Despite the release of his birth certificate, some Americans express continued skepticism over whether Barack Obama was born in the United States. This study examined two possible causes of birther ...beliefs: that Republicans and conservatives, whose ideological beliefs and policy preferences led to disapproval of the president, might be particularly prone to accepting birther beliefs, and that negative attitudes toward Blacks led some Americans to disapprove of the President and accept foreign birthplace claims. A nationally representative survey of Americans showed that birther sentiments were predominant among conservatives/Republicans and individuals holding anti-Black attitudes. These relations were mediated by disapproval of the president. Hence, it appears that birther beliefs were motivated both by politically-grounded disapproval and racially-driven disapproval of the president.
•Many Americans continued to believe that President Obama was born overseas in the summer of 2012.•Republicans/conservatives were more likely to believe Mr. Obama was born overseas than Democrats/liberals.•Individuals with anti-Black attitudes were more likely to believe Mr. Obama was born overseas than individuals with pro-Black attitudes.•Relations linking partisanship/ideology and racial attitudes with birther beliefs were mediated by presidential job approval.•Relations observed support the notion that birther beliefs are the product of a motivated dislike of the president.
Despite the prevalence of anti-government rumors in authoritarian countries, little is currently known about their effects on citizens’ attitudes toward the government, and whether the authorities ...can effectively combat rumors. With an experimental procedure embedded in two surveys about Chinese internet users’ information exposure, this study finds that rumors decrease citizens’ trust in the government and support of the regime. Moreover, individuals from diverse socio-economic and political backgrounds are similarly susceptible to thinly evidenced rumors. Rebuttals generally reduce people’s belief in the specific content of rumors, but often do not recover political trust unless the government brings forth solid and vivid evidence to back its refutation or win the endorsement of public figures broadly perceived to be independent. But because such high-quality and strong rebuttals are hard to come by, rumors will erode political support in an authoritarian state. These findings have rich implications for studies of rumors and misinformation in general, and authoritarian information politics in particular.
The danger of rumor-mongering became familiar since Adam was expelled from AI-Jannah (Paradise). This led the researcher in this study to evaluate the position of people with regards to rumors and ...its effect on the society. This research adopted the typical approach to investigate the Prophet's traditions on rumors from the nine basic collections of hadith and analyze their texts to bring out the negative religious, social and economic effects of rumors on the individual and society. Also, this research used the questionnaire as one of the quantitative approach tools to attain precise results in the study that was conducted on Saudi Arabia by selecting several random samples to whom the questionnaires were distributed, and feedback was collected. (97%) of the total feedback collected was suitable for analysis. However, the questionnaire contained the aspects such as position of people regarding rumors and effect of rumors on the individual and society religiously, socially and economically. The study concluded that there are few numbers of people who pay attention to spreading every news they hear or read without verification. In the study, the researcher also discussed the religious, social and economic effects of rumors on the individual and society and it became clear that rumors affect the individual religiously, socially and economically at a (very low level). Also, the recommendations including: to conduct a careful and specialist study of this subject, to generalize the teachings of the dangers of rumor mongering in order to curtail it and to establish a specialized body to fight rumormongering.
While Covid-19 globally sent the tourism economy into freefall, it had a smaller impact on tourism in Mali, where the sector collapsed in a context of crisis and war long before the pandemic. But if ...tourism and the coronavirus have had little to do with each other, they were united in the extension of grievances they have caused against the former colonial power. In Mali, the accusations of neo-colonialism, which have been brought against tourism elsewhere, are made against France as much for its military interventions as for its fight against the pandemic. In these denunciatory speeches, tourism paradoxically becomes a victim of the system that created it.
Large numbers of Americans endorse political rumors on surveys. But do they truly believe what they say? In this paper, I assess the extent to which subscription to political rumors represents ...genuine beliefs as opposed to expressive responses—rumor endorsements designed to express opposition to politicians and policies rather than genuine belief in false information. I ran several experiments, each designed to reduce expressive responding on two topics: among Republicans on the question of whether Barack Obama is a Muslim and among Democrats on whether members of the federal government had advance knowledge about 9/11. The null results of all experiments lead to the same conclusion: the incidence of expressive responding is very small, though somewhat larger for Democrats than Republicans. These results suggest that survey responses serve as a window into the underlying beliefs and true preferences of the mass public.
The purpose of this study is to identify the needs of rumor management in organizational relationships from the perspective of the Holy Quran. Gossip is a fact of formal and informal communication. ...This phenomenon includes an unapproved proposition that is passed from one person to another, It often arises from people's suspicions, or is not based on solid evidence And it may be untrue, so it requires a favorable confrontation. The main question of the research is what are the requirements of rumor management in organizational relations from the perspective of the Holy Quran? The research method is inductive theme analysis during which the necessary data from the Holy Quran were collected and the basic, organizing and comprehensive themes were identified. The most important findings in the face of rumors are: preventing the publication of deviant news, ensuring certainty in fundamental actions, preventing possible harm, transparency of the position against deviations, awareness of the manifestations of deception, maintaining sanctities and links, dealing authoritatively with Threat factors and ...;The most important findings in creating rumors are: avoiding the violation of the rights of others, observing honesty of speech, protection from rumors. Based on the findings, the requirements are considered necessary due to the positions of a priori exposure, posterior exposure and creation. Some requirements are necessary in special circumstances and others are common to some situations. Also, in the face of rumors, knowing the truth or falsity of a rumor and in creating rumors, its true or unreal nature, is effective in determining the requirements.
The manuscript investigates how social media were used during a flood disaster managed by public affairs officers. We conducted high‐level “elite” interviews with the state's top emergency managers ...about their social media policies, practices, and use in both media relations and citizen communication. We explored the strategies and communication models implemented, challenges and barriers for effective adoption of these platforms, and ethical implications in the use social media during natural disasters. The study investigates gaps between theories and practice, adopting a multidisciplinary perspective that involves public relations, social media studies, government/public affairs, and public sector communication. Recommendations are offered to improve disaster communication via social media including dedicated staff and resources, evaluation, symmetry, and the use of ethical communication to quell rumors or misinformation during a disaster.
How rumors fly Jia, Ming; Ruan, Hongfei; Zhang, Zhe
Journal of business research,
03/2017, Letnik:
72
Journal Article
Recenzirano
News media do not always report objectively. In particular, negative rumors encourage news media to hype unconfirmed reports and lead to media bias. In this study, we seek to understand how negative ...rumors spur corporate clarifications. We find that after rumors surface, news coverage of those rumors by credible sources increases the magnitude of subsequent media bias on target firms. Moreover, we find that the power of a negative rumor depends on the extent to which the public believes the rumor. We focus on how community religious norms affect the public's interpretation of rumors and propose that religious norms among the population surrounding a target firm increase the magnitude of negative media bias on that firm. To counter media bias, we find that firms—especially those with reputations for corporate philanthropy—make technical clarification announcements that provide substantial details. Based on samples of negative rumors in the Chinese stock market from 2006 to 2012, empirical studies provide strong support for our arguments.
•Negative rumors encourage news media to hype unconfirmed reports and lead to media bias.•News coverage of those rumors by credible sources increases the magnitude of subsequent media bias on target firms.•Religious norms among the population surrounding a target firm increase the magnitude of negative media bias on that firm.•Firms should make technical-clarification announcements to fight media bias.•A reputation for corporate philanthropy buttresses that clarification strategy.
•We study product innovation rumors and find that they shape perceptions inside and outside the firm.•Product innovation rumors are used despite the debated legitimacy of technology blogs.•Rumors ...augment validated knowledge from more legitimate sources that may not be freely available.•Firms can influence external actors through selective revealing and seeding of rumors.•Rumors address the paradox of openness by forming an informal means of gathering insight.
Prior studies of open innovation have highlighted the effects of different flows of knowledge between firms and external partners—such as flows of software code, technical solutions, or new product ideas—and how firms face a “paradox of openness” about how open to be to external sources while also appropriating value. There are increasingly flows of more provisional knowledge as well, in the form of product innovation rumors exchanged within online technology blogs. Our study objective was to understand how product innovation rumors are used by firms as both inflows and outflows of provisional knowledge and their effect on the innovation process. Using interview data within a high-technology firm whose forthcoming products were the subject of rumor within technology blogs, we develop propositions regarding how inflows of product innovation rumors affect innovation decisions (while addressing concerns about appropriability and intrafirm knowledge flows) and how outflows from firms may affect stakeholders outside the firm (through selective revealing and influence of technology blog editors). Product innovation rumors in part address the paradox of openness by forming an informal means of open innovation alongside formal processes, and we suggest further research opportunities in this domain.
PDF
