The research context with the theme of the social construction of repong damar culture has been carried out in various fields of science. The research was also conducted in a variety of different ...perspectives and focus to produce different findings and theorizations. This research is considered important because it is in line with the current shift in the local culture that is currently happening a lot. In many ways, local culture is often positioned opposite the thinking of the younger generation who consider it outdated. This research was motivated by the repong damar culture that existed in Lampung's Saibatin community, Pesisir Barat District, Lampung. Resin cultivation in Lampung society Saibatin has become a hereditary practice and lasts for generations. The practice of resin which has been around for a long time eventually became a habit that was very attached to the Saibatin Lampung community. The purpose of this study was to find out how the damar cultivation practices can be formed and what kind of social construction then made the practice of resin cultivation to survive today. This study uses a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. Also, this study also uses the theory of Social Construction from Peter L. Berger. Data collection techniques used in this study were interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the study on the Social Construction of Repong Damar in Saibatin Lampung Community, Pesisir Barat District, Lampung showed that the practice of damar cultivation was formed around the beginning of the 1827s, which began with two main factors, namely after crop failure from cloves and pepper on the West Coast. Furthermore, the trigger for the emergence of this practice was also due to the actions of a trader who initially traded to Singapore while looking at market commodities that had high economic value. Upon returning the merchant to the West Coast, he recounted that gum resin had a high economic value which was sought after by traders from other countries as materials for making paints, cosmetics, and lighting. The Saibatin Lampung community then used the information and manifested the actions taken by traders by conducting large-scale resin cultivation. Subsequent developments, from the past until now several aspects make the practice of resin can continue to survive, including the existence of a process of habituation, legitimacy, and the process of socialization to the family and the environment.
We compare the liquidity that six developed countries have built into their employer-based defined contribution (DC) retirement schemes. In Germany, Singapore, and the UK, withdrawals are essentially ...banned no matter what kind of transitory income shock the household realizes. By contrast, in Canada and Australia, liquidity is state-contingent. For a middle-income household, DC accounts are completely illiquid unless annual income falls substantially, in which case DC assets become highly liquid. The US stands alone in the universally high liquidity of its DC system: whether or not income falls, the penalties for early withdrawal are low or non-existent.
Founder Succession and Accounting Properties Fan, Joseph P.H.; Wong, T.J.; Zhang, Tianyu
Contemporary accounting research,
Spring 2012 (March), Letnik:
29, Številka:
1
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Using a sample of 231 firms in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan, we examine the changes in firms' accounting practice around leadership successions -- the turnovers of chairmen. We find that the ...successions are associated with reduction in the firms' unsigned discretionary accruals and an increase in timely loss recognition. We argue that the incumbent chairmen cannot transfer most of their unique assets, such as reputation and political/social networks, to their successors, resulting in reduced relationship-based contracting post succession. This change from relationship-based to market-based contracting also shifts the firms to a less insider-based accounting system. Moreover, we find that the extent of the shift in accounting is larger in founder successions (turnovers of chairmen that are founders) than in subsequent (non-founder) successions, possibly because the loss of unique assets is more pronounced in the first succession than in subsequent successions. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
•This paper provides an in-depth review of Singapore’s wholesale electricity market while highlighting the key constraints which are imposed by Singapore’s PSO. This review offers valuable references ...as Singapore’s electricity market is well-known for its reliability and maturity.•This paper investigates the newly introduced DR program, which is Singapore’s first initiative allowing consumers actively managing their loads, with an emphasis on the program’s salient features which are designed to smoothly introduce DR into the current regulated market. This study serves as a valuable and instructive example for the market deregulation practice, and particularly to those markets intending to take the first initiative to introduce demand response.•This paper includes the detailed mathematical formulations and various case studies to clearly explain the co-optimization of the market clearing process for both energy and ancillary services.
Singapore is going to implement a demand response (DR) program to further enhance the efficiency and competitiveness of its electricity market. This paper aims to provide an in-depth investigation of this DR program which features demand side bidding and incentive payments. First, the current market clearing model (MCM) of Singapore’s existing wholesale market, which has no demand side bidding, is introduced. A mathematical model of the MCM is formulated to explain and solve the current market clearing process, where the energy and ancillary services are settled simultaneously through a form of auction pricing. Second, the mechanism of how the demand side bidding is incorporated into the current MCM is explained, with an emphasis on the demand side offer and the newly introduced constraints. A modified MCM with DR is then formulated. Third, the incentive payment mechanism intended to promote DR participation is elaborated. Numerical analysis is performed to demonstrate how the current MCM and MCM with DR work, as well as how the incentive payment is settled. Various numerical case studies are carried out to discuss the economic benefits from participating in the DR program.
This paper provides a theoretically driven discussion about the need to take the workplace, rather than social group identities, as the point of entry into studying encounters at work. Broadening the ...lens beyond these identities allows an appreciation of the multidimensional elements that constitute the workplace - this being the institutional, material, social and discursive, and how they shape everyday encounters with difference at work. This understanding is vital if we are to effectively enhance the potential of workplaces to facilitate 'meaningful' contact in cities. Drawing on two case studies of professional workplaces in Melbourne and Singapore, I illustrate how the multidimensional workplace gives rise to the performance of place-based identities that intersect with ethnicity, nationality and gender, but the salient intersections and their impacts on encounters are influenced by the context in which the workplace is situated. I thus conclude that the workplace as well as the broader place matters in how encounters play out at work. The paper therefore contributes to the existing literature on encounters at work specifically, and urban encounters more generally, by articulating the multidimensionality of the workplace and its importance in shaping everyday contact.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Lower Pb and Zn leaching for batch and column tests when seawater was used.•As, Cr, Ni, Sb and Se leached more from batch test when seawater was used.•Leaching behavior of elements in column test ...using seawater was inconsistent.•The influence of DOC on Cu leaching when using seawater requires further study.
Batch and column tests were conducted on untreated incineration bottom ash (IBA) samples from two incineration plants in Singapore, using seawater as the leachant. The main objective of this study was to investigate the change in the leaching behavior of certain elements (i.e. As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se and Zn) when IBA comes into contact with seawater. Such an investigation using seawater as leachant was not commonly carried out when investigating leaching behavior in IBA. The leaching tests were then carried out on the same IBA samples using DI water, as a comparison. Lower level of leaching was observed for Pb and Zn when seawater was used as the leachant. Cr and Sb showed significant cumulative release at Liquid-to-Solids (L/S) ratio 5 in the seawater column leaching. The influence of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) on Cu leaching seems to decrease after L/S 2 when using seawater in the column test. Although the leaching behavior of IBA was affected when seawater was used, for the column test, there was no significant difference during the initial release when compared to DI water. The initial L/S fractions collected were important as the low L/S ratios represent the pore water concentration and the maximum output in an actual application. The results from this study would be useful for the future study on using IBA in marine applications.
The 2015 smoke haze episode was one of the most severe and prolonged transboundary air pollution events ever seen in Southeast Asia (SEA), affecting the air quality of several countries within the ...region including Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. The 24 h mean outdoor PM2.5 (particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) concentrations ranged from 72-157 μg m−3 in Singapore during this episode, exceeding the WHO 24 h mean PM2.5 guidelines (25 μg m−3) several times over. The smoke haze episode not only affected ambient air quality, but also indoor air quality due to the migration of PM of different sizes from the outdoor to the indoor environment. Despite the frequent occurrence of smoke haze episodes over the years, their potential health impacts on indoor building occupants remain largely unknown in SEA due to the lack of systematic investigations and observational data. The current work was carried out in Singapore to assess human exposure to size-resolved PM during the 2015 smoke haze episode, and to evaluate the effectiveness of exposure mitigation measures in smoke-haze-impacted naturally ventilated indoor environments. The potential health risks associated with exposure to PM2.5 were assessed based on the concentrations of redox active particulate-bound trace elements, which are known to be harmful to human health, with and without exposure mitigation. Overall, it was observed that human health exposure to PM2.5 and its carcinogenic chemical components was reduced substantially by 62% (p < 0.05) while using an air cleaner. However, extremely small hazardous particles were only partially removed by the air cleaner and remain a matter of concern for public health.
This study attempts to put forward a quantitative assessment via patent-based indexes to frame the innovation dynamics of three highly acknowledged Satellite Platform regions - Singapore, Dublin and ...Penang. A Satellite Platform is generally viewed as a comparatively less sticky region hosting the operations of many different uncooperative multinationals. They faced a common dilemma, namely non-committal of MNCs in defining a local structure to generate knowledge and innovation. Nonetheless, we observed diverse intervention from different local governments to pivot away from the dilemma and compensate for the lack of patient capital from multinational firms. Divergent paths in terms of inventiveness were observed. Singapore stands out as a region obtaining indigenous patenting capabilities - achieving higher localization, de-concentration, diversification and university-industry linkage indexes. On the other hand, Dublin emerged to derive an exploitative patenting route - witnessing higher science-based linkage indexes. Meanwhile, Penang - as a region that has been focusing on upskilling its blue-collar population - is relatively behind in performance for almost all patenting indexes compared to the other two. The framing and findings of this paper contribute to theorizing the divergence of interventions for knowledge-based economic development.
Investigating singapore's altmetric landscape Erdt, Moijsola; Aw, Ashley Sara; Aung, Htet Htet ...
Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology,
2016, 2016-01-00, Letnik:
53, Številka:
1
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ABSTRACT
Altmetrics is an emerging measure for academic impact and it is gaining in global importance. In this paper, we analyse the altmetric landscape of Singapore, a young nation with a fast ...growing international research sector. We aim to find out if the coverage of altmetrics across the different disciplines is increasing along with the fast increase in the amount of research publications in recent years. We also look into how altmetrics relate to traditional citation counts as a measure of research impact. From our results, we see that there is overall an 18% coverage of altmetrics of Singapore publications from 2009 to 2013. The number of publications with available altmetric data has also been increasing over the years for most disciplines. Correlation results between citation counts and altmetrics show medium to low correlations with distinct differences amongst the various disciplines. A high coverage of altmetrics however does not seem to lead to larger correlations with citation counts. Singapore thus remains an intriguing case study to watch in the coming years.
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