El manuscrito aborda el problema de los resultados negativos que arrojan distintos indicadores sobre sexualidad y enfermedades de transmisión sexual en Chile. La comunidad LGBTIQ, género femenino, ...niños, niñas y adolescentes, por ser grupos vulnerables en materia de bienestar biopsicosocial y sexual, se ven especialmente afectados y representados por este problema y sus efectos. Las causas de base más importantes son las barreras culturales, de género y de acceso a la información. Por esto, el contar con una política de educación sexual integral (ESI) basada en estándares internacionales se propone como medio para solucionar el problema desde la raíz. El artículo analiza los factores que influyen en la implementación de la ESI como asunto público, mediante la revisión de la literatura y el estudio comparativo de los casos de Costa Rica y Chile, permitiendo inferir que el rol de los movimientos sociales feminista y LGBTIQ constituye un factor relevante.
Abstinence from sexual intercourse is an important behavioral strategy for preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and pregnancy among ...adolescents. Many adolescents, including most younger adolescents, have not initiated sexual intercourse and many sexually experienced adolescents and young adults are abstinent for varying periods of time. There is broad support for abstinence as a necessary and appropriate part of sexuality education. Controversy arises when abstinence is provided to adolescents as a sole choice and where health information on other choices is restricted or misrepresented. Although abstinence is theoretically fully effective, in actual practice abstinence often fails to protect against pregnancy and STIs. Few Americans remain abstinent until marriage; many do not or cannot marry, and most initiate sexual intercourse and other sexual behaviors as adolescents. Although abstinence is a healthy behavioral option for teens, abstinence as a sole option for adolescents is scientifically and ethically problematic. A recent emphasis on abstinence-only programs and policies appears to be undermining more comprehensive sexuality education and other government-sponsored programs. We believe that abstinence-only education programs, as defined by federal funding requirements, are morally problematic, by withholding information and promoting questionable and inaccurate opinions. Abstinence-only programs threaten fundamental human rights to health, information, and life.
Introduction HIV is the second leading cause of death among young people globally, and adolescents are the only group where HIV mortality is not declining. Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is one ...of few regions seeing rapid increase of HIV infections (31.0%) since 2001. MENA youth are at particular risk of HIV due to dearth of research and challenges in accessing services. Objective The purpose of this scoping review is to establish the epidemiological HIV risk factors and underlying risk context for youth residing in or originating from the MENA region. Methods Online database searches were conducted using combination of search terms. Screening 5,853 citations, published between 1990-2019 with age groups 16 to 29, resulted in 57 studies included across 18 MENA countries. Results 'Key populations' engage in risky behaviors, including: overlapping risky behaviors among youth who inject drugs (PWID); lack of access to HIV testing, condomless sex, and multiple sex partners among young men who have sex with men (MSM); and high and overlapping risk behaviors among young sex workers. Challenges facing other youth groups and bridging populations include: peer pressure, inhibition about discussing sexual health, lack of credible sex education sources, low condom use, and lack of access to HIV protection/prevention services, especially testing. Conclusion Poor surveillance coupled with scarcity of rigorous studies limit what is known about epidemiology of HIV among youth in MENA. Homophobia, stigma around PWID, and illegal status of sex work promote non-disclosure of risk behaviors among youth and curtail serving this population.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction: Sexual education programs are necessary for adolescents. According to the literature, adolescents find theater-based interventions more acceptable and memorable than traditional ...didactic teaching methods. Objective: This study aims to summarize all the available primary research with theater-based interventions for sexual health education to adolescents. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, studies were searched in the databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Magiran, SID, and IranDoc, which were written in English or Farsi from 2011 to 2021. Quantitative and mix-method studies with a theater-based intervention for sexual education were selected. Results: All of the 7 selected studies determined the impact of theater-based sex education on sexual activity and sexually transmitted diseases, and four studies on “psychological issues related to sexual health “or “healthy relationship” or “sexual violence.” The outcomes of the studies included increasing knowledge and self-efficacy and improving attitudes regarding sexual health, the intended age of first sex, and less risky behavior in condom usage. Also, two studies determined the appropriate method for theater-based sex education for adolescents. Conclusion: Theater is an attractive and effective method of sexual education for adolescents. It is recommended that further interventional theater-based studies on adolescents should not only emphasize the biological aspects of reproduction but also focus on acquiring healthy behaviors.
Despite a growing body of epidemiological evidence in recent years documenting the health impacts of racism, the cumulative evidence base has yet to be synthesized in a comprehensive meta-analysis ...focused specifically on racism as a determinant of health. This meta-analysis reviewed the literature focusing on the relationship between reported racism and mental and physical health outcomes. Data from 293 studies reported in 333 articles published between 1983 and 2013, and conducted predominately in the U.S., were analysed using random effects models and mean weighted effect sizes. Racism was associated with poorer mental health (negative mental health: r = -.23, 95% CI -.24,-.21, k = 227; positive mental health: r = -.13, 95% CI -.16,-.10, k = 113), including depression, anxiety, psychological stress and various other outcomes. Racism was also associated with poorer general health (r = -.13 (95% CI -.18,-.09, k = 30), and poorer physical health (r = -.09, 95% CI -.12,-.06, k = 50). Moderation effects were found for some outcomes with regard to study and exposure characteristics. Effect sizes of racism on mental health were stronger in cross-sectional compared with longitudinal data and in non-representative samples compared with representative samples. Age, sex, birthplace and education level did not moderate the effects of racism on health. Ethnicity significantly moderated the effect of racism on negative mental health and physical health: the association between racism and negative mental health was significantly stronger for Asian American and Latino(a) American participants compared with African American participants, and the association between racism and physical health was significantly stronger for Latino(a) American participants compared with African American participants. Protocol PROSPERO registration number: CRD42013005464.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The purpose of this article is to report a practical experience in School Psychology at a public school in the city of João Pessoa. It is anchored in the assumptions of Vigotski’s Historical-Cultural ...approach, considering the psychologist as a mediator of relationships and knowledge. In a perspective of preventive and institutional action, the intervention was carried out by Psychology professionals together with teachers, tutors, and school teachers, and the focus was sex education, aiming to give them other possibilities on the theme in order to enable an adequate approach to the demands of the students. Experience has shown that training with school professionals has the potential to promote new reflections and possibilities for action in the classroom. In addition, it corroborated the perspective of the role of the psychology professional as a mediator of reflections, training processes, and changes in methodologies, even though there are obstacles and difficulties in this process.
Sexual health education for young people is crucial not only for development of norms but also for protection against vulnerabilities during this stage in life. Although several systematic reviews ...have examined the effectiveness of peer-led sex education, none have focused on the extent of peer participation. The purpose of this review was to evaluate peer-led sexual health education interventions in more developed countries (MDCs). Electronic and manual searches across five social science, education, and medical databases were conducted. Fifteen articles were selected in total. Most (10 of 15) studies gave low or no responsibility to peers. The majority of articles found improvements in sexual health knowledge (13 of 14) and attitudes (11 of 15) at postintervention stages. Two studies showed improved self-efficacy, and three showed behavioral changes. A preliminary synthesis of effectiveness and level of participation was done. Meta-analysis revealed a large effect on knowledge change (Hedges' g = 0.84, 95% confidence interval CI: 0.43 to 1.25) and a medium effect on attitude change (Hedges' g = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.80). Peer-led interventions could be a powerful tool. This review shows that this approach is effective in changing knowledge and attitudes but not behaviors. Further research and action are needed to understand optimal implementation.
In recent years, the rise in sexual assault cases has led to increased emphasis on sex education. China has incorporated it into its legal framework to prevent assault among minors. This article ...delves into sex education through an interview with a Hangzhou kindergarten teacher, addressing two key questions: How is sex education implemented in Hangzhou kindergartens, and what challenges do educators face? The interview data is analyzed concerning content, methods, and influencing factors. The kindergarten employs a segmented approach with limited depth and avoids sensitive topics. A major challenge in Chinese sex education is the scarcity of resources compared to countries like the UK, the US, and Finland. Domestic kindergartens mainly use picture books, while international ones employ multimedia, peer education, and interactive tools with age-appropriate instruction. The article advocates enriching China’s sex education with diversity and scientific rigor, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive training and better parent-teacher communication to enhance effectiveness.
Sex Education in the 21st Century Strasburger, Victor C; Brown, Sarah S
JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association,
07/2014, Letnik:
312, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Limited and shrinking school budgets have shifted the focus away from sex education in schools, which is very important in the current environment. The urgent need to rethink the way in which sex ...education is imparted to young people in the current technological environment is highlighted.
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