The median split: Robust, refined, and revived Iacobucci, Dawn; Posavac, Steven S.; Kardes, Frank R. ...
Journal of consumer psychology,
October 2015, Letnik:
25, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In this rebuttal, we discuss the comments of Rucker, McShane, and Preacher (2015) and McClelland, Lynch, Irwin, Spiller, and Fitzsimons (2015). Both commentaries raise interesting points, and ...although both teams clearly put a lot of work into their papers, the bottom line is this: our research sets the record straight that median splits are perfectly acceptable to use when independent variables are uncorrelated. The commentaries do a good job of furthering the discussion to help readers better develop their own preferences, which was the purpose of our paper. In the final analysis, neither of the commentaries pose any threat to our findings of the statistical robustness and valid use of median splits, and accordingly we can reassure researchers (and reviewers and journal editors) that they can be confident that when independent variables are uncorrelated, it is totally acceptable to conduct median split analyses.
Abstract An unfavourable and unanticipated pattern of the mandibular sagittal split osteotomy is generally referred to as a ‘bad split’. Few restorative techniques to manage the situation have been ...described. In this article, a classification of reported bad split pattern types is proposed and appropriate salvage procedures to manage the different types of undesired fracture are presented. A systematic review was undertaken, yielding a total of 33 studies published between 1971 and 2015. These reported a total of 458 cases of bad splits among 19,527 sagittal ramus osteotomies in 10,271 patients. The total reported incidence of bad split was 2.3% of sagittal splits. The most frequently encountered were buccal plate fractures of the proximal segment (types 1A–F) and lingual fractures of the distal segment (types 2A and 2B). Coronoid fractures (type 3) and condylar neck fractures (type 4) have seldom been reported. The various types of bad split may require different salvage approaches.
On split common fixed point problems Kraikaew, Rapeepan; Saejung, Satit
Journal of mathematical analysis and applications,
07/2014, Letnik:
415, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Based on the convergence theorem recently proved by the second author, we modify the iterative scheme studied by Moudafi for quasi-nonexpansive operators to obtain strong convergence to a solution of ...the split common fixed point problem. It is noted that Moudafi's original scheme can conclude only weak convergence. As a consequence, we obtain strong convergence theorems for split variational inequality problems for Lipschitz continuous and monotone operators, split common null point problems for maximal monotone operators, and Moudafi's split feasibility problem.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease and has emerged among the disorders with the largest increasing incidence in Western countries. Although the diagnosis is ...based on clinical grounds, electromyography (EMG), and nerve conduction studies (NCS) play a crucial role to exclude other potential etiologies of lower motor neuron (LMN) dysfunction. Based on clinical grounds, a peculiar pattern of dissociated atrophy of the intrinsic hand and foot muscles, termed the "split-hand" (SH) and "split-leg" (SL) signs, has been described in a significant proportion of subjects with ALS, even at the early stages of the disease, when symptoms are focal. These signs are rare in neurological and non-neurological diseases other than ALS. In this review, we discussed current evidences concerning SH and SL signs, their pathogenetic hypotheses and neurophysiological findings. We also analyze whether SH and SL signs can be reliable markers in the differential diagnosis and in the prognosis of ALS.
Objectives
This study aimed to analyse the changes in soft tissue and hard tissue stability associated with the split pattern, i.e. long split (LS) or short split (SS), after sagittal split ...osteotomy.
Materials and methods
Patients who underwent sagittal split ramus osteotomy were classified into LS or SS groups according to postoperative computed tomography images. They were examined via lateral cephalography and three-dimensional (3D) optical scanning before surgery (T0) and 1 (T1), 3 (T2), and 12 (T3) months after surgery. Six standard angles (SNA, SNB, ANB, FMA, FMIA, and IMPA) were used as measures of hard tissue change. The two sets of 3D data were superimposed, and the volumetric differences were calculated as the soft tissue change. The areas evaluated were delimited by 10 × 20-mm rectangles in the frontal aspect and a 25 × 25-mm square in the lateral aspect.
Results
A total of 42 sides (26 patients) were analysed, including 20 (16 patients) in the SS group and 22 (16 patients) in the LS group. We found no significant differences in cephalographic angle or soft tissue changes in the frontal aspect between the SS and LS groups. We found significant differences in the subauricular region from T0–T1 (
p
= 0.02), T0–T2 (
p
= 0.03), and T0–T3 (
p
= 0.037) in terms of soft tissue changes in the lateral aspect. The volume increase associated with posterior mandibular movement was greater in the LS group.
Conclusions
We found that LS patients with mandibular prognathism exhibited increased subauricular volumes following mandibular setback.
Clinical relevance
It is essential to predict the postoperative facial profile before surgery. The split pattern after sagittal split osteotomy affects the postoperative profile of patients with mandibular prognathism.
Objective
To examine the sensitivity of split‐sample reliability estimates to the random split of the data and propose alternative methods for improving the stability of the split‐sample method.
Data ...Sources and Study Setting
Data were simulated to reflect a variety of real‐world quality measure distributions and scenarios. There is no date range to report as the data are simulated.
Study Design
Simulation studies of split‐sample reliability estimation were conducted under varying practical scenarios.
Data Collection/Extraction Methods
All data were simulated using functions in R.
Principal Findings
Single split‐sample reliability estimates can be very dependent on the random split of the data, especially in low sample size and low variability settings. Averaging split‐sample estimates over many splits of the data can yield a more stable reliability estimate.
Conclusions
Measure developers and evaluators using the split‐sample reliability method should average a series of reliability estimates calculated from many resamples of the data without replacement to obtain a more stable reliability estimate.
The use of biochar is expected to improve soil fertility and close nutrient cycles in degraded strongly weathered tropical soils. We, therefore, hypothesized that biochar amendment to tree ...plantations (a) increases nutrient fluxes with litterfall alone and with mineral fertilizer plus lime and (b) reduces N losses reflected by lower δ15N values of litterfall and soils than in unamended controls. We grew the native leguminous Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Ducke) Barneby and the exotic Gmelina arborea Roxb at two sites. We used a replicated full factorial split–split plot design of amendment of mineral fertilizer plus lime, 3 and 6 t ha−1 biochar, and a control. We collected litterfall biweekly (2012–2013) and topsoil samples (0–0.25 m) in 2009 before tree planting, in 2011 and 2013. Fertilizer plus lime increased the mean annual concentrations of P, Ca and Zn in litterfall but decreased that of Mn. At the same time, fertilizer plus lime increased the annual fluxes of nutrients, Na and Al with litterfall. During the dry season, biochar decreased the N concentration in litterfall and the K flux with litterfall. During the rainy season, biochar increased the concentrations of Ca and Zn in litterfall and their fluxes with litterfall. Biochar did not influence the δ15N values of soil and litterfall after 51 months of tree growth. Fertilizer plus lime decreased the δ15N values of soil, because of the lower δ15N value of the used urea (−0.30‰) than the soil (4.5‰–7.8‰). Moreover, fertilizer plus lime increased the δ15N values of litterfall, possibly because of enhanced 14N leaching from the N‐rich canopies. The amendment of up to 6 t ha−1 biochar did not contribute to close nutrient cycles.
Background
In Japan, a recent gradual increase in deceased donor donation has expanded opportunities for pediatric patients to obtain deceased grafts.
Methods
Forty‐three children underwent deceased ...donor liver transplantation (DDLT) at our institute before February 2020. Twenty‐five patients received a split or reduced graft and 18 patients received a whole graft. The clinical outcomes of DDLT were retrospectively analyzed.
Results
The main organ resource was split/reduced grafts retrieved from adult donors; however, the number of whole grafts retrieved from pediatric donors has increased. The rates of major complications were similar in the two groups. The 5‐year graft survival rate of patients who received a split/reduced graft (78.0%) was lower than that of patients who received a whole graft (88.9%; P = .40). The 3‐year graft survival rates of patients who recently received a split/reduced graft and a whole graft improved to 92.3% and 91.7%, respectively.
Conclusions
The recent amendment of the organ allocation system, especially the introduction of pediatric prioritization, can effectively increase the chance to obtain deceased donor grafts for pediatric DDLT in Japan. The recent refinements in donor and recipient selection and in the surgical technique of split DDLT can improve the outcomes of pediatric DDLT in Japan.
Highlight
Sakamoto and colleagues retrospectively analyzed pediatric deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) at Japan’s largest pediatric liver transplant center. Pediatric prioritization has increased the chance to obtain deceased donor grafts, and refinements in donor and recipient selection and in the split DDLT technique can improve the outcomes of pediatric DDLT in Japan.
Abstract An unfavourable and unanticipated pattern of the bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) is generally referred to as a ‘bad split’. Patient factors predictive of a bad split reported in ...the literature are controversial. Suggested risk factors are reviewed in this article. A systematic review was undertaken, yielding a total of 30 studies published between 1971 and 2015 reporting the incidence of bad split and patient age, and/or surgical technique employed, and/or the presence of third molars. These included 22 retrospective cohort studies, six prospective cohort studies, one matched-pair analysis, and one case series. Spearman's rank correlation showed a statistically significant but weak correlation between increasing average age and increasing occurrence of bad splits in 18 studies ( ρ = 0.229; P < 0.01). No comparative studies were found that assessed the incidence of bad split among the different splitting techniques. A meta-analysis pooling the effect sizes of seven cohort studies showed no significant difference in the incidence of bad split between cohorts of patients with third molars present and concomitantly removed during surgery, and patients in whom third molars were removed at least 6 months preoperatively (odds ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval 0.73–1.85, Z = 0.64, P = 0.52). In summary, there is no robust evidence to date to show that any risk factor influences the incidence of bad split.
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