Two important sources of inequality in mortality are regional variation and individuals' socioeconomic status. While many studies have investigated the effect that each of these two factors might ...have had on mortality levels separately, they have rarely been studied simultaneously. Using linked data from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics, we study regional levels of life expectancy and lifespan inequality by sex and educational attainment in contemporary Spain (2014–2018). In all regions, life expectancy was higher (and lifespan variation lower) for individuals with higher educational attainment and among women. We find a negative relationship between life expectancy and lifespan inequality across subnational regions among all sex‐education groups. However, the relationship is much weaker among the highly educated. These findings suggest that spatial conditions still matter as health determinants, but even more among individuals with disadvantaged socioeconomic positions, not only in terms of lower life expectancy but also of higher lifespan variation.
Abstract Discrimination against sexual and gender minorities is a persistent problem in several contexts. This article sought to investigate prejudice against sexual and gender diversity and beliefs ...about sex education among students of licenciatura (Brazilian term for a bachelor of education degree with a specialization) courses from different areas, and whether there are differences in the manifestation of these attitudes and beliefs between freshmen and seniors. Five hundred eighty university students participated in this study and the data was collected through scales to measure sexual and gender prejudice and beliefs about sex education, and through a sociodemographic characterization form. The results showed that prejudice and belief indices varied by area of study and differences were observed in the mean values of beliefs, but not in those of prejudice, between freshmen and seniors. The importance of more investments is emphasized so that undergraduate students present lower levels of this type of prejudice when completing their respective courses.
Resumo A discriminação de minorias sexuais e de gênero é um problema persistente em diversos contextos. Neste artigo buscou-se investigar preconceito contra diversidade sexual e de gênero e crenças sobre educação sexual entre estudantes de cursos de licenciatura de áreas distintas e se há diferenças nas manifestações dessas atitudes e crenças entre ingressantes e concludentes. Participaram deste estudo 580 estudantes universitários e os dados foram coletados através de escalas para medir preconceito sexual e de gênero e crenças sobre educação sexual e de uma ficha de caracterização sociodemográfica. Os resultados mostraram que os índices de preconceito e de crenças variaram por área e foram observadas diferenças nas médias de crenças, mas não nas de preconceito, entre ingressantes e concludentes. Ressalta-se a importância de que haja mais investimentos voltados à conscientização dos estudantes de graduação para que, ao concluírem seus respectivos cursos, apresentem menores níveis desse tipo de preconceito.
The sexual life of couples and their needs during pregnancy receive little attention in practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate an educational intervention delivered to pregnant couples to ...improve their sexual function and satisfaction. This quasiexperimental study was conducted on 128 couples, allocated into two groups of intervention (group A: couples, group B: pregnant women) and one control group (C). Postintervention, the mean of the total score of sexual function and satisfaction of the couples was significantly higher in the intervention groups compared with the control group (p < 0.05). It seems sexuality education specific for prenatal care would be effective.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The policy area of sexuality in Iran is affected by theoretical conflict between two major approaches. The present article seeks to present a discursive formulation of the theoretical conflicts ...between these two approaches in Iranian society. In this study, the method of Fariclough, Laclau and Mouffe is applied in a conjoined way. The results of the research indicated that the first approach, based on religious principles, follows the idea of sexual education with the focus on sexual ethics. Furthermore, it also includes various concepts, such as sexual identity, convenient and timely marriage, hijab and continence, etc, to construct the life sex of the Iranian society. Based on this approach, sexuality is studied in a network of biological and cultural components, in which sometimes confronting sexuality does not eliminate its ambiguity but instead enhances it. The second approach is inspired by the liberal literature of the international community, by emphasizing the importance of sex education with a core of knowledge and sexual awareness. Some constructed and predominated concepts in the second approach include various perceptions, such as homosexuality, casual homosexuality, and the recognition of sexual minorities, distinction between sex and gender, and the condemnation of child marriage. In confronting sexuality, disambiguation and explicitly are the most important strategies of the second discourse. The latest public debate on the two approaches was the 2030 United Nations Document.
Sex education helps in preparing adolescents to have responsible attitudes and behaviour towards sex for a harmonious sexual life. This study assessed the level of knowledge and attitude towards sex ...education among secondary school students in an urban south-western Nigeria.
The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design. Multistage sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 378 students from a population of 3674 students in public secondary schools. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire with Cronbach’ Alpha value of 0.76 was used for data collection. The approval of the study was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used for test of association among the variables at p < 0.05.
Majority of the respondents 338 (89.9%) were between age 14–17 with mean age of 16 ± 5.22 years. Majority of the respondents 309 (82.1%) had a good knowledge of sex education. More than half, 216 (57.5%) of the respondents had positive attitude towards sex education. There was a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude of the respondents towards sex education (p = 0.01). Knowledge of sex education increases as class of students increases to SS2 = (OR = 7.750; 95% CI 3.268–18.378 and SS3 = (OR = 2.219; 95% CI 1.067–4.613 respectively.
The study concluded that the respondents had good knowledge of sex education and there was a significant relationship between students’ knowledge and attitude towards sex education. There is need for awareness and effective sex education among secondary school students. Teachers and parents should create the view of improving the attitude of secondary school students towards sex education.
In Thailand, rapid increases in economic prosperity have been accompanied by erosion of traditional cultural and religious values and by negative effects on sexual health of young people. We ...investigated knowledge, attitudes, norms, and values of teenagers, parents, teachers, and policymakers in relation to sex and sex education in Chiang Mai, Thailand, with a view to informing sex education policy.
We selected six secondary schools for maximum variation in socioeconomic background, religious background, and location. Methods were: narrative interviews with key stakeholders, and analysis of key policy documents; questionnaire survey of 2301 teenagers; 20 focus groups of teenagers; questionnaire survey of 351 parents; and two focus groups of parents. Qualitative and quantitative data were assessed separately with thematic and statistical analysis, respectively, then combined.
We noted five important influences on Thai teenagers' sexual attitudes and behaviour: ambiguous social roles leading to confused identity; heightened sexual awareness and curiosity; key gaps in knowledge and life skills; limited parental input; and impulsivity and risk-taking. Male teenagers aspire to be “smart boys”, whose status depends on stories of sexual performance and conquests. Female teenagers, traditionally constrained and protected as “sweet girls”, are managing a new concept of dating without their parents' support, and with few life skills to enable them to manage their desires or negotiate in potentially coercive situations. School-based sex education is biologically focused and inconsistently delivered.
Results of this large exploratory study suggest five approaches that could be developed to improve sex education: targeted training and support for teachers; peer-led sex education by teenagers; story-based scenarios to promote applied learning; local development of educational materials; and use of trained sexual health professionals to address learning needs of pupils, teachers, and parents.
In the world today there is a perennial controversy about teaching sexual education among adolescents, as some have said teaching it is a taboo and some said teaching it will be beneficial to ...adolescents. Consequently, this causes a dilemma and confusion in the mind of some Muslim adolescents. Therefore, it is necessary to solicit information from the experts in the area of Muslim experts in the area, about their awareness of the issue of sexuality and their view on it. Hence, this study wishes to explore the appropriate ways and methods of introducing and teaching sexuality education from the Islamic perspective. Based on this, the study embarks on qualitative research where semi structured interviews were conducted on 5 Muslim scholars. The findings from the study reveal that the perception of the Muslim scholars on sex education, is greatly centred on inculcation of sexual purity attitudes, sexual modesty training, understanding limitations that exist between the opposite sexes and preparation for a fulfilling marital life. The present findings are implicated for Islamic curriculum on sexual education especially in this era of social media influx.
An abstract of a study by Cavazos-Rehg et al examining the impact of sexuality education practices on adolescent birthrate while controlling for demographic characteristics and religious/political ...factors at a state level is presented. The effects of sexuality education were constrained by state characteristics and do not independently explain the considerable variations in adolescent birthrates found across states. Their findings underscore the strong influence of state characteristics on adolescent birthrates above and beyond sexuality education, which must be considered when evaluating the efficacy of sexuality education programs.
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