This article reconsiders the Swedish filmmaker Gösta Werner's experimental short film The Sacrifice (Midvinterblot, 1945) and places its production history in an ideological context. In this case ...study, the article shows that The Sacrifice, which depicts gruesome old Norse pagan rituals of sacrifice, threw light on the director's collaboration with the Nazi controlled German film company Universum Film AG (UFA) in the production of propaganda newsreels and that the film evoked a debate on the representation of violence in the aftermath of World War II. While some critics accused The Sacrifice of being influenced by 'Blut und Boden' and other elements of Nazi ideology others praised the film for its formal innovations and it was named the Swedish short film of the year. Tracing how these practices affected the authorial discourse surrounding Werner during and after the war, the article raises questions not only concerning how other media practitioners handled this chapter of his life, but also how he himself treated the war years in the construction of his own biographical legend.
The Selenga River Basin (Mongolia and Russia) has suffered from heavy metal contamination by placer gold mining and urban activities in recent decades. The objectives of this study were to provide ...the first distribution data of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and humic substances (HS) in this data-scarce region, and to investigate their association with dissolved and colloidal metals. Two sampling campaigns were conducted in August of 2013 and 2014. A constant proportion of HS (%HS; coefficient of variation of 2%) was observed from the headwater of Tuul River to the end of the delta before Lake Baikal, spanning > 1000 km in distance. The relationships were determined as HS = 0.643 × DOM (
R
2
= 0.996,
P
< 0.001), and this value (%HS = 64.3) is recommended as an input parameter for metal speciation modeling based on samples collected from the rivers. The DOM and metal (Al and Fe) concentrations in samples doubled through the Zaamar Goldfield mining area, but the influence was mitigated by mixing with the larger Orkhon River, which has better water quality. Metals were mainly present as colloids and had a strong positive correlation with DOM (Al
r
= 0.81,
P
< 0.01; Fe
r
= 0.61,
P
< 0.01), suggesting that DOM sustains colloidal Al and Fe in solution and they are co-transported in the Selenga River Basin. Land use changes affect water quality and metal speciation and therefore have major implications for the fate of metals.
Following World War II, the director of the social sciences division at the Rockefeller Foundation, the industrial economist Joseph H. Willits, thought it important to extend its activities to ...Europe, especially France. His agenda was to strengthen institutional economics and to create modern research centers with a view to stabilizing the political situation. In the postwar decade, almost all economic research centers in France were funded by the Foundation, which helped provide greater autonomy to French economists within academia but failed to reshape French economic training and research.
The resolution and sensitivity of water-borne boat-towed multi-frequency radio-magnetotelluric (RMT) data for delineating zones of weaknesses in bedrock are examined in this study. 2D modeling of RMT ...data along 40 profiles in joint transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) as well as determinant mode was used for this purpose. The RMT data were acquired over two water passages from the Lake Mälaren near the city of Stockholm where one of the largest underground infrastructure projects, a multi-lane tunnel, in Europe is currently being developed. Comparison with available borehole coring, refraction seismic and bathymetric data was used to scrutinize the RMT resistivity models. A low-resistivity zone observed in the middle of all the profiles is suggested to be from fracture/fault zones striking in the same direction as the water passages. Drilling observations confirm the presence of brittle structures in the bedrock, which manifest themselves as zones of low-resistivity and low-velocity in the RMT and refraction seismic data, respectively. Nevertheless, RMT is an inductive electromagnetic method hence the presence of conductive lake sediments may shield detecting the underlying fractured bedrock. The loss of resolution at depth implies that the structures within the bedrock under the lake sediments cannot reliably be delineated. To support this, a synthetic data analysis was carried out providing useful information on how to improve and plan the lake measurements for future studies. Synthetic modeling results for example suggested that frequencies as low as 3kHz would be required to reliably resolve the bedrock and fracture zone within it in the study area. The modeling further illustrated the advantage of a fresh water layer that acts as a near-surface homogeneous medium eliminating the static shift effects. While boat-towed RMT data provided substantial information about the subsurface geology, the acquisition system should be upgraded to enable controlled-source data acquisition to increase the penetration depth and to overcome the shortcomings of using only radio-frequencies.
•Boat towed RMT data is scrutinized to study its resolution and sensitivity.•Advantage and drawbacks of having a shallow water column are highlighted.•Comparison of RMT data with borehole information and seismic refraction results•Lack of penetration depth is the major concern related to boat towed RMT method.•Synthetic analysis to highlight the necessary improvement required for future
► Zero waste cities include a 100% recycling rate and recovery of all resources. ► Transforming current over-consuming cities into zero waste cities is challenging. ► A 100% diversion is not ...necessarily refer to a zero waste management systems. ► Strategies based on tools, systems and technologies can assist cities. ► Strategies must be affordable, practicable and effective within regulatory framework.
Today, many developed cities such as Stockholm, and Adelaide are aiming to transform their current waste management practice into a more efficient and sustainable way, called zero waste practice. Increasingly people move from rural to urban environments due to the economic activities and quality of life provided to inhabitants, causing cities to expand. Over-crowded cities are compromising the quality of urban life due to their rapid growth and ever-increasing generation of waste. The concept of the “zero waste city” includes a 100% recycling rate and recovery of all resources from waste materials. However, transforming current over-consuming cities to zero waste cities is challenging. Therefore, this study aims to understand the key drivers of waste management and the challenges, threats, and opportunities in transforming traditional waste streams and optimizing practices toward zero waste practices. Part of this study is an in-depth case analysis of waste management systems in two cities, Adelaide and Stockholm. Cities from high consuming countries, such as Australia and Sweden, have been analyzed based on five waste management contexts: social, economic, political, technological, and environmental. In addition, key drivers are identified. Both Adelaide and Stockholm have the vision to become “zero waste cities”. The study concludes that strategies based on tools, systems, and technologies can assist cities in their transformation into “zero waste cities”; however, they must also be affordable, practicable, and effective within their local regulatory framework.
Louise Sommer (1889-1964) Hagemann, Harald
OEconomia,
09/2022, Letnik:
12, Številka:
12-3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The essay discusses life and work of Louise Sommer (1889-1964) who was one of the first women economists from Vienna, where Carl Grünberg and Karl Pribram were her major teachers. Sommer’s most ...outstanding contribution was her comprehensive and innovative study on Austrian cameralism which has recently attracted new interest by leading specialists in the field (Magnusson, 2021). Emphasis is therefore on a more detailed analysis of her most lasting publication but also on other fields to which she contributed, such as trade policy and economic methodology, and on her role as an international mediator in economics due to her enormous language skills.
This paper situates the work of the first Dutch female economist Elizabeth (Lizzy) van Dorp on the women’s question within her broader economic and social views and it details her struggles to obtain ...a respected position within the economics profession in the first decades of the twentieth century. Van Dorp was one of the first female PhD’s in the Netherlands, she graduated in law in 1903. From 1920 onwards she worked as an economist and corresponded with the major economists of her age such as Carl Menger, Ludwig von Mises, Edwin Cannan, John Maynard Keynes, and Frank Knight. During the first decade of her professional career, she campaigned for the right to vote for women and published on the right of (married) women to work. Van Dorp was a classical liberal, in line with the then dominant Austrian approach to economics, but despite these convictions she opposed the right for married women to work. We analyze this tension in her work by situating her early work in the feminism of the age, including her falling out with the more radical feminist Aletta Jacobs. We demonstrate that despite the Austrian policy views on monetary and trade matters, Van Dorp’s work is marked by her Christian, more precisely Remonstrant, ideals and the upper bourgeois milieu in which she grew up. We argue that her religious ideals and personal outlook made her prioritize personal freedom and ethical development in the private sphere over political and economic rights in the public sphere.
•Stockholm’s Hammarby Sjöstad and Stockholm Royal Seaport were studied.•A mixed-methods approach measured the impacts of eco-districts for cleantech firms.•Eco-district development in Stockholm has ...supported regional cleantech growth.•Collaborative initiatives led by the City in each project promote innovation.•Monitoring the firm-level impact of urban development projects is recommended.
In cities around the world, achieving greater environmental sustainability is increasingly accompanied by economic motivations. This is illustrated in Stockholm, Sweden, Europe’s first Green Capital (2010), where an important aspect of the city’s contemporary environmental success has been the development and promotion of flagship eco-district projects. Packaging the environmental sustainability and marketability of these development projects has been part of a concerted strategy in Stockholm, one shared by numerous cities around the world. But to what extent can eco-districts contribute to economic growth? Despite implicit policy motivation, a concise approach to connecting and measuring these issues has yet to be established. Based on an examination of two eco-district developments, this paper combines a qualitative commentary consisting of company-specific interviews with and analysis of productivity of regional cleantech firms in an effort to verify the connection between Stockholm’s eco-districts and the growth of its cleantech sector. Through this mixed methods approach, promising opportunities to assess the economic impact that eco-districts can have on local eco-innovation sectors have emerged. This type of information can be used to support wider public initiatives in eco-district projects.
The menace caused by plastic waste is one of the biggest challenges the world is facing today. It is established that plastic pollution and its accumulation in the world ocean is one of the greatest ...threats exacerbating all three planetary existential threats identified by the UN. The presence of plastic pollutants in the marine environment is due to its transboundary and cross-continental movement. Therefore, after five decades of the Stockholm conference, it seems necessary to explore how far the principles and objectives of the Stockholm Declaration can be utilized to accommodate the rising concerns and to address the existing environmental crises, including the plastic pollution. There is a need to develop a cooperative scheme that enables the international community of States to come together and find a solution using the expertise of the Basel Convention. Such an initiative –a sort of alliance of states, both members and non-member States to the Convention - could also pave the way for similar collaboration among States to tackle the issues associated with plastic and other forms of pollution.
This article envisions the future of the Third Pole Region (TPR) considering the principles and mechanisms for a regional alliance among the countries sharing the Third Pole environment. The TPR ...comprises the largest and the highest mountain ranges on earth connecting 12 countries. Often referred to as the “Water Tower of Asia” it is the headwater of 10 major Asian rivers that provides water to over 1.4 billion people downstream. The Third Pole environment is rapidly changing – changes driven by both climate and anthropogenic influence. Impact of the increased greenhouse gas emissions is considered to be more serious in the Third Pole than any other place in the world. The rapidly changing climate and its impacts on TPR environment means cascading changes in snow, water, air, land, biodiversity, and people not just in the TPR but also in the adjacent river basins and landscapes. Such transboundary implications demand attention going beyond country led climate action. It demands collaborative science interventions to develop a thorough understanding of climate trends and projections, drivers of changes, depth of consequences, but importantly harmonization of laws and policies to navigate the cost of impact and inactions for the entire region. The prospective “Third Pole Alliance” regional cooperation framework outlined here provides an institutional justification and governance set up to harmonize actions of 12 countries sharing the TPR. The alliance is going to be crucial if we are to regulate development oriented anthropogenic influences, streamline global, regional and local investments for collective climate action, and contribute to keeping the target of 1.5°C – the target which is already too high for the TPR.
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