Abstract Background Waterlogging stress (WS) negatively impacts crop growth and productivity, making it important to understand crop resistance processes and discover useful WS resistance genes. In ...this study, rye cultivars and wild rye species were subjected to 12-day WS treatment, and the cultivar Secale cereale L. Imperil showed higher tolerance. Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed on this cultivar to identify differentially expressed (DE) messenger RNAs (DE-mRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (DE-lncRNAs) involved in WS response. Results Among the 6 species, Secale cereale L. Imperil showed higher tolerance than wild rye species against WS. The cultivar effectively mitigated oxidative stress, and regulated hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion. A total of 728 DE-mRNAs and 60 DE-lncRNAs were discovered. Among these, 318 DE-mRNAs and 32 DE-lncRNAs were upregulated, and 410 DE-mRNAs and 28 DE-lncRNAs were downregulated. GO enrichment analysis discovered metabolic processes, cellular processes, and single-organism processes as enriched biological processes (BP). For cellular components (CC), the enriched terms were membrane, membrane part, cell, and cell part. Enriched molecular functions (MF) terms were catalytic activity, binding, and transporter activity. LncRNA and mRNA regulatory processes were mainly related to MAPK signaling pathway-plant, plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, anthocyanin biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, ABC transporter, Cytochrome b6/f complex, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways. The signalling of ethylene-related pathways was not mainly dependent on AP2/ERF and WRKY transcription factors (TF), but on other factors. Photosynthetic activity was active, and carotenoid levels increased in rye under WS. Sphingolipids, the cytochrome b6/f complex, and glutamate are involved in rye WS response. Sucrose transportation was not significantly inhibited, and sucrose breakdown occurs in rye under WS. Conclusions This study investigated the expression levels and regulatory functions of mRNAs and lncRNAs in 12-day waterlogged rye seedlings. The findings shed light on the genes that play a significant role in rye ability to withstand WS. The findings from this study will serve as a foundation for further investigations into the mRNA and lncRNA WS responses in rye.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Ocenę podatności 766 genotypów żyta na porażenie przez rdzę brunatną (Puccinia recondita f. sp. secalis) przeprowadzono w doświadczeniu szklarniowym. Materiał do badań stanowiła kolekcja Katedry ...Genetyki, Hodowli Roślin i Nasiennictwa Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego we Wrocławiu, a genotypy pochodziły z: DANKO Hodowla Roślin sp. z o.o. (oddziały w Choryni, Laskach, Sobiejuchach), Hodowli Roślin Smolice, Poznańskiej Hodowli Roślin oraz hodowli własnej Katedry Genetyki, Hodowli Roślin i Nasiennictwa Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego we Wrocławiu. Zastosowano metodę obciętych liści na pożywce agarowo-benzimidazolowej na siewkach Park i Felsenstein 1998. Bonitacja stopnia porażenia roślin przez choroby dokonywana była w oparciu o czterostopniową skalę. Badane genotypy były istotnie statystycznie zróżnicowane pod względem stopnia porażenia rdzą brunatną. Istotne statystycznie różnice obserwowano również pomiędzy wartościami średnimi porażenia rdzą brunatną w grupach pochodzących z różnych programów hodowlanych. Największym średnim porażeniem rdzą brunatną charakteryzowały się genotypy pochodzące z Sobiejuch, natomiast najmniejszym z Wrocławia.
More than 100 Russian varieties and collection samples of winter rye were studied under the conditions of the Kirov region against the natural infectious background of the development of mycoses ...(2019-2020). The degree of damage by powdery mildew during the years of research reached 86.3 %, septoria – 63.3 %, brown rust – 40.5 %, stem rust – 60.0 %, rhynchosporiosis – 29.3 %. During plant ontogenesis (from phases 31 to 85 Zadoks scale), the growth of fungal infection in varietal biocenoses was analyzed. When accounting for diseases, well-known methods were used. The nature of plant-microbial interactions and the parameters of resistance were assessed by indicators of ADDC (area under the curve of disease development), IR (resistance index) and LP (latency period). A close relationship was established between the duration of LP and the degree of septoria infection (r = -0.98), brown rust (r = -0.95), powdery mildew (r = -0.92), stem rust (r = -0.80), rhynchosporiosis (r = -0.67). The regression equations are linear (R2 = 0.84 ... 0.96) and indicate a daily increase in diseases (from 0.52 to 0.88 %). In the course of immunological management, there have been identified about 20 varieties of Russian selection distinguished by nonspecific resistance to two or more diseases, slow (slow rusting) growth of infection in varietal biocenoses and a long latent period of pathogenesis. Among them are the varieties of the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky (Falyonskaya 4, Vyatka 2, Rushnik, Kirovskaya 89, Snezhana, Flora, Rumba), other scientific institutions of the Russian Federation (Alisa, Pamyati Bambysheva, P-01/14, GP-901 and others) and new samples from the VIR collection (Trinodis 4 Minvak – 139/09 NP, Estet NP 42/14 and others). They can be used in breeding as sources, and indicators of ADDC, IR, LP – as immunologically significant parameters of nonspecific resistance.
As a biennial plant, Secale cereale L is usually harvested in the autumn in the northern part of China where the temperature difference between day and night is of great disparity Through the pot ...experiment, the seedlings were cut to 2, 6 and 10 cm stubble height, and the simulated freeze-thaw (FT) stress (10/- 5 degreesC) was carried out after 6 days regrowth. The physiological effects of FT with different stubble height were revealed by analyzing the relative water content (RWC), osmotic adjustment substance concentration (soluble sugar and protein), membrane peroxidation (MDA) and catalase (CAT) activity. The results demonstrated that under freeze stress (- 5 degreesC), the content of soluble protein and MDA decreased and the seedlings of 2 cm treatment kept higher level of soluble protein and MDA, while the seedlings of 6 and 10 cm treatments kept higher level of the RWC, soluble sugar content, and CAT activity. After FT stress, the content of soluble sugar and protein, RWC in the 6 cm treatment were higher than those in 2 cm and 10 cm treatments, and the CAT activity in 10 cm treatment was the highest while the MDA content is lower. These data suggest that keeping high stubble height is more adaptive for short-term FT stress.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
During domestication and subsequent improvement plants were subjected to intensive positive selection for desirable traits. Identification of selection targets is important with respect to the future ...targeted broadening of diversity in breeding programmes. Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a cereal that is closely related to wheat, and it is an important crop in Central, Eastern and Northern Europe. The aim of the study was (i) to identify diverse groups of rye accessions based on high-density, genome-wide analysis of genetic diversity within a set of 478 rye accessions, covering a full spectrum of diversity within the genus, from wild accessions to inbred lines used in hybrid breeding, and (ii) to identify selective sweeps in the established groups of cultivated rye germplasm and putative candidate genes targeted by selection.
Population structure and genetic diversity analyses based on high-quality SNP (DArTseq) markers revealed the presence of three complexes in the Secale genus: S. sylvestre, S. strictum and S. cereale/vavilovii, a relatively narrow diversity of S. sylvestre, very high diversity of S. strictum, and signatures of strong positive selection in S. vavilovii. Within cultivated ryes we detected the presence of genetic clusters and the influence of improvement status on the clustering. Rye landraces represent a reservoir of variation for breeding, and especially a distinct group of landraces from Turkey should be of special interest as a source of untapped variation. Selective sweep detection in cultivated accessions identified 133 outlier positions within 13 sweep regions and 170 putative candidate genes related, among others, to response to various environmental stimuli (such as pathogens, drought, cold), plant fertility and reproduction (pollen sperm cell differentiation, pollen maturation, pollen tube growth), and plant growth and biomass production.
Our study provides valuable information for efficient management of rye germplasm collections, which can help to ensure proper safeguarding of their genetic potential and provides numerous novel candidate genes targeted by selection in cultivated rye for further functional characterisation and allelic diversity studies.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Rye (
Secale cereale
L.) is an important genetic resource for improving the disease resistance of wheat. An increasing number of rye chromosome segments have been transferred into modern wheat ...cultivars via chromatin insertions. In this study, 185 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between a wheat accession containing rye chromosomes 1RS and 3R and a wheat-breeding founder parent Chuanmai 42 from southwestern China were used to decipher the cytological and genetic effects of 1RS and 3R via fluorescence/genomic in situ hybridization and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses. Chromosome centromere breakage and fusion were detected in the RIL population. Additionally, the recombination of chromosomes 1BS and 3D from Chuanmai 42 was completely suppressed by 1RS and 3R in the RIL population. In contrast to chromosome 3D of Chuanmai 42, rye chromosome 3R was significantly associated with white seed coats and decreased yield-related traits, as revealed by QTL and single marker analyses, whereas it had no effect on stripe rust resistance. Rye chromosome 1RS did not affect yield-related traits and it increased the susceptibility of plants to stripe rust. Most of the detected QTLs that positively affected yield-related traits were from Chuanmai 42. The findings of this study suggest that the negative effects of rye-wheat substitutions or translocations, including the suppression of the pyramiding of favorable QTLs on paired wheat chromosomes from different parents and the transfer of disadvantageous alleles to filial generations, should be considered when selecting alien germplasm to enhance wheat-breeding founder parents or to breed new varieties.
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