Abstract
Background
Forums in massive open online courses (MOOCs) enable written exchanges on course content; hence, they can potentially facilitate learners' cognitive engagement. Given the myriad ...of MOOC forum messages, this engagement is commonly analysed automatically through the linguistic features of the messages. Assessing linguistic features of learners' forum messages involves consideration of the learning tasks. MOOC forum discussion tasks, however, have not been previously considered.
Objective and Method
This study explores the effects of MOOC forum discussion tasks on learners' cognitive engagement. Based on the structure of observed learning outcomes (SOLO) taxonomy, we manually annotate distinct levels of cognitive engagement encouraged in forum discussion tasks and displayed by learners in messages starting discussions (i.e., thread starters). We study the linguistic features of thread starters in relation to the pedagogical design of the discussion tasks. Additionally, we use random‐forest modelling to identify the linguistic and task‐related features that help to categorise learners' cognitive engagement according to SOLO levels.
Results
Manual analysis showed that learners' thread starters mainly reflect surface SOLO levels and include few academic words and cohesive language. Random‐forest modelling showed that these linguistic features, together with the SOLO levels encouraged in the discussion tasks, played an important role in identification of learners' cognitive engagement.
Major Takeaways
Our results highlight the importance of the pedagogical design of MOOC forum tasks in helping learners engage cognitively. Our study also contributes to the empirical evidence that learners' linguistic choices can afford insights into the quality of their cognitive engagement.
Lay Description
What is currently known about this topic
Learners' cognitive engagement in massive open online courses (MOOCs) discussion forums mostly reflects surface‐level understanding.
The distinctive linguistic features of MOOC forum messages can, to some extent, reflect the quality of learners' cognitive engagement.
What this paper adds
We analysed the linguistic features of MOOC forum messages that start a discussion (i.e., thread starters) and studied these features in relation to the pedagogical design of the forum discussion tasks.
We found that learners strove to mobilise the cognitive processes expected in the forum discussion tasks. However, in some forums, learners' engagement might not have been aligned with the intended learning outcomes of the task.
Implications for practitioners
The learning design used in MOOC discussion forums needs to inform learners explicitly about their expected cognitive contributions.
To promote higher levels of cognitive engagement, MOOC instructors need to design forum discussion tasks that help learners structure their knowledge and make explicit connections between ideas.
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