In this paper, I argue that declension classes are not primitives (see Aronoff
1994
; Alexiadou
2004
; Kramer
2015
; i.a.), but are decomposed into simpler features, one of which is gender (Harris
...1991
; Wiese
2004
; Caha
2019
). The argument is based on semantic gender agreement in Russian, where a grammatically masculine noun can trigger feminine agreement if its referent is female (Mučnik
1971
; Pesetsky
2013
). Semantic agreement is grammatical only in those forms where a regular nominal exponent is syncretic with an exponent of a declension class that includes feminine nouns. In other forms, conflicting masculine and feminine gender features lead to ineffability in morphology (cf. Schütze
2003
; Asarina
2011
; Coon and Keine
2020
). Ineffability arises because the Subset Principle (Halle
1997
) that holds between features of a vocabulary item and a terminal at the point of Vocabulary Insertion is violated later in the derivation. This is in turn possible if Vocabulary Insertion applying cyclically bottom-up (Bobaljik
2000
) is interleaved with Lowering that alters structure below a triggering node (Embick and Noyer
2001
). Finally, I show that Russian also has a number of cases where conflicting gender features in a noun phrase do not result in a realization failure (Iomdin
1980
). The difference between these patterns is derived in a principled way and follows from the positions where conflicting features are introduced.
This is the most innovative, comprehensive, and scholarly bilingual dictionary of Russian idioms available today. It includes close to 14,000 idioms, set expressions, and sayings found in ...contemporary colloquial Russian and in literature from the nineteenth century to the present. The Russian idioms are provided with many English equivalents to render idioms in various contexts. Illustrative examples are cited to show how the idioms are used in context. Each entry also contains a grammatical description of the idiom, a definition-an innovative feature for a bilingual dictionary-and stylistic and usage information. A most notable part of the work is the alphanumeric index that makes finding the right expression very easy.
Introduction. Kazakhs are a Turkic people dominant in present-day Republic of Kazakhstan. The former also reside in adjacent territories of China, Russia, Uzbekistan, Mongolia, and Turkey. Ancient ...written sources employed quite a number of ethnonyms — including the endonym қазақ (Qazaq) — to denote the ethnos. And the issue of etymology is still debatable. According to the main version, the word қазақ stands for a ‘free, unrestricted, independent person’. Goals. The paper seeks to examine spelling variants of the ethnonym in national languages of bordering countries — Mongolian, Chinese, and Russian. Results. The ethnonym has two spelling variants in Mongolian, namely: хасаг and казак. The former is the traditional spelling adopted by Mongols since ancient times. In Mongolian, the first syllable ка- (ka-) turns into ха- (kha-), which thus gave rise to the mentioned form. The second spelling variant was borrowed in the mid-to-late 20th century from Russian, and is a neologism. The Chinese hasake is as transformed as other ethnonyms, e.g., монгол (Mongol) — menggu, русский (Russian) — eluosi, ойрат (Oirat) — weilate, elute. Russians tended to call Kazakhs ‘Kirghiz-Kaisaks’, or ‘Kirghizes’ till the early 20th century. The latter ethnonym was replaced by қазақ (Qazaq), and further the spelling казах (Kazakh) was officially accepted.
Stereotypes, prejudices, hostile images and clichés are different forms of self-images and images of others. This paper establishes stereotypes as a scalable concept to distinguish them from other ...forms of fixed attributions. It features a comparison of national stereotypes about Germany, the Germans and the German language from a Dutch and Russian perspective and discusses the use of stereotypes in foreign language teaching, which are aimed at culturally reflective learning.
Some children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) demonstrate unusual islets of abilities or “splinter skills” that represent relative strengths in their development. In this paper we present a ...clinical case of an 11-year-old Russian boy with ASD who spontaneously acquired the English language. While the child demonstrated language deficits in both English and Russian, the discrepancy between the languages was paradoxical given the lack of exposure to English language. This case study brings into question the importance of a language environment for children with ASD. Alternative pathway to language acquisition is discussed. We hypothesize that that incidental second language acquisition in children with ASD resulting from media exposure could become more frequent with the availability of the Internet.
War, Language and Culture Pchelintseva, Olena
Zeitschrift für Slawistik,
08/2023, Letnik:
68, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Summary
The article presents the analysis of the changes, which have occurred in the linguistic and cultural public consciousness of the Ukrainians since the Russian invasion into Ukraine on February ...24, 2022. The research was conducted based on the results of online survey involving respondents from the educational and cultural spheres (teachers, lecturers, museum and library workers, theatrical and literary workers). The choice of this target group was based on the assumption that this professional group is the most sensitive to any changes in the sphere we aim to study. People employed in culture and education are capable of self-reflection, and, in accordance with their professional functions, they have an obvious intellectual, moral, and ethical influence on society, thus bearing the responsibility for the situation and broadcasting their position and attitude to the linguistic situation and culture. According to the results of the survey, many bilingual informants refuse to use Russian, and Russian-speaking Ukrainians attempt to start speaking Ukrainian by studying it independently or taking courses. The analysis showed that
Cancelled Russian culture
is a phenomenon relevant not only for virtual space. Negative attitudes towards Russia are transferred to classical Russian literature, to Russian-language music content, and, to a lesser extent, to modern fiction. At the same time, a third of the respondents directly or indirectly approve of the use of taboo (swear) words and expressions in public space. The study makes it possible to understand the dynamics of public attitude and the general vector of linguistic and cultural changes.
본 연구는 신조어 пофигизм의 형성과정과 그 파생모어인 фиг와 фига가 다양한 신조어를 형성하며 활용되는 양상에 주목하였다. 현대 러시아 언어문화의 독특한 한 단면을 보여주는 키워드인 포피기즘은 주변에 대해 무심하고 무관심한 상태를 의미한다. 이 어휘는 포스트모던 아이러니의 러시아적 구현이지만, 소련 말기 다채로운 어휘 선택의 자유를 얻은 ...언론인들이 유행시킨 표현이기도 하다. 신조어 пофигизм의 형성과정은 언어학적 측면에서도 흥미롭다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 пофигизм의 형성과정을 추적하고, 현대 러시아 언어문화에서 фиг와 фига의 파생어들이 어떻게 쓰이고 있는지 살펴본다. пофигизм의 쓰임을 설명하기 위해 본 논문의 2장에서 명사 фиг, фига와 그 파생어들의 형성시기와 과정을 추적하고, 그 의미와 용법을 분석한다. 3장에서는 이 어휘들의 문법화 과정의 특징을 간략하게 살펴보고 4장에서 이 어휘들의 형성 및 전파과정에 있어 언론의 역할과 현대 러시아의 언어문화를 조명해 보고, 5장에서 마무리한다.
This study focused on the formation process of the neologism “пофигизм” and the ways in which the derived mother words фиг and фига continue to produce various new expressions even today. The new word “пофигизм”, a keyword that shows a unique aspect of modern Russian language and culture, means a state of indifference and lack of interest in the outside world. The neologism “пофигизм” is a Russian embodiment of postmodern irony, but it is also an expression popularized by journalists who gained the freedom to choose a variety of vocabulary at the end of the Soviet Union. The formation process of the neologism “пофигизм” is also interesting in terms of linguistics. Therefore, this study traces the formation process of “пофигизм” and examines how the derivatives of фиг and фига are used in modern Russian language culture. To explain the use of “пофигизм”, Chapter 2 of this paper traces the formation time and process of the nouns фиг and фига and their derivatives and analyzes their meaning and usage. In Chapter 3, the characteristics of the grammaticalization process of these vocabularies are briefly reviewed, and in Chapter 4, the role of the media in the formation and dissemination of these vocabularies and the linguistic culture of modern Russia are highlighted.
This paper critically interrogates the notion of 'citizenship' from the politically-charged perspective of Russian speakers in Estonia. Drawing on a broad range of critical citizenship literatures, ...and ethnographic examples from the borderland city of Narva, we propose re- and de-centring citizenship away from universalising conceptions, towards a historically and culturally grounded horizontal perspective on citizenship. While cognisant of dominant, state-centric approaches in Estonia, we present citizenship as a process unfolding through individual, everyday practices of belonging. We demonstrate how Russian speakers, excluded from membership in the Estonian community, can still become members in many less-formal ways, through vibrant interaction with local space.
Does the way we speak affect what we think about gender equality? Languages vary by how much they require speakers to attend to gender. Genderless tongues (e.g., Estonian) do not oblige speakers to ...designate the gender of objects, while gendered tongues do (e.g., Russian). By neglecting to distinguish between male and female objects, we hypothesize that speakers of genderless tongues will express more liberalized attitudes toward gender equality. Using an experiment that assigned the interview language to 1,200 Estonian/Russian bilinguals, we find support for this proposition. In a second experiment, we replicate this result and demonstrate its absence for attitudes without obvious gender referents. We also provide some evidence suggesting that language effects weaken when social norms about acceptable behavior are made salient. Finally, we extend our principal finding through a cross-national analysis of survey data. Our results imply that language may have significant consequences for mass opinion about gender equality.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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