Passion of Saint Ireneaus of Sirmium Rosenblum, Eugene
Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Svi͡a︡to-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. II, Istorii͡a︡, istorii͡a︡ Russkoĭ pravoslavnoĭ t͡s︡erkvi,
12/2018, Letnik:
84, Številka:
84
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This paper represents the fi rst translation into Russian of the Passion of St. Irenaeus of Sirmium which is a literary monument of Latin hagiography of Late Antiquity. St. Irenaeus had suff ered ...martyrdom in the Roman province of Pannonia Secunda during the Great Persecution. Archaeological fi nds as well as many manuscripts containing his Passion and preserved in various parts of the Christian world attest to widespread popularity of St. Irenaeus’ cult. The Passion is preserved in two ancient versions, Greek and Latin. This corresponds with the bilingualism of Pannonia, which was located on the border of the Western and Eastern parts of the Roman Empire. All subsequent translations are made on the basis of these two versions. The question about which version, Latin or Greek, is earlier, has not been solved yet. Neither the opinion about the dependence of the Greek text on the earlier Latin version (it had been dominating for two centuries), nor the opposing opinion developed in the mid- 20th century by Manlio Simonetti are convincing enough. The present translation has been made from the Latin version used according to Dolbeau’s critical edition. The Passion of St. Irenaeus of Sirmium is a literary and theologically elaborate text that goes back to the court interrogation. However, it does not contain a detailed description of the tortures, nor does it mention the miracles, typical of the later hagiographic tradition. Moreover, this text does not contain such traditional topoi as the support for the martyr by his relatives and the subsequent acquisition of his relics by Christians. This allows us to date the text to the 4th or very early 5th centuries.
As part of the Joint Australian – Serbian archaeological project
at Glac near ancient Sirmium, an archaeological survey is being
undertaken of a Study Area of a 700 km² slice of the catchment
of the ...Sava River. Two of the objectives of the survey are
to understand the environmental conditions and the nature of
the rural economy in the Study Area during the Roman period.
As part of this survey an examination has been undertaken of
existing literary, epigraphical and archaeological evidence relating
to the area in the Roman period. Consideration has been
given to the Notitia Dignitatum (“The List of Offices”) that lists
two imperial weaving houses (gynaecea) at Sirmium (modern
Sremska Mitrovica) and Bassianae (adjoining the modern village
of Donji Petrovci). The location of two imperial weaving houses
in such close proximity to each other is unprecedented, subject
to a peculiarity at Salona and Split, and has not previously been
noted. The potential implications of the existence of two imperial
weaving houses in such close proximity are considered together
with potential implications on the likely rural economy
and the environmental conditions of the area in the late Roman
period.
As part of a comprehensive archaeological survey of the area around the site
of Glac, near ancient Sirmium, a detailed examination has been undertaken of
the location of the via militaris from ...Sirmium to Bassianae in light of
previous studies and new field surveys. In locating the road, the questions
of the findspot of two Roman milestones, the location of the eastern gate of
the city of Sirmium, the nature of road way stations including mutationes,
and the likely location of the way station at Fossae mentioned in the
Bordeaux Itinerary and Ravenna Cosmology have been considered. The
implications of the road construction on the patterns of rural settlement
and economy in the Glac Study Area are highlighted.
This paper deals with the re-conservation of an old conserved unit and the
new iconographic analysis of a wall painting that was kept in the Museum of
Srem?s (Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia) storage ...depot. Experts from the
Provincial Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments started but
did not finish the reconstruction in the 1990s, which has led to its further
deterioration. Their conservation and restoration work on these fragments
were extensive and offered a wealth of extraordinary technological and
iconographic information.
As part of a comprehensive archaeological survey of the area around the site
of Glac in the north-west of Serbia, a detailed examination has been
undertaken of the pattern of the Roman roads, ...including the location of a
vicinal road that led from the eastern periphery of ancient Sirmium along
the Sava river to the Great Canal of the emperor Probus, the present-day
Jarcina channel. The context of vicinal roads in the general pattern of
Roman roads together with the implications of the road construction and
usage throughout the Roman period including changes in the settlements
pattern along its route are explored.
Roman road station Gensis Popović, Goran
Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta (1990),
2019, Letnik:
49, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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Gensis was the first road station on the Roman road Sirmium - Argentaria, which connects the capital of the province of Pannonia Inferior with rich silver mines along the middle course of the Drina ...River. According to Tabula Peutingeriana, the distance between Sirmium and Gensis was 30 Roman miles, or about 44 km, while distance Gensis - Ad Drinum was 15 Roman miles or about 22 km. A. Boué has located Gensis in the territory of modern town Loznica. However, in the territory of the town of Loznica, as well as suburban settlements, no archaeological findings have been discovered so far that would be related to the ancient period. Starting from the assumption that Gensis was the administrative vicus of the ancient mines in the lower course of the Drina River, S. Dušanić proposed that its location was in the village of Rumska, on the eastern slopes of Mount Cer. However, the position of the Rumska village in relation to Roman communication in the Drina valley leads to the conclusion that the mentioned village cannot be the location of Gensis. According to F. Kanitz, Gensis road station was located on top of the Vidojevića hill. The existence of archaeological remains at the top of Vidojevića hill indicates that a Roman settlement could be found on its slopes. In support of locating the Gensis road station on Vidojevića, the data from the Tabula Peutingeriana supports this. However, although more field reconnaissance has been carried out so far in the vicinity of Vidojevića, it is noticeable that there are no archaeological sites from the ancient period in the villages on the right side of the Drina River, nor any epigraphic and numismatic findings. In contrast, the archaeological finds of building materials, necropolises, and coins dating from the Roman period indicate that the Roman settlement was located on the left bank of the Drina River, near the town of Janja. The information we currently have is not sufficient to determine the location of the Gensis road station with certainty. However, two sites stand out as potential locations: Vidojevića Hill, east of Lešnica and Pačići, west of Janja.
This article aims to provide the comprehensive and systematic review of the doctrine of Photinus of Sirmium († 376), based on the work of Hilary of Poitiers De Trinitate composed between 358 and 360. ...Photinus error is primarily Christological. The first part of the article deals with Hilary’s interpretation of Photinus’understanding of the subject of the Incarnation according to which God the Word/the Word of God was comprehended as a part or one of God’s powers, a mere word, the expression of thought, which does not really differ from God, having no subsistence or existence, so that God is ultimately considered solitary. It is a strict Monarchianism. The second part focuses on Photinus’understanding (based on De Trinita-te) of what was “assumed” of the humanity by the Word of God for the pur-pose of Incarnation, and in which way. Two interpretations referring to Pho-tinus’understanding of the conception of Jesus Christ in Mary, attribute it supernatural causes (the Virginal conception by the non-subsistent Word) and presumably quite natural causes. For the purpose of the Incarnation, the Word of God “assumes” (“takes on”) the entire man, conceived in Mary. The “Incarnation”, as such, is accomplished by the extension of the non-subsisting Word and its in/ dwelling in that man. Based on De Trinitate, the third part deals with the effects of “the Incarnation” as it was understood by Photinus. Hilary concludes that it results in two subjects: on the one hand, it is solus communis generis homo who was born of Mary, and on the other hand, the non-subsistent Word of God that dwelt in that man. The union of the man born of Mary and the Word of God – a part of God’s powers – is reduced, by Photinus and in Hilary’s interpretation, to habitatio, temporary and accidental in/dwelling of the Word of God in the man in a manner the Spirit dwelt in prophets. The effect of the in/dwelling of the Word in a man born of Mary (or the dwelling itself) can be taken as prophetal inspiration, animation, consisting of mere external strengthening of the man and empowering him for his and Divine activity, nevertheless, man’s vital and, and as it seems operative, principle is his soul. Based on De Trinitate, Divine Sonship or filiation and “deification” of man born of Mary, according to Photinus, seems to be due to the fact that the non-subsisting Word of God – a part of God’s powers – dwells in him, inspiring or animating him by strengthening him and empowering him for divine activity. According to Hilary, Photinus denies pre-existence of the Word, that is, the Son, Christ so he cannot even be the co-Creator of the world. He becomes existent, that is, subsistent only through the Incarnation and birth of Mary. For Hilary, Photinus’ adoptionist position is clear: the man is assumed into the Son and into the God. According to Hilary, in Photinus’ doctrine there is no place for the real Incarnation of the true Son of God. Hilary’s interpretation of Photinus’ understanding of Jesus Christ, the Son, is that he is not the Word made flesh, nor he is one and the same both God and Man. For Hilary Jesus Christ or Son of God as Photinus understands him is just someone like a prophet (a man) inspired, that is empowered by a Word of God dwelling in him – by a part of God’s powers – for divine activity; ultimately, Hilary reduces him to a mere man, to a creature. The fourth part points out that opinions expressed in the scholarship – based exclusively on the Book Ten of Hilary’s De Trinitate – according to which Photinus, motivated by soteriology, insisted on the wholeness of Jesus’ humanity that is on the fact that Jesus Christ had a human soul, should be taken relatively. To conclude, on the basis of Book Ten of De Trinitate Photinus insisted on the wholeness of the humanity of Jesus Christ, that is, on his possessing of the human soul, just to the extent which he held that he was a mere man (in whom the non-subsistent Word of God dwelt as a Spirit in prophets).
Herodes Atticus (Lucius Vibullius Hipparchus Tiberius Claudius Atticus Herodes) was a sophist, benefactor, Roman senator and one of the richest men of his time. His behavior often aroused a lot of ...controversy. He was often in conflict with the Roman officials and even emperors. The aim of this paper is to present complicated relation of Herodes with part of the Athenians. The author tries to explain the reasons for distrus and even dislike of the Athenians to Herodes. The most important part of the paper is an attempt to present the circumstances that led to the famous trial in Sirmium in 174 AD.
This is a revised and supplemented version of the paper originally published as Herodes Attyk i Ateńczycy, “Klio” 2015, vol. 33 (2), pp. 3–32, DOI: 10.12775/KLIO.2015.016.
The fall of Sirmium under the Avars in 582 marks the end of a long process of weakening of imperial power on the Danube border. The Hunnic incursions of the mid-fifth century had left permanent ...economic and demographic consequences, crucial to the fate of northern possessions. The region of Pannonia Secunda, with the capital Sirmium, became the prey of Germanic populations, Ostrogoths and Gepids. By the beginning of the sixth century, Byzantium controlled only the eastern part of Syrmia with the city of Bassianae, where the Heruli were settled. The Germanic newcomers left recognisable material traces, particularly in Sirmium and Cibalae. Even in the context of depopulation and ruralisation of these centres, traces of the persisting Romans can also be observed. After the 567 Avar victory over the Gepids, the Empire managed to regain control of Sirmium; fierce battles and negotiations were to end only with the fall of the city. Judging by the archaeological record, the Avars seem not to have settled Syrmia, or Sirmium itself, on a large scale. There is numismatic, sigillographic and archaeological evidence for the period of the fall of Pannonia Secunda and for the following decades in which the Romans went on living under conditions far from ideal. In this paper we publish Byzantine lead seals, the most important of which bears the name of ???(?)??? ??? ???. By all appearances, it belonged to a diplomat dealing with the Avars between 567 and 582, although a slightly later dating is possible, as well. The well-known belt-set from Divos (?), certainly of Byzantine make, is likewise discussed in the light of diplomatic relations and tribute. We also publish a matrix for hammering out the Martynovka-type harness mounts and a belt buckle of the so-called Pannonian type. While it is not possible to conclude whether these objects belonged to the remaining Romans or not, they apparently reflect cultural affinities in Avar Syrmia and the strength of Byzantine influences.
The unusual Roman sarcophagus of green volcaniclastic rock that was found in
Titel, a small town in Vojvodina (SRB), and is now kept in the Muzeul
National al Banatului, in Timi?oara (RO), caused ...considerable unease among
scholars in the past as it could not be convincingly connected with any of
the productions in Pannonia and Moesia Superior. Only Silvio Ferri, albeit a
long time ago, correctly identified its connection with the sarcophagus
production in Sirmium and with the sarcophagus of Asclepiodota in
particular, made of Dardagani limestone. Sarcophagi of volcaniclastic rock
have only been recorded in the region of Srem and its immediate vicinity,
and were all produced in Sirmium. The material most likely arrived there
from the south, quarried near the village of Rajici, ca 25 km west of
Domavia, in the valley of the River Drina. The structure and decoration of
the sarcophagus from Titel reveal it as essentially the type produced by the
workshops at Salona using models from Prokonessos. Having said that, its
decorative details reveal a more complex picture. The decoration of narrow
strips of plant motifs indicates a close relationship between the
sarcophagus workshops at Sirmium and the workshops active in the middle and
upper valley of the River Drina with its tributaries, with the centre at
Skelani (municipium Malvesiatium), which, in turn, had close ties with the
Salona production. The use of the Norico-Pannonian volute of Type 6 (after
Pochmarski) on the inscription panel frame of the sarcophagus from Titel
shows another area of influence - the travertine sarcophagus production of
Aquincum - on the appearance of the sarcophagi from Sirmium that freely use
these motifs (including Type 7) to form the frames of the inscription and
figural panels. Available evidence clearly shows that the sarcophagus from
Titel can be attributed to the Sirmium sarcophagus production of the 3rd
century, more precisely its second half.
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