COMMENT PEUT-ON ÊTRE LAÏQUE? Kouzehgar, Dorna
Revue économique et sociale (Lausanne),
09/2016, Letnik:
74, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Cet article reprend une partie de la couverture journalistique par la BBC d’un colloque portant sur le thème de la diversité religieuse et la façon de la gérer en entreprise, effectuée à l’attention ...de locuteurs perses. Renvoyant aux Lettres persanes de Montesquieu et à l’ironique question «Comment être persan?», une journaliste qui a naguère trouvé l’exil en Helvétie, marque l’étonnement probable d’iraniens et d’iraniennes sur la question de la laïcité.
The Starting from the 19Th centuries, the word of secularization appears, the secularization is intended to hand over power and property rights to the state church and secular foundations. And in the ...20th century, the term has developed a conceptual long, so it has meaning and significance vary. While in Indonesia the word secularization or secularism is the word 'proscribed' was to talked. In Indonesia the issue of secularization first raised in the 1970s by Nurcholish Majid and reap the pros and contra. Differences of secularization and secularism, secularization is understood as the process of release of Life is no longer dominated by the religious institution or authority of religious institutions. Secularization is also be interpreted as a separation movement or extrication themselves from the power of religious institutions in its various aspects. While secularism is as an ideology or ideologies that deny the existence of a sacred setting. The leaders agreed to the secularization and secularism modernization of Auguste Comte, for example, he announced that as a result of modernization, the people is grow beyond the "theological stage" in the evolution of social and religious at that time will be abandoned. It also resulted in the secularization of Modernization. Because the transformation is the shift in value is due to the attitude of the religious by growing who tend to adapt themselves to the structure of modern society, which is materialistic, rational and pragmatic and very demanding realization of subsistence. Positive side of secularism is as an ethical system, which teaches people to continue to improve their living standards that benefit by finding good in the world through human abilities without being bound and the reference to religion or religious doctrine that is supernatural. The downside of secularism is defined as the ideologies that reject sacred settings, resulting distrust of religion.
Most studies on nations and nationalism argue that history, or more precisely a 'common past', is crucial for the process of national identity building. However, the existence of one or more ...concurrent narratives for the construction of this identity is often not accounted for, and there are cases where the ‘common past’ or a ‘collective memory’ is no longer shared.
This book centres on the construction, elaboration and negotiation of the narratives that have become official history in India. These narratives influence politics and the representation of the nation. Depending on the chosen definition of the nation, over 160 million Muslim Indians are either included or excluded from the nation, and considered as ‘foreigners from inside’. The author shows that beyond the antagonism of two representations of history, two conceptions of the Indian nation – secular and Hindu nationalist – confronted each other during the history textbook controversy between 1998 and 2004. The diverging elements of the two discourses are underlined, and surprising similarities are uncovered. Yet, in contemporary India this convergence remains overshadowed in political debates as the definition of the political has been shaped by the opposition between these two visions of the nation. This book analyzes and questions the conception of the school textbook as a tool of national construction and more generally highlights the complexity of the link between historiography, nation-state and nation-building.
"In her concise, well-written and well-balanced book on the Indian textbook debates Guichard draws attention to aspects and dynamics beyond the simplifying dichotomy of Hindu nationalism and secularism, which have been widely neglected to date." - Tobias Delfs; Internationales Asienforum, 43 (2012).
Introduction 1. Nation, Religion and History 2. Textbooks, Teachers and Students 3. The Debate in Context 4. Enemies and Defenders 5. Perspectives and Silences 6. General. Conclusion
Sylvie Guichard received her PhD from the University of Geneva and Science Po. Paris, France. She is currently Assistant Professor in the Department of Legal History at the University of Geneva, Switzerland.
The U.S. labor force participation rate has declined since 2007, primarily because of population aging and ongoing trends that preceded the Great Recession. The labor force participation rate has ...evolved differently, and for different reasons, across demographic groups. A rise in school enrollment has largely offset declining labor force participation for young workers since the 1990s. Labor force participation has been declining for prime age men for decades, and about half of prime age men who are not in the labor force may have a serious health condition that is a barrier to working. Nearly half of prime age men who are not in the labor force take pain medication on any given day; and in nearly two-thirds of these cases, they take prescription pain medication. Labor force participation has fallen more in U.S. counties where relatively more opioid pain medication is prescribed, causing the problem of depressed labor force participation and the opioid crisis to become intertwined. The labor force participation rate has stopped rising for cohorts of women born after 1960. Prime age men who are out of the labor force report that they experience notably low levels of emotional well-being throughout their days, and that they derive relatively little meaning from their daily activities. Employed women and women not in the labor force, by contrast, report similar levels of subjective well-being; but women not in the labor force who cite a reason other than “home responsibilities” as their main reason report notably low levels of emotional well-being. During the past decade, retirements have increased by about the same amount as aggregate labor force participation has declined, and the retirement rate is expected to continue to rise. A meaningful rise in labor force participation will require a reversal in the secular trends affecting various demographic groups, and perhaps immigration reform.
Drawing on interviews with skaters on teams from all over the country in the women’s flat track roller Derby association (wftda), this article argues that roller Derby can be viewed as a secular ...alternative to religion for its participants. Following Stolz et al.’s ((Un)Believing in Modern Society: Religion, Spirituality, and Religious‐Secular Competition, Surrey, England: Ashgate Publishing, 2016) argument that social and cultural change has led to a change in the religious ‘competition’ regime which has resulted in changes to the nature of both intra‐religious competition and religious–secular competition so that religious groups now find themselves competing with secular leisure activities. This article finds support for this theory: that roller Derby functions as a secular competitor to religion in the lives of these skaters in three key ways: (1) roller Derby participants make a significant investment of time, energy, money, and physical well‐being into their sport; (2) roller Derby does, in fact, satisfy most if not all of the individual needs traditionally satisfied by religion as identified by Stolz et al(2016). ((Un)Believing in Modern Society: Religion, Spirituality, and Religious‐Secular Competition, Surrey, England: Ashgate Publishing, 2016); and, (3) participation in roller Derby does conflict with individuals’ formal religious involvement.
This volume provides new, groundbreaking views of Jewish life in various countries of the pro-Soviet bloc from the end of the Second World War until the collapse of Communism in late 1989. The ...authors, twelve leading historians and anthropologists from Europe, Israel and the United States, look at the experience of Jews under Communism by digging beyond formal state policy and instead examining the ways in which Jews creatively seized opportunities to develop and express their identities, religious and secular, even under great duress. The volume shifts the focus from Jews being objects of Communist state policy (and from anti-Jewish prejudices in Communist societies) to the agency of Jews and their creativity in Communist Europe after the Holocaust. The examination of Jewish history from a transnational vantage point challenges a dominant strand in history writing today, by showing instead the wide variety of Jewish experiences in law, traditions and institutional frameworks as conceived from one Communist country to another and even within a single country, such as Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, East Germany, and the Soviet Union. By focusing on networks across east-central Europe and beyond and on the forms of identity open to Jews in this important period, the volume begins a crucial rethinking of social and cultural life under Communist regimes.
This article examines the coordination of opposition parties in Turkey between the 2014 presidential and the 2019 local elections. To explain opposition coordination from secular, Turkish ...nationalist, pro-Kurdish, and Islamist parties, the article points out a rising democracy-authoritarianism cleavage. As Turkey became one of the most pronounced cases of democratic backsliding worldwide, this political cleavage gradually overshadowed historically rooted social cleavages and incentivized the opposition parties to coordinate in the name of fighting for democracy. The article shows that in seven electoral contests, the opposition parties coordinated in the form of nominating joint candidates, encouraging strategic voting, running a unified campaign, helping presidential candidates collect signatures, promising to support each other in the runoff, pledging to form a transitional government, transferring deputies to be on the ballot, nominating members of the smaller opposition parties under a larger party's list, not competing in certain districts against each other, and establishing an official alliance. Thanks to their extensive menu of coordination, the opposition parties challenged the ruling party's predominance, undermined its parliamentary majorities, and won local elections in key cities. The article's causal argument and findings have implications for opposition coordination in authoritarian regimes.
Spirituality is a complex concept that has different meanings for different people. Spiritual care is a fundamental aspect of nursing and attending to the spiritual needs of patients may improve ...their health outcomes. This article, the first in a series of three, explores various definitions of spirituality, and the importance of spirituality and spiritual care in healthcare settings. The second article of this series provides an in-depth exploration of the assessment of patients' spiritual care needs, and the third and final article in this short series discusses spiritual care nursing interventions.
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