Oxidative modification of lipids and phospholipids-including radical damage, halogenation, and nitration-result in significant changes to the chemical properties of the molecules, which in turn have ...a major effect on their biochemical functions. Lipid oxidation has long been regarded as a deleterious process responsible for lipid rancidity, loss of
Plants are sessile organisms that live under a constant barrage of biotic and abiotic insults. Both biotic and abiotic stress factors have been shown to affect various aspects of plant system ...including the acceleration in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ascorbate (AsA)-glutathione (GSH) pathway is a key part of the network of reactions involving enzymes and metabolites with redox properties for the detoxification of ROS, and thus to avert the ROS-accrued oxidative damage in plants. The present book mainly deals with the information gained through the cross-talks and inter-relationship studies on the physiological, biochemical and molecular aspects of the cumulative response of various components of AsA-GSH pathway to stress factors and their significance in plant stress tolerance. TOC:1. Regulatory Role of Components of Ascorbate-Glutathione Pathway in Plant Stress Tolerance, D. Latowski et al.- 2. Ascorbate and Glutathione in Organogenesis, Regeneration and Differentiation in Plant in vitro Cultures, J. Tyburski, A. Tretyn.- 3. Role of Ascorbate Peroxidase and Glutathione Reductase in Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle and Stress Tolerance in Plants, C.-H. Pang, B.-S. Wang.- 4. The Ascorbate-Gluathione Cycle and Related Redox Signals in Plant-Pathogen Interactions, E. Ku¿niak.- 5. Regulation of The Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle in Plants Under Drought Stress, A. Sofo et al.- 6. Glutathione and Herbicide Resistance in Plants, Z. Katerova, L. Miteva.- 7. Ascorbate and Glutathione: Protectors of Plants in Oxidative Stress, Q. Mahmood et al.- 8. Changes in The Glutathione and Ascorbate Redox State Trigger Growth During Embryo Development and Meristem Reactivation at Germination, C. Stasolla.- 9. A Winning Two Pair: Role of The Redox Pairs AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG in Signal Transduction, G. ¿ahin, M. C. De Tullio.- 10. Involvement of AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG Ratios in Gene and Protein Expression and in The Activation of Defence Mechanisms Under Abiotic Stress Conditions, V. Fotopoulos et AL.- 11. Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle: Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Integrated Mechanisms and Its Biomolecular Regulation, J.P. Martínez, H. Araya.- 12. Coordinate Role of Ascorbate-Glutathione in Response to Abiotic Stresses, I. Haider Shamsi et al.- 13. Regulation of Genes Encoding Chloroplast Antioxidant Enzymes in Comparison to Regulation of The Extra-Plastidic Antioxidant Defense System, M. Baier et al.- 14. The Peroxisomal Ascorbate-Glutathione Pathway: Molecular Identification and Insights Into its Essential Role Under Environmental Stress Conditions, S. Reumann, F. J. Corpas.- 15. Identification of Potential Gene Targets for the Improvement of Ascorbate Contents of Genetically Modified Plants, A. A. Badejo, M. Esaka.
Posttraumatic growth is an area in which investigations are now being undertaken in many different parts of the world. The view that individuals can be changed--sometimes in radically good ways--by ...their struggle with trauma is ancient and widespread. However, the systematic focus by scholars and clinicians on the possibilities for growth from the struggle with crisis is relatively recent. There are now a growing number of studies and scholarly papers on the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of posttraumatic growth, and there are also theoretical models that can help guide the research further. It is clear, however, that this phenomenon is not yet well understood.The Handbook of Posttraumatic Growth: Research and Practice provides both clinicians and researchers with a comprehensive and up-to-date view of what has been done so far. In addition, it uses the foundations of what has been done to provide suggestions for the next useful steps to take in understanding posttraumatic growth. The book offers contributions of important and influential scholars representing a wide array of perspectives of posttraumatic growth. This volume serves as an impetus for additional work, both in the academic aspects and in the possibilities for clinical applications of posttraumatic growth.This Handbook will appeal to students, practitioners, and researchers working in a broad array of disciplines and human services.
A large body of research has established a causal relationship between experiences of racial discrimination and adverse effects on mental and physical health. In Measuring the Effects of Racism, ...Robert T. Carter and Alex L. Pieterse offer a manual for mental health professionals on how to understand, assess, and treat the effects of racism as a psychological injury. Carter and Pieterse provide guidance on how to recognize the psychological effects of racism and racial discrimination. They propose an approach to understanding racism that connects particular experiences and incidents with a person's individual psychological and emotional response. They detail how to evaluate the specific effects of race-based encounters that produce psychological distress and possibly impairment or trauma. Carter and Pieterse outline therapeutic interventions for use with individuals and groups who have experienced racial trauma, and they draw attention to the importance of racial awareness for practitioners. The book features a racial-trauma assessment toolkit, including a race-based traumatic-stress symptoms scale and interview schedule. Useful for both scholars and practitioners, including social workers, educators, and counselors, Measuring the Effects of Racism offers a new framework of race-based traumatic stress that helps legitimize psychological reactions to experiences of racism.
Earthquake and Volcano Deformationis the first textbook to present the mechanical models of earthquake and volcanic processes, emphasizing earth-surface deformations that can be compared with ...observations from Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, Interferometric Radar (InSAR), and borehole strain- and tiltmeters. Paul Segall provides the physical and mathematical fundamentals for the models used to interpret deformation measurements near active faults and volcanic centers.
Segall highlights analytical methods of continuum mechanics applied to problems of active crustal deformation. Topics include elastic dislocation theory in homogeneous and layered half-spaces, crack models of faults and planar intrusions, elastic fields due to pressurized spherical and ellipsoidal magma chambers, time-dependent deformation resulting from faulting in an elastic layer overlying a viscoelastic half-space and related earthquake cycle models, poroelastic effects due to faulting and magma chamber inflation in a fluid-saturated crust, and the effects of gravity on deformation. He also explains changes in the gravitational field due to faulting and magmatic intrusion, effects of irregular surface topography and earth curvature, and modern concepts in rate- and state-dependent fault friction. This textbook presents sample calculations and compares model predictions against field data from seismic and volcanic settings from around the world.
Earthquake and Volcano Deformationrequires working knowledge of stress and strain, and advanced calculus. It is appropriate for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in geophysics, geology, and engineering.
Professors: A supplementary Instructor's Manual is available for this book. It is restricted to teachers using the text in courses. For information on how to obtain a copy, refer to: http://press.princeton.edu/class_use/solutions.html
Salt stress is one of the most damaging abiotic stresses because most crop plants are susceptible to salinity to different degrees. According to the FAO, about 800 million Has of land are affected by ...salinity worldwide. Unfortunately, this situation will worsen in the context of climate change, where there will be an overall increase in temperature and a decrease in average annual rainfall worldwide.
This Special Issue presents different research works and reviews on the response of plants to salinity, focused from different points of view: physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. Although an important part of the studies on the response to salinity have been carried out with Arabidopsis plants, the use of other species with agronomic interest is also notable, including woody plants.
Most of the conducted studies in this Special Issue were focused on the identification and characterization of candidate genes for salt tolerance in higher plants. This identification would provide valuable information about the molecular and genetic mechanisms involved in the salt tolerance response, and it also supplies important resources to breeding programs for salt tolerance in plants.
Since the 1970s, understanding of the effects of trauma, including flashbacks and withdrawal, has become widespread in the United States. As a result Americans can now claim that the phrase ...posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is familiar even if the American Psychiatric Association's criteria for diagnosis are not. As embedded as these ideas now are in the American mindset, however, they are more widely applicable, this volume attempts to show, than is generally recognized. The essays inCulture and PTSDtrace how trauma and its effects vary across historical and cultural contexts.
Culture and PTSDexamines the applicability of PTSD to other cultural contexts and details local responses to trauma and the extent they vary from PTSD as defined in the American Psychiatric Association'sDiagnostic and Statistical Manual. Investigating responses in Peru, Indonesia, Haiti, and Native American communities as well as among combat veterans, domestic abuse victims, and adolescents, contributors attempt to address whether PTSD symptoms are present and, if so, whether they are a salient part of local responses to trauma. Moreover, the authors explore other important aspects of the local presentation and experience of trauma-related disorder, whether the Western concept of PTSD is known to lay members of society, and how the introduction of PTSD shapes local understandings and the course of trauma-related disorders.
By attempting to determine whether treatments developed for those suffering PTSD in American and European contexts are effective in global settings of violence or disaster,Culture and PTSDquestions the efficacy of international responses that focus on trauma.
Contributors:Carmela Alcántara, Tom Ball, James K. Boehnlein, Naomi Breslau, Whitney Duncan, Byron J. Good, Mary-Jo DelVecchio Good, Jesse H. Grayman, Bridget M. Haas, Devon E. Hinton, Erica James, Janis H. Jenkins, Hanna Kienzler, Brandon Kohrt, Roberto Lewis-Fernández, Richard J. McNally, Theresa D. O'Nell, Duncan Pedersen, Nawaraj Upadhaya, Carol M. Worthman, Allan Young
This book addresses the specifics of counselling clients who have suffered major trauma, whether recently or in the past, and includes 18 detailed case examples together with transcripts of sessions. ...It is unique in covering the diagnosis and treatment of the full spectrum of post-traumatic states. This fully updated Third Edition includes the needs of special populations: children/adolescents, refugees and those in pain are also addressed. Additional material includes a new PTSD screening inventory and a counselling competence scale.
Many millions of people are affected by the trauma of war. Psychologists have a good understanding of how experiences of war impact on memory, but the significance of external environmental ...influences is often disregarded. Memory, War and Trauma focuses on our understanding of the psychosocial impact of war in its broadest sense. Nigel C. Hunt argues that, in order to understand war trauma, it is critical to develop an understanding not only of the individual perspective but also of how societal and cultural factors impact on the outcome of an individual's experience. This is a compelling book which helps to demonstrate why some people suffer from post-traumatic stress while other people don't, and how narrative understanding is important to the healing process. Its multidisciplinary perspective will enable a deeper understanding of both individual traumatic stress and the structures of memory.
