The article describes the study of the perception of the Russian-Chinese borderland by the participants of the Russian expedition of 1874-1875 under the leadership of Y.A. Sosnovsky. The 19th century ...was a period of active study of Asia and the formation of ideas about these territories at the level of mass consciousness. From the point of view of intercultural communication on the borderland, the linguistic tradition that developed in Kyakhta, which at that time was the centre of the Russian-Chinese tea trade, is of particular interest. In those places, a mixed Russian-Chinese dialect arose, which turned out to be extremely stable thanks to the consistent policy of the Chinese authorities. They required knowledge of the Russian language from their merchants and created a special language school to teach the minimum basics necessary for trading. Y.A. Sosnovsky expedition opened a new shorter trade route and created the prerequisites for the formation of a holistic image of the Russian-Chinese borderland.
The study is focused on revealing and analysis of external influences that affect the process of teaching the Russian language for specific purposes - business/professional communication to bilingual ...learners. The analysis is correlated with the description of external factors that cause a shift of emphasis from teaching the language of profession to teaching business communication. This comprehensive analysis makes it possible to build a uniform teaching course model based on a holistic approach. The study defines the general strategy of training, formulates tasks and outlines approaches to their solution, as well as delineates the contours of a branched out multi-component practical training course.
Русский политический дискурс в фокусе лингвоэкологии Боженкова, Наталья Александровна; Катышев, Павел Алексеевич; Ионова, Светлана Валентиновна ...
Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serii͡a︡ 2, I͡A︡zykoznanie.,
11/2019, Letnik:
18, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
В статье рассматриваются типологические механизмы организации коммуникативных практик современного политического дискурса и способы языковой экспликации его аксиологических и символических ...конституентов, детерминирующих ментальные универсалии индивидуального / коллективного сознания. Представленная статья является результатом совместной работы авторов под руководством Н.А. Боженковой, предложившей методологическую концепцию исследования, направленную на системную характеризацию лингво- и социокультурных доминант политического взаимодействия и установление вербальных показателей социальной асимметрии. На основе этой концепции обобщены аспектные данные описания языка политического дискурса. Позиция авторского коллектива базируется на многоуровневом анализе компонентной структуры политических интеракций с учетом жанровой специфики легитимных (Э.А. Афанасьева) и нелегитимных (П.А. Катышев) коммуникативных актов. Совмещение методов дискурс-анализа, лингвокогнитивной проекции, лингвокультурологических истолкований и функционально-прагматического рассмотрения текстовых единиц дало возможность выявить и квалифицировать лингвосемиотические элементы политических практик (П.А. Катышев, Л.Н. Саакян) и на этом основании осуществить эколингвистическую типологизацию (С.В. Ионова) базисных языковых составляющих актов политического общения, различных по степени легитимности. Результаты проведенного исследования свидетельствуют о возможности выделения особого коммуникативного регистра русскоязычного политического дискурса, в котором актуализируются лингвокультурные ресурсы различных дискурсивных практик и одновременно существенно расширяется зона возможных коммуникативных рисков.
The basic biology of onychophorans was revealed slowly and controversially during much of the 19th century. Communications were in Latin, French, Spanish, German and English. This information was ...synthesised in the monumental monographs of Bouvier in 1905 and 1907. However, amongst this multicultural endeavour is a significant Russian contribution by Nikolai Sanger, a student of Professor Leuckart of the Zoological Institute in Leipzig, Germany. Sanger requested a specimen of Onychophora from the Institute's collection for serial sectioning. This resulted in a detailed account of the anatomy of Peripatopsis capensis. Sanger's description of the extensive slime glands was the first to recognise them as the hallmark of onychophorans for defence and prey capture, and not the male reproductive system as previously claimed. Based on these morphological observations, he correctly concluded that onychophorans are not hermaphrodites and, furthermore, are "predominantly predaceous" animals. He further appropriately assigned the slime glands and salivary glands to the slime papilla segment, despite the lack of embryological data at that time. Sanger also identified the excretory organs (nephridia) and their openings, although he erroneously assigned them to a dual role of excretion and respiration. Moreover, he highlighted the importance of the position of the genital opening as a diagnostic character, described the ventral/preventral organs as "subcutaneous glandules", identified the neurilemma enclosing the central nervous system, and recognised "oval holes of different sizes" in each nerve cord that were subsequently demonstrated to represent giant fibres. Of interest to parasitologists, he discovered a larval acanthocephalan encysted within the cutaneous muscles of his specimen of P. capensis, suggesting that onychophorans act as a secondary host for this parasite. Sanger's memoir concludes with a brief but important description of the first species of Onychophora recorded from Australia, "northwest of Sydney, New Holland". This species is now known as Euperipatoides leuckartii with a neotype designated from a specific location northwest of Sydney.
In recent years, the situation with the Russian language presence in the CIS and foreign countries has changed. Statesmen of range of former Soviet republics in their plans to involve schoolchildren ...and students in further development of relations with Russia and encourage the use, the Russian language in their work, consider the possibility of the labor market expansion, closer cooperation in the sphere of education in Russian largest universities, and of science partnership with Russian scientific institutions. Europe, Asia and Africa face an increase in interest in the studying of the Russian language. Homever, its position declines in some countries, for example in Germany. Russian was a compulsory course in public schools of former socialist countries till 1990, but after the collapse of the socialist system, their governments abandoned this practice. But in recent years Russian language is gaining popularity among students, for example, in Poland and the Czech Republic. The Chinese, South Koreans and the Indian people also show interest in studying Russian language, literature and culture. En Africa Russian is spoken by the graduates of Russian universities and people who worked with Russian partners. Due to positive changes in the Russian economy, its business relations with foreign partners, and the need to communicate in Russian when working together, there is some increase in the number of foreigners who choose to study the Russian language. En addition, this is often associated with the desire to learn Russian language in order to embrace national Russian values.
The success of reading, including reading as a part of foreign language acquisition, depends on numerous factors, such as motivation, academic emotions, engagement in reading, etc. Although the ...necessity to take into consideration a reader has been pointed out on many occasions, the culture-specific paradigms of emotional situations and their role in learning have hardly been discussed. The current study is aimed at exploring an emotional response to a humorous Russian-language text by representatives of two cultures; its primary target is to identify similarities and differences in the reactions of Russian and Chinese readers to a short story and the behavior of its characters. The survey was offered to Russian and Chinese university students, who had to evaluate themselves as emotional or reserved readers; to express their attitudes towards using emotion-evoking texts in the classroom and to evaluate a story from this perspective; as well as to use a list of emotional responses to choose the options describing how they felt about the story. The respondents also added to the list to specify their feelings and provided some comments. The experiment showed that emotion-evoking texts generate interest, creating a high learning motivation, which goes in favor of selecting educational texts that not only present a target language, but also truly engage learners. The survey results revealed the similarities and differences in selfidentification through the lens of emotions and in the affective comprehension of a funny story, caused, among other things, by the nationally specific value systems of the respondents. Different proportions of particular emotions and different responses to the same situation in the Russian and the Chinese samples indicate the important role of cultural traditions and ethnically specific mentality. The characteristics of speech and verbalized thought observed at the emotional level of students of different cultural backgrounds should be taken into account by teachers of foreign languages.
Church Slavonic, one of the world's historic sacred languages, has experienced a revival in post-Soviet Russia. Blending religious studies and sociolinguistics, this is the first book devoted to ...Church Slavonic in the contemporary period. It is not a narrow study in linguistics, but uses Slavonic as a passkey into various wider topics, including the renewal and factionalism of the Orthodox Church; the transformation of the Russian language; and the debates about protecting the nation from Western cults and culture. It considers both official and popular forms of Orthodox Christianity, as well as Russia's esoteric and neo-pagan traditions. Ranging over such diverse areas as liturgy, pedagogy, typography, mythology, and conspiracy theory, the book illuminates the complex interrelationship between language and faith in post-communist society, and shows how Slavonic has performed important symbolic work during a momentous chapter in Russian history. It is of great interest to scholars of sociolinguistics and of religion, as well as to Russian studies specialists.
The first book to offer a detailed exploration of the condition of public debate in Russia, this pioneering volume presents a truly interdisciplinary perspective on Russian language and society ...making it essential reading for advanced students and specialist.
The article presents an overview of research literature on the etiquettical conventional speech genre “wish” in Russian and foreign linguistics. The author compares definitions of the lexeme “wish” ...in various lexicographic sources, considers researchers’ approaches to determining the status of a wish and identifies some debatable problems of studying the genre. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of wishes within the theory of speech acts and the theory of speech genres. The article also compares researchers’ viewpoints on the debatable problems concerning pious wishes and evil wishes, as well as gives an overview of the works concerning grammatical and syntactic means of making wishes and typical models of the genre. The article provides the analysis of works with the existing classifications of wishes based on their structure and on being etiquettical/non-etiquettical, stereotypical/non-stereotypical, etc., as well as the analysis of works based on ideas about the field structure of the genre, where the core consists of clichéd wishes, and the periphery – of non-standard statements, or (according to another theory) explicit statements and imperative/modified wishes, respectively. The research points out the importance of investigating extralinguistic factors (gender, age, status-role relations of communicants) in the study of wishes. The paper reviews articles which deal with the comparison and collation analysis of wishes in different languages (Russian, English, German, Chinese, etc.). The conclusion outlines some directions for the further study of this genre in various areas and situations of communication.
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