Straipsnyje aprašomi lietuvių meninių tekstų deminutyvai, jų kiekybinis pasiskirstymas, reikšmių įvairovė ir vertimo į prancūzų kalbą strategijos. Intralingvistinę ir kultūrinę reikšmę turintys ...mikrostruktūriniai tekstų vienetai – deminutyvai, laikomi išskirtiniu stilistiniu lietuvių meninių tekstų požymiu, padedančiu perteikti tekstų lyrizmą, emocionalumą, tarpasmeninius ryšius, emocinę pasaulio pajautą. Tiriamąją medžiagą sudaro lietuvių autorių (R. Granausko, R. Gavelio, A. Landsbergio, J. Kunčino, V. Juknaitės ir kt.) novelės ir jų vertimai į prancūzų kalbą, publikuoti 2003 metų lietuvių novelių vertimų antologijoje „Des âmes dans le brouillard“ ir 2000–2012 metais Prancūzijoje išleistuose lietuvių kultūros leidinio „Cahiers Lituaniens“ numeriuose. Paskutiniųjų dvylikos metų vertimų į prancūzų kalbą analizės rezultatai leidžia tvirtinti, kad deminutyvų vertimas nėra vien kalbinis veiksmas, bet sociokultūrinio konteksto, ekstralingvistinių ir lingvistinių situacijų determinuota kultūrinė ir kalbinė transpozicija, kurią vertėjai realizuoja taikydami gramatines, semantines ir pragmatines vertimo strategijas. Šių strategijų analizė atskleidžia gimtakalbių prancūzų vertėjų kūrybinius ir kai kuriuos neapdairius sprendimus, o patį vertimą leidžia traktuoti kaip daugiasluoksnį hierarchinį procesą.
U radu se procjenjuju kretanja u hrvatskoj industrijskoj bazi obrane (IBO) iz perspektive ekonomske politike. Analizom postojećih policy i strateških dokumenata procjenjuju se potencijali i prepreke ...hrvatskoj IBO da postane koristan za cjelokupno hrvatsko gospodarstvo i relevantni dobavljač za nacionalnu obranu. Rezultat pokazuje da se IBO u Republici Hrvatskoj ne razvija niti održava u okviru formalnog okvira policy i strateških dokumenata. Međutim, sustavni pristup utemeljen Strategijom pametne specijalizacije pruža široki okvir za inicijative i prakse koji imaju za cilj osigurati održivost i rast tvrtki koje čine hrvatsku IBO.
Cilj je ovoga rada istražiti može li se strategija‘Pivot’ to Asia smatrati novom američkom velikom strategijom. Velika strategija noviji je pojam kojim se pokušava objasniti šira strateška slika ...djelovanja velikih sila. Obamina administracija naglasak je stavila na azijsko-pacifičku regiju, pa je cilj rada objasniti je li takav strateški zaokret nova američka velika strategija. Za potrebe rada prvo se analiziralo što je to velika strategija i koji su američki nacionalni interesi. Na temelju elemenata velike strategije analizirala se strategija ‘pivota’. Zaključilo se da ‘Pivot’ to Asia nije nova američka velika strategija. Utvrdilo se da SAD nema novi nacionalni interes. On je konstanta u američkom vanjskopolitičkom djelovanju. Analiza je pokazala da elementi ‘pivota’nisu u cijelosti implementirani i da se strategija‘Pivot’ to Asia može smatrati dijelom stalne strategije offshore balansiranja prema ključnim regijama svijeta kako bi se održavala ravnoteža snaga
Straipsnyje aptariamos lošimų teorijos svarbiausios sąvokos – nulinės sumos lošimas, dviejų lošėjų nenulinės sumos lošimas, paprastoji ir kartojama kalinio dilema, Pareto optimumas, von Neumanno ...minimakso teorema, evoliuciškai stabili strategija. Lošimų teorija apibrėžiama kaip konflikto, konkurencijos bei bendradarbiavimo situacijų (lošimų) loginė analizė. Dviejų lošėjų nenulinės sumos situacijoje pagrindinė iškylanti problema yra atsiradimas pusiausvyrų, kurios nepavaldžios Pareto optimumui. Gryniausia tokios dilemos forma yra kalinio dilema, konflikto tarp individualaus ir kolektyvinio racionalumo kvintesencija ir žmogiškąją elgseną persmelkiantis bendravimo įvaizdis. Von Neumanno minimakso teorema teigia, kad lošėjai turėtų pasirinkti savo optimalias grynas arba mišrias strategijas ir šitaip gauti lošimo vertę (skaičių v). Lošimų teorija randa atsakymus bent jau paprastiems lošimams ir supaprastina jais aprašomus pasaulio įvykius, pašalina dubliavimą, abipusiai nenaudingas strategijas, laikydamasi nuostatos, kad sprendimas iš principo gali būti surastas.
We investigated early spontaneous colonisation patterns during semi-dry grassland restoration at two sites in SE Austria. The sites were left to regenerate passively without addition of plant ...propagules on a former arable field and an apple orchard. The sites were prepared only by ploughing (arable field) or clear cutting (apple orchard) and subsequently mowed annually. We studied whether, four years after project initiation, target species from adjacent semi-dry grasslands had established at the restored sites. We asked: 1) Does passive restoration lead to the establishment of target species? 2) Do abiotic parameters or distance to reference sites explain early colonisation patterns? 3) Do plant traits predict the colonisation success of different species? At each site, we collected data in 4 m × 4 m plots, in which we sampled the vegetation, analysed abiotic parameters (soil potassium- and phosphorus-content, soil-pH, slope) and recorded the minimum distance to the reference site. We tested for correlations between abiotic variables, plant traits and colonisation success. Colonisation patterns were not driven by abiotic soil conditions but rather by nearest distance to the reference sites. In addition, the vegetation developed differently in the former arable field and the apple orchard. Competitive species of the Arrhenatherion and thermophilic ruderal associations dominated the early restoration stage at both sites. Passive restoration of semi-dry grasslands on former agricultural land is unlikely to succeed unless complemented by initial ploughing, nutrient stripping and addition of propagules of rare species.
Preučevali smo vzorce zgodnje naselitve vrst med obnovo polsuhih travišč na dveh lokacijah v jugovzhodni Avstriji. Travišča smo prepustili pasivni obnovi brez vnosa propagul na nekdanjo obdelano površino in sadovnjak jablan. Obe površini smo predhodno obdelali tako, da smo polje preorali, sadovnjak pa posekali in nato kosili vsako leto. Po štirih letih od začetka projekta smo spremljali, ali se na obnovljenih površinah pojavljajo tarčne vrste s sosednjih polsuhih travišč. Zanimalo nas je: 1) Ali pasivna obnova omogoča naselitev tarčnih vrst? 2) Ali lahko z abiotskimi dejavniki ali oddaljenostjo ciljnega travišča razložimo vzorce zgodnje naselitve? 3) Ali lahko z rastlinskimi znaki napovemo uspešnost naselitve različnih vrst? Na vsaki lokaciji smo postavili poskusne ploskve 4 m × 4 m, kjer smo vzorčili vegetacijo, abiotske dejavnike (vsebost kalija in fosforja v tleh, pH tal, naklon) in izmerili minimalno oddaljenost od ciljnega travišča. Testirali smo korelacijo med abiotskimi dejavniki, rastlinskimi znaki in uspešnostjo naselitve vrst. Vzorci kolonizacije so bolj odvisni od bližine ciljnega travišča kot pa od abiotskih dejavnikov tal, poleg tega se je vegetacija razvijala drugače na nekdanji njivi kot v sadovnjaku. Na obeh rastiščih so v zgodnjih fazah obnove prevladovale konkurenčno uspešnejše vrste zveze Arrhenatherion in termofilnih ruderalnih združb. Pasivna obnova polsuhih travišč na nekdanjih obdelovanih površinah bo verjetno neuspešna brez predhodnega oranja, odstranjevanja hranil in dodajanja propagul redkih vrst
In recent years, Iran’s government has emphasized the development of nanotechnology-based industry, so many Iranian companies have gravitated to this subject, or some new companies have established ...on nanotechnology fields such as nano-composite products. Technology strategy (TS) is one of the most important aspects of any firm’s strategic posture especially in dynamic environments; therefore this research is focused on adjusting a dynamic model of technology strategy development for Iranian nano-composite companies’ conditions. This article spots four key environmental moderators (Iran as a developing country, high nanotechnology, nano-composite companies, and information availability) which affect Chiesa’s dynamic model for technology strategy, and investigates these moderators’ effects on the dynamic model’s indicators. The results show that 22 indicators of Chiesa’s model have changed for this case.
Two critical decisions faced by bidders in competitive bidding include, firstly, whether or not to submit a bid, and secondly (if the answer to the first is 'yes') what markup value should be used on ...the submitted bid. In the construction industry, government agencies and private sector clients typically adopt competitive bidding to determine contract awards. Contractors also apply the same approach to bidding decisions. There are many variables that affect contractor decisions regarding whether to bid and the markup scale, which complicate the bidding decision process. This study proposes a Multi-Criteria Prospect Model for Bidding Decision (BD-MCPM) to assist contractors to make decisions on bid/no bid and markup scale. Key factors of influence that impact bidding decisions were identified first. Second, Fuzzy Preference Relations (FPR) was employed to assess factor weights and determine bid/no bid. Finally, if a decision to bid is given, then the Multi-Criteria Prospect Model (MCPM), which links Fuzzy Preference Relations (FPR) and Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT), is deployed to determine the markup scale that best conforms to primary decision maker (PDM) preferences. The applicability of this model was demonstrated in a real case study.
Suvremeno poslovanje pred poduzeća postavlja brojne izazove pri ostvarenju definiranih ciljeva i uspješnih poslovnih rezultata, poštujući temeljne društvene i moralne vrijednosti te vodeći brigu o ...dobrobiti zajednice. Sve veći broj poduzeća, shvaća da je u poslovnu strategiju potrebno ugraditi brigu o društvu i životnoj sredini, što je svojevrsno ulaganje u konkurentsku prednost i postizanje efikasnog poslovanja poduzeća s ciljem poboljšanja dobrobiti društva u cjelini. Uspješna i ugledna poduzeća svoje poslovanje više ne temelje isključivo na stjecanju maksimalne dobiti već u strategije poslovanja uključuju primjenu principa društveno odgovornog poslovanja (DOP) na dobrovoljnoj osnovi u namjeri usklađivanja poslovanja s potrebama društva te stvaranja visokih standarda života za interesno utjecajne skupine (dionike) izvan i unutar poduzeća. Cilj ovoga rada bio je utvrditi postoji li statistički značajna povezanost između spola, dobi i stručne spreme u odnosu na informiranost ispitanika o pojmu DOP-a te utječu li informacije vezane uz provođenje DOP-a poduzeća prehrambenih proizvoda na odluku ispitanika o kupnji njihovih proizvoda. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da ne postoji statistički značajna povezanost između spola i dobi s jedne te upoznatosti ispitanika s DOP-om s druge strane. Međutim, utvrđeno je da ona postoji između stručne spreme i upoznatosti ispitanika s pojmom DOP-a (manja je kod ispitanika s nižom stručnom spremom). Istraživanje pokazuje i da ne postoji statistički značajna razlika između dobi i stručne spreme ispitanika u odnosu na zanimanje potrošača za DOP prehrambenih poduzeća, ali postoji s obzirom na njihov spol (veće je kod muškaraca). Također je utvrđeno da je kvaliteta odlučujući faktor u procesu odabira i kupnje prehrambenih proizvoda, ali ne postoji statistički značajna razlika između spola, dobi i stručne spreme ispitanika po tom pitanju.
The article presents theoretical insights of problem-based learning in order to find out the borderline between the problem-based learning method and the and Ukrainian experts, university professors ...participating in the TEMPUS project) on the subject under discussion as well.
The theoretical part focuses on the philosophy of the problem-based study strategy the principles of which, according to T. Barret (2005), correspond to three methodological approaches: cognitivism (the active mental process leading to the acquisition of existing knowledge and its connection with new knowledge, the establishment of links between them and the development of new as well as related concepts) (H. Schmidt, 2004), social constructivism (knowledge constructed with the tutor and the group, situations are created, etc.), and postmodernism (knowledge is variable, modern thinking is dangerous for a sleeping mediocre). Both the programme design and the other necessary elements of this strategy (assessment, seminars) should correspond to the philosophy of the problem-based learning strategy. Summarizing the theoretical insights and the experts’ opinion, it could be stated that:
– the problem-based learning method and study strategy are student-oriented and reflect students’ centrist position. Depending on the authors’ approach, it can emphasize either the study process or its outcome. However, in any case they are coherent with both the study process and its outcomes;
– according to theoretical insights and experts’ point of view, the problem-based learning as a method is more associated with techniques or technologies applied in the study process to achieve certain didactic goals, whereas as a study strategy it is related to the whole programme which is constructed following a certain methodological approach with the focus on relationships between theory and practice in the professional filed;
– problem-based learning as a method and as a study strategy are seen as a potential of students’ motivation for learning, search for harmony between theory and practice, preparation for vocational activities and real life. Experts believe they are relevant to students’ problem-solving and independent learning. This complies with theoretical insights.
Aktualni svjetski fenomen migracija početkom trećega tisućljeća poprima takve razmjere da je opravdano govoriti o globalizaciji migracije. Izbjeglice i migranti za mnoge su lokalne političke ...zajednice, društva i kulture izazov s kojim se ne mogu i ne znaju uvijek suočiti na pravi način. Znatno bolja situacija nije niti s kršćanskim i drugim religijskim zajednicama u odnosu prema ovoj problematici, a konkretna rješenja još uvijek niti u dovoljnoj mjeri niti na adekvatan način nije u stanju ponuditi međunarodna politička zajednica. O suvremenim migracijama stoga se uglavnom govori kao o migrantskoj krizi današnjice. Papa Franjo, koji je od početka svojega pontifikata duboko ganut tragedijom izbjeglica i migranata naočigled ravnodušnosti pojedinaca i zajednica, glasno podiže svoj proročki glas, koji prate znakovite geste i konkretni prijedlozi sustavnoga i programskoga prevladavanja ove krizne situacije svijeta, čije uzroke razotkriva u dubokoj antropološkoj krizi čovječanstva. Njegovo proročko tumačenje suvremenih migracija kroz koncilsku kategoriju znakova vremena prvenstveno smjera promjeni mentaliteta ljudi i zamjeni paradigme dekadentnoga humanizma paradigmom cjelovitoga i kršćanski kompatibilnoga solidarnog humanizma budućnosti. Uočavajući pozitivne aspekte globalizacije migracije, potiče sve ljude na prihvaćanje i aktivno sudjelovanje u povijesnoj prilici globaliziranja bratstva, solidarnosti i ljubavi. To su općeniti okviri teološko-pastoralnih razrada pojedinačnih tema kroz koje se u ovome radu iščitavaju profetička obilježja pontifikata pape Franje u odnosu na fenomen suvremenih migracija.
The current global phenomenon of migration at the beginning of the third millennium is gaining such a momentum that it would be justifiable to talk about the globalisation of migration. For many local political communities, societies, and cultures refugees and migrants are a challenge that they often cannot or do not know how to deal with in a proper way. Christian and other religious communities are also not doing much better when it comes to this issue, while the international political community has not offered so far concrete solutions that would address the issue adequately and integrally. Therefore, contemporary migrations are usually addressed as the current migration crisis. From the beginning of his pontificate Pope Francis has been deeply moved by the tragedy that besets refugees and migrants and that is seemingly ignored by individuals and communities. He has raised his prophetic voice and followed it by significant gestures and concrete proposals on how to overcome this crisis situation, whose causes he detected in the deep anthropological crisis, systematically and programmatically. His prophetic interpretation of contemporary migrations through the conciliar category of signs of the times aims at a transformation of the mentality of people and a replacement of the paradigm of decadent humanism with the paradigm of integral and solidary humanism of the future, compatible with Christianity. While noticing positive aspects of the globalisation of migration, Pope Francis has encouraged everyone to accept and actively participate in this historical chance of globalisation of brotherhood, solidarity, and love. The aforementioned is the general framework of theological-pastoral analyses of individual topics through which this contribution is detecting prophetic characteristics of the pontificate of Pope Francis in relation to the phenomenon of contemporary migrations.
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