This paper is dedicated to the manuscript “The True Origin of All Things”, which is a Russian translation of a Christian catechism, written in Chinese in early 18th century by Giulio Alenio. This ...text was translated into Russian in the 1791 by Alexey Agafonov. This study is based on comparative analysis of the original text and its Russian translation. As a result, it was established that the two versions of this text mostly coincide but there is a number of differences. Some chapters and fragments were replaced. This translation currently exists as a single copy stored at the Research Department of the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences. This manuscript is not mentioned in any catalogues or papers or monographs on the history of Russian sinology. Статья посвящена сравнительному анализу текста христианского катехизиса «萬物真原» («Об истинном начале всех вещей»), написанного в начале XVII в. на китайском языке итальянским иезуитом, католическим миссионером в Китае Джулио Алени (1582–1649), и рукописного текста его перевода на русский язык под названием «Истинный источник всех тварей, или Книга об истинном источнике всех тварей», выполненного в 1791 г. Алексеем Агафоновым (1746–1794), учеником шестой Русской православной миссии в Пекине. В результате проведенного исследования было установлено, что между рассматриваемыми текстами имеется ряд различий. Это выражается прежде всего в том, что в тексте перевода катехизиса переставлены несколько глав и некоторые отдельные фрагменты текста, отсутствуют введение, написанное Д. Алени, и две главы. В настоящее время данный перевод существует только в одном экземпляре (хранится в Научно-исследовательском отделе рукописей Библиотеки РАН в Санкт-Петербурге). Рукопись не упоминается ни в каталогах, ни в работах по истории русского китаеведения.
The article analyses the experience of implementing virtual reality (VR) in foreign language teaching, particularly teaching the Russian language in Chinese universities. Basing on different ...approaches and the results of applying VR in practical classes at the Russian Language Faculty of Sichuan University, the research on the effectiveness of VR technologies has been done in terms of stimulating Russian language learners motivation, enhancing their knowledge, strengthening their language capability, developing basic oral Russian, as well as improving the quality of teaching Russian in a non-native environment. The research subject is determined by the transformation of the educational process among students with a relatively good language capability. The novelty and actuality of the topic are due to the following factors. Firstly, it is modelling situations with real-world samples when the organizer of educational process makes it immersive by using computer and recordings. Secondly, auto-reading module can be used. Thirdly, the system can check the consistency between the original text and the one recognized by voice recognition module. The author reviews indicators of the experiment, aimed at assessing teaching results and summarizing the changes in knowledge acquiring with using VR technologies at the Russian Language Faculty of Sichuan University. According to the results of the survey, the author studies the pros and cons of the changes brought by VR and concludes the opinions of the tested students and teachers participating in the experiment. The results of the experiment illustrate changing roles of teachers and students. To be specific, the teacher is no longer a simple organizer, but a supervisor, assistant and consultant, playing a supporting role. Students gradually master the functions of training systems. It stimulates them to work independently under VR. This has been proved by the students results in the semester exam and the state accreditation test of translators. Besides, the statistical data are presented on the differences between the traditional model of language teaching and the one under VR.
Language policy and usage in the post-communist region have continually attracted wide political, media, and expert attention since the disintegration of the USSR in 1991. How are these issues ...politicized in contemporary Estonia, Latvia, and Ukraine? This study presents a cross-cultural qualitative and quantitative analysis of publications in leading Russian-language blogs and news websites of these three post-Soviet states during the period of 2004–2017.
The most notable difference observed between Ukraine and the two Baltic countries is that many Russian-writing users in Ukraine’s internet tend to support the position that the state language, i.e. Ukrainian, is discriminated against and needs special protection by the state, whereas the majority of the Russian-speaking commentators on selected Estonian and Latvian news websites advocate for introducing Russian as a second state language.
Despite attempts of Ukraine’s government to Ukrainize public space, the position of Ukrainian is still perceived, even by many Russian-writing commentators and bloggers, as being ‘precarious’ and ‘vulnerable’. This became especially visible in debates after the Revolution of Dignity, when the number of supporters of the introduction of Russian as second state language significantly decreased. In the Russian-language sector of Estonian and Latvian news websites and blogs, in contrast, the majority of online users continually reproduce the image of ‘victims’ of nation-building. They often claim that their political, as well as economic rights, are significantly limited in comparison to ethnic Estonians and Latvians.
The results of Maksimovtsova’s research illustrate that, notwithstanding differences between the Estonian as well as Latvian cases, on the one hand, and Ukraine, on the other, there is an ongoing process of convergence of debates in Ukraine to those held in the other two countries analyzed in terms of an increased degree of ‘discursive decommunization’ and ‘derussification’.
This book investigates the temporal structure of language. It deals with central issues in the understanding of tense and aspect, proposes a new approach to the main problems in the area, and seeks ...to establish the universal semantic properties of two important and contentious aspectual categories: perfectivity and imperfectivity. The book develops an original theory of aspect. It shows how this accounts for aspectual categories in Russian, and that it can used to compare Russian to other languages where similar aspectual issues arise. The book devotes particular attention to English, a language which appears to have no grammatical categories of perfectivity and imperfectivity. It argues that the semantic properties established for the Russian tense-aspect system are reflected in English, and reveals parallels in the expression of temporal and aspectual information in the two languages.
The criteria for pluricentric languages, generalized by the Working Group on NonDominant Varieties of Pluricentric Languages (WGNDV), as well as our earlier condition of tightness, opacity, ...incomprehensibility of Kazakh Russian were used to discuss the possibility of its gradual formation. Two main conclusions were made: a) the Russian language of the post-Soviet space currently meets the criteria for pluricentric languages; b) the Russian language in Kazakhstan is going through rapid and noticeable diversification processes. The arguments of Kazakhstani linguists who assert (B.Kh. Khasanov, E.A. Zhuravleva, D.D. Shaibakova, etc.) or deny (Z.K. Sabitova, A.K. Kazkenova, etc.) the qualifications of the Russian language as variant in Kazakhstan - a country of long-term and massive Kazakh-Russian bilingualism. Generations of Russian speakers (monolinguals - ethnic Russians, Koreans, Ukrainians and others and bilinguals - Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Uighurs and others) with a dominant Russian or a dominant ethnic language - are involved in the processes of Soviet Russification and modern Kazakhization with different effects. Nowadays the diversification of the Russian language in Kazakhstan is taking place against the background of a fundamental change in the status and functional state of the Kazakh and Russian languages; reducing the number of native Russian speakers; fundamental changes in Kazakh-Russian bilingualism, reflected in the crisis of the linguistic identity of a part of Kazakhstanis, in a linguistic shift towards the Russian language (Koreans, part of Kazakhs, Ukrainians, small ethnic groups, etc.) and a turn of the linguistic shift of Kazakhs; strengthening the position of the Kazakh language in business, culture, education, mass media, interethnic communication; the changed vector of influence of languages (Kazakh Russian) and the openness of the Russian language for oral and written borrowings, especially in media texts; finally, new communication needs of Kazakhstanis. The long-term linguistic and cultural borderland, which forms the internalized conceptual-mental picture of the world inherent in Kazakhstanis, has become a fundamental factor stimulating the diversification processes of the Russian language in Kazakhstan.
The main task of modern society, the change in educational policy in general and in the field of teaching speech disciplines are discussed in this article. An analysis of pedagogical practice and the ...results of special studies suggest that the problem of using these technologies to develop the speech competence of future specialists of non-linguistic universities in the process of teaching the Russian language has not yet been adequately reflected in the research of scientists. It is also said that many problems in higher education, in particular, the use of pedagogical technologies in teaching the Russian language, are poorly solved in both theoretical and practical aspects.
Artiklis analüüsitakse madalat maastikku tähistavate komi sönade päritolu ja struktuuri. Valdav osa seilest sönavarast on genuiinne, jagunedes uurali, soome-ugri. soome-permi. permi ja komi oma ...sönadeks. Vöörkomponendi moodustavad kaheksa pöhjavene murretest pärinevat laenu.
The article undertakes a conceptual analysis of the challenges associated with translating works from the Corpus Areopagiticum, a collection of theological treatises attributed to Dionysius the ...Areopagite from the 1st century. However, these works are unequivocally associated with early medieval Eastern Christian mystical-theological thought, presumably from the turn of the 5th—6th centuries. These texts first appeared in the Slavic Orthodox area in 1370, and subsequent translations emerged at the end of the 17th century, in the 18th and 19th centuries, and, most recently, in contemporary times. The authors introduce a set of criteria that facilitate the differentiation of the analyzed texts into distinct types of text transmission, namely transposition, retelling, and translation. These criteria are founded on factors such as the dominant translation strategy, the approach to the source language, and the textual tradition. The primary research methodology involves a diachronic analysis of linguistic material, employing comparative, stylistic, and textual analysis within the theolinguistic paradigm. The hypothesis posited in the article is substantiated based on empirical evidence. Moreover, the article draws conclusions regarding the impact of general linguistic changes on the nature of translations. This includes shifts in the role and status of the Church Slavonic language, the conditions contributing to the formation of a new literary language, and the inevitable influence of broader cultural and civilizational factors. The paper also explores the tradition of translating otherness, a practice that persists in contemporary times.
Russian Federation has consistently ranked among the top ten countries in the world for the number of international students enrolled in secondary and higher education institutions to pursue a ...specialization. In this context, one of the most crucial and pressing problems of Russian pedagogy is the high-quality education. The current system, however, does not adequately address this issue, as seen by the high number of first-year international students that are expelled each year for not comprehending certain concepts in Russian language. In this regard, the goal of the study was to identify the challenges that prohibit international students from receiving a successful education in Russian universities' junior programs and to devise solutions to these challenges. Monitoring studies were carried out with the help of international students enrolled in the RUDN University's first-year programs for bachelor's, master's, and speciality degrees in order to achieve this objective. The data acquired show that the system of pre-university education for international students has to be modernized in terms of both the Russian language and specific academic areas. Subject-language integration as a learning strategy has enormous methodological promise for raising standards and effectiveness. Content and language integrated learning has a lot of methodological promise for enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of the current system. The author take into account and carefully analyze the technologies and guiding principles of this notion in relation to the duties of preparing international students for pre-university education. The theory and methodology of teaching the Russian language and specialized subjects in the Russian language to foreigners with a professional orientation are being developed by this research, which also helps to develop the conditions for maximizing the educational training of foreign students in Russian universities.
Современный этап развития русского языка отмечен наличием большого количества лексических единиц «переходного» характера, что свидетельствует о размывании границ языковых подсистем. В то же время ...именно они (в терминологии лингвосинергетического подхода) являются «точками бифуркации» для языковой системы в целом. Статья посвящена вопросу определения частеречной принадлежности реализаций лексемы правда в русском языке XXI века. В результате рассмотрения более 450 словоупотреблений анализируемой лексемы формируется представление о ее частеречном статусе в современном русском языке, отражении данных значений в лексикографических источниках, а также о переходных явлениях, связанных с употреблением лексемы правда в различных контекстах. В ходе классификации по лексико-семантическому и морфолого-синтаксическому основаниям обнаруживается наличие группы реализаций рассматриваемой единицы с наречным значением, которое подтверждается синонимическими связями лексемы правда с лексемами верно, действительно, на самом деле, а также стилистической парадигмой – реально, четко. Это позволяет рассматривать анализируемую единицу как маркер лингвокреативной деятельности русскоязычной языковой личности XXI столетия.
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