As data rates demands are exploding, 5G will soon rely on mmWaves that offer much higher bandwidths. Yet at these frequencies, attenuation and diffraction of waves require point to point ...communications with beamforming base stations that are complex and power greedy. Furthermore, since any obstacle at these frequencies completely blocks the waves, the networks must be extremely dense, resulting in dramatic increase of its cost. One way to avoid this problem is to redirect beams coming from base stations at many locations with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces, in order to increase their coverage even in cluttered environments. Here we describe and experimentally demonstrate a binary tunable metasurface operating at 28 GHz, based on standard PCB and off the shelves PIN diodes. We show that it can be used as a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface that beamforms an incoming plane wave at a given angle to one or several outgoing plane waves at angles reconfigurable in real time. Most importantly we use this 20 cm × 20 cm reconfigurable Intelligent Surface alongside software defined radio and up/down converters at 28 GHz, and demonstrate a wireless link between an emitter and a receiver 10 m away, in a non-line-of-sight configuration, hence proving the validity of the approach.
Widely regarded as one of the most promising emerging technologies for driving the future development of wireless communications, cognitive radio has the potential to mitigate the problem of ...increasing radio spectrum scarcity through dynamic spectrum allocation. Drawing on fundamental elements of information theory, network theory, propagation, optimisation and signal processing, a team of leading experts present a systematic treatment of the core physical and networking principles of cognitive radio and explore key design considerations for the development of new cognitive radio systems. Containing all the underlying principles you need to develop practical applications in cognitive radio, this book is an essential reference for students, researchers and practitioners alike in the field of wireless communications and signal processing.
Radio interference in the uplink makes communication to satellites in the UHF amateur radio band (430–440 MHz) challenging for any satellite application. Interference measurements and ...characterisation can improve the robustness and reliability of the communication system design. Most published results focus on average power spectrum measurements and heatmaps. We apply a low complexity estimator on an SDR (Software-Defined Radio) to study the interference’s dispersion and temporal variation on-board a small satellite as an alternative. Measuring the Local Mean Envelope (LME) variability with different averaging window lengths enables the estimation of time variability of the interference. The coefficient of variation for the LME indicates how much the signals vary in time and the spread in magnitudes. In this article, theoretical analysis, simulations, and laboratory results were used to validate this measurement method. In-orbit measurements were performed on-board the LUME-1 satellite. Band-limited interference with pulsed temporal behaviour and a high coefficient of variation was detected over North America, Europe, and the Arctic, where space-tracking radars are located. Wide-band pulsed interference with high time variability was also detected over Europe. These measurements show why operators that use a communication system designed for Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) at power levels obtained from heatmaps struggle to command their satellites.
This book gives a thorough knowledge of cognitive radio concepts, principles, standards, spectrum policy issues and product implementation details. In addition to 16 chapters covering all the basics ...of cognitive radio, this new edition has eight brand-new chapters covering cognitive radio in multiple antenna systems, policy language and policy engine, spectrum sensing, rendezvous techniques, spectrum consumption models, protocols for adaptation, cognitive networking, and information on the latest standards, making it an indispensable resource for the RF and wireless engineer.
Today's wireless services have come a long way since the roll out of the conventional voice-centric cellular systems. The demand for wireless access in voice and high rate data multi-media ...applications has been increasing. New generation wireless communication systems are aimed at accommodating this demand through better resource management and improved transmission technologies. The interest in increasing Spectrum Access and improving Spectrum Efficiency combined with both the introduction of Software Defined Radios and the realization that machine learning can be applied to radios has created new intriguing possibilities for wireless radio researchers. This book is aimed to discuss the cognitive radio, software defined radio (SDR), and adaptive radio concepts from several aspects. Cognitive radio and cognitive networks will be investigated from a broad aspect of wireless communication system enhancement while giving special emphasis on better spectrum utilization. Applications of cognitive radio, SDR and cognitive radio architectures, spectrum efficiency and soft spectrum usage, adaptive wireless system design, measurements and awareness of various parameters including interference temperature and geo-location information are some the important topics that will be covered in this book. Cognitive Radio, Software Defined Radio and Adaptive Wireless Systems is intended to be both an introductory technology survey/tutorial for beginners and an advanced mathematical overview intended for technical professionals in the communications industry, technical managers, and researchers in both academia and industry.
Cognitive radio technology is a smarter, faster, and more efficient way to transmit information to and from fixed, mobile, other wireless communication devices. Cognitive radio builds upon ...software-defined radio technology. A cognitive radio system is 'aware' of its operating environment and automatically adjusts itself to maintain desired communications—it's like having a trained operator 'inside' the radio making constant adjustments for maximum performance. Operating frequency, power output, antenna orientation/beamwidth, modulation, and transmitter bandwidth are just a few of the operating parameters that can automatically be adjusted "on the fly? in a cognitive radio system. Fette has constructed a cutting-edge volume that hits all of the important issues including research, management, and support. Cognitive techniques will be discussed such as position and network awareness, infrastructure and physical and link layer concerns. Though still a nascent technology, cognitive radio is being pushed by the US military and for mission-critical civilian communications (such as emergency and public safety services).*The first book on a revolutionary technology that will be critical to military, emergency, and public safety communications *A multi-contributed volume written by the leaders in this exciting new area *Describes the location-determination capabilities of cognitive radio (the precise location of all units in a cognitive radio network can be determined in real time)
This book provides a practical approach to quickly learning the software-defined radio (SDR) concepts needed, and explains how to create wireless design prototypes using SDR for real-world testing ...and experimentation. It also discusses advanced wireless communication techniques such as OFDM, LTE, WLA, and hardware targeting.
By prototyping and evaluating actual digital communication systems capable of performing "over-the-air" wireless data transmission and reception, this volume helps readers attain a first-hand ...understanding of critical design trade-offs and issues. It helps professionals gain a sense of the actual "real-world" operational behavior of these systems.
Cognitive Radio for Dynamic Spectrum Accessgives a comprehensive overview of the main concepts behind radio spectrum regulation, dynamic spectrum access and cognitive radio. Spectrum measurements are ...introduced to illustrate the inefficiencies in today’s spectrum usage and the book also discusses enablers for horizontal and vertical spectrum sharing. Among others a game-theory-based approach for spectrum sharing is described and evaluated. Institution and standardisation approaches in academic research and industry are highlighted including IEEE SCC41, 802.11k/n/s/y and 802.22 which lead towards commercial exploitation of cognitive radio. In conclusion, this book looks at the initial steps towards the vision of true cognitive radio and the potential impact on telecommunication business. Introduces the benefits and challenges of cognitive radioPresents cognitive radio in research and industry and covers implications for operators from the perspective of a telecom operatorExamines how cognitive radio techniques will considerably change the wireless communication market.
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