A methodology for identifying the nonlinearity of viscosity has been developed which is based on multiple resonance frequencies of magnetostrictive sensors in liquids. By studying the resonance ...behaviors of a free-standing magnetostrictive strip in different liquids and using the methodology proposed, the nonlinearity of viscosity can be identified. The resonance behaviors of magnetostrictive strips with different lengths in different fluids are studied, and the performances of same length magnetostrictive strips with different length-width ratios are also investigated. In order to apply magnetostrictive strips in real circumstances, the performances of 40 mm × 3 mm × 30 μm strip sensor are studied under different temperatures and it is found that magnetostrictive strip of this size performs very well in identifying the non-linearity of viscosity.
A planar super-wideband (SWB) antenna fed by an asymmetric coplanar strip is proposed, fabricated, and tested. The antenna consists of a hexagonal loop strip in which a signal strip is prolonged, ...curved, and shorted to a ground plane to facilitate SWB characteristics. In addition, by adding a boomerang-shaped strip to the ground plane, the effective electrical length is increased, thereby decreasing the lowest operating frequency. The simulated results show that the proposed antenna exhibits a −10 dB reflection bandwidth from 1.18 to 49.22 GHz corresponding to a ratio bandwidth of 41.7:1. The measured results of the fabricated antenna are also represented and compared with the simulated results. The antenna gain changes from 2.05 to 10.62 dBi within the measured frequency range.
•A quantitative ciprofloxacin (CIP) immunochromatographic test strip is designed.•It is very sensitive with an extremely low detection limit of 0.05 ng/mL.•It has wide linear detection range ...supporting quantitative CIP detection.•It supports automatic, rapid and cost-effective CIP detection.•It is proved with good selectivity, reproducibility and stability.
The ciprofloxacin (CIP) abuse has caused many problems threatening to human health. Here, we design the quantum dot microsphere (QDM) based immunochromatographic quantitative CIP test strip: when the sample under detection contains CIP, the QDM-monoclonal antibody (mAb) probes bound with the CIP and cannot be captured by CIP-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugation dispersed on the T lines, reducing the fluorescence intensities. These test strips can provide a low detection limit of 0.05 ng/mL and a wide linear detection range from 0.1 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL in high sensitivity and accuracy as well as good selectivity, reproducibility and stability. Moreover, a smartphone based test strip reader with the size of 85 mm × 48 mm × 44 mm is also fabricated using 3-D printing to automatically and quantitatively detect CIP. The whole process of CIP detection can be finished within 15 min, but only cost ~1 RMB (10 cents).
In this work, we present results of quantum detector tomography of superconducting single photon detector (SSPD) based on MoSi film, and compare them with previously reported data on NbN. We find ...that for both materials hot spot interaction length coincides with the strip width, and the dependence of single and double-spot detection efficiencies on bias current are compatible with sufficiently large hot-spot size, approaching the strip width.
During the geomagnetic storm on 3–6 November 2021, the in‐situ plasma density and the gridded total electron content (TEC) maps registered a persistent presence of the strip‐like bulges (electron ...density enhancement, also known as the shoulders in previous literatures) at lower‐middle latitudes. The observed strip‐like bulge resided in the Pacific‐America‐Atlantic sector and lasted from 07:00 UT on 4 November to 20:00 UT on 6 November. For the first time, the temporal evolution of the 2‐D strip‐like bulge was recorded by gridded TEC maps, though observations were limited over the North American continents. The TEC maps showed a continuous shrinking of the nightside midlatitude plasma band structure right before the presence of the narrow strip‐like bulge. Simultaneous measurements from the Ionospheric Connection Explorer satellite (ICON) revealed an equatorward turning of the field‐aligned ion transportation driven by the disturbance equatorward neutral winds. However, the enhanced fountain effect at low latitudes was not observed during the entire formation phase of the strip‐like bulge. We propose that the storm‐induced enhanced equatorward thermospheric neutral winds push the plasma equatorward along the field lines, and the plasma band structure was developed into the strip‐like bulge. In addition, the ion composition of both the plasma band structure and the strip‐like bulges are dominated by H+, and the maintenance of the strip‐like bulge could be due to the compensation of the downward plasmaspheric content flux.
Key Points
The temporal evolution of the 2‐D strip‐like bulge is recorded on gridded total electron content (TEC) maps
The strip‐like bulge is a consequence of the narrowing midlatitude band structure driven by the disturbance neutral wind
The enhanced equatorial fountain effect is not involved during the formation of the strip‐like bulge
In this paper, a prediction model for hot-rolled strip crown based on an artificial neural network (ANN) is presented. Considering the mean squared error (MSE) and correlation coefficient (R), ...production data of 10,133 coils collected from a hot rolling plant are used to establish models. A feed-forward neural network with one hidden layer, a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA II) optimized ANN, and a deep neural network (DNN) are applied to evaluate the prediction performance. Parameter settings of the ANN and NSGA II including learning rate, hidden neurons, activation function and population size, and crossover probability, are investigated to acquire the optimal model. The structure of the DNN, including how many layers and units the network should contain, is also studied. Prediction performance comparisons of the ANN, NSGA II-ANN, and DNN are presented. Among the ANN, NSGA II-ANN and DNN, the results show that the DNN has the highest prediction accuracy. Root mean squared error (RMSE) of the proposed DNN is 2. 06μm, and 97.04% of the prediction data have an absolute error of less than 5μm. Through model response surfaces, effects of four key operating parameters are investigated. The results indicate that the proposed DNN with strong learning ability and generalization performance can be well applied to hot rolling production.
•Three neural network based models are established based on a dataset from a hot-rolling line.•The proposed models used to predict strip crown can acquire high prediction precisions.•The best performed model precisely corresponds with the existing physical understandings.•Using the parameters obtained by the best performed model, strip crown is close to target values.
Medium carbon steels have been widely used in the fields of tool and die manufacturing due to their outstanding hardness and wear resistance. In this study, microstructures of 50# steel strips ...fabricated by twin roll casting (TRC) and compact strip production (CSP) processes were analyzed to investigate the influences of solidification cooling rate, rolling reduction, and coiling temperature on composition segregation, decarburization, and pearlitic phase transformation. The results show that a partial decarburization layer with a thickness of 13.3 μm and banded C-Mn segregation were observed in the 50# steel produced by CSP, leading to the banded distributions of ferrite and pearlite in the C-Mn poor regions and C-Mn rich regions, respectively. For the steel fabricated by TRC, owing to the sub-rapid solidification cooling rate and short processing time at high temperatures, neither apparent C-Mn segregation nor decarburization was observed. In addition, the steel strip fabricated by TRC has higher pearlite volume fractions, larger pearlite nodule sizes, smaller pearlite colony sizes and interlamellar spacings due to the co-influence of larger prior austenite grain size and lower coiling temperatures. The alleviated segregation, eliminated decarburization and large volume fraction of pearlite render TRC a promising process for medium carbon steel production.
•Transforming continuous fin into discontinuous fins enhances heat transfer in PCM.•The use of discontinuous strip fins can improve the energy release time by up to 89%.•89% time improvement was ...achieved by an optimum distribution of the strips fins.•89% time improvement was achieved when only 2% strip fins were employed.•Fin material is one of the effective parameters in discontinuous fins.•Using nanoparticles alone cannot lead to a significant improvement in phase change time.
Energy storing is one of the most vital needs in the energy industry. This paper aims to solve the problem of long energy release time in phase change material (PCM) energy storage system. In the present study, continuous longitudinal fin that had been traditionally used in literature is transformed into a new three-dimensional distribution of discontinuous strip fins. Effects of the geometric distribution of the strip fins, fins material and adding nanoparticles (NPs) to the PCM on heat transfer enhancement and energy discharge time are investigated by testing 17 different cases. According to the results, the use of discontinuous fins can improve the energy release time up to 89% and 84% comparing to continuous copper and aluminum fins, respectively. Moreover, the results indicate that effect of fin material on the thermal performance is insignificant in cases of continuous fins. The results confirmed that the optimal distribution for cases of discontinuous aluminum fins with and without NPs is different. Besides, the maximum of saving discharge time is 77.8% and 59.5% for combination of NPs with copper and aluminum discontinuous fins, respectively. Besides, the results show that the application of nanoparticles alone cannot lead to a significant discharge time improvement.
The photocatalytic efficiency of polymeric carbon nitride is hampered by high carrier recombination rate and low charge transfer. Herein, these issues are addressed by constructing 1D strip‐like ...carbon nitride with a large π‐electron conjugated system from carbon‐doping, realizing the synchronization control of its electronic structure and morphology. Nicotinic acid, a monomer with the carboxyl group and pyridine ring, and melamine are selected for assembling the strip‐like supramolecular via hydrogen bond under hydrothermal process. Both peripheral pyridine unit and hydrogen bond have significant effect on self‐assembly process of nicotinic acid and melamine along one dimension to form a strip‐like precursor. Subsequently, 1D thin porous strip‐like carbon nitride is obtained by calcination treatment of precursor. The as‐prepared 1D strip‐like carbon nitride with effective π delocalization from carbon‐doping and porous structure can accelerate charges and mass transfer and provide extra active sites. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that carbon doping (pyridine heterocycle) narrows the bandgap via manipulating the band position and increases the π electron density. Thus, the 1D porous thin strip‐like carbon nitride realizes compelling hydrogen evolution rate (126.2 µmol h−1), far beyond (≈18 fold) the value of polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) (7.2 µmol h−1) under visible light irradiation.
1D strip‐like carbon nitride (CN) with a large π‐electron conjugated system realizes the synchronization control of its electronic structure and morphology, which improves the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers. Thus, such strip‐like carbon nitride exhibits a significant enhancement in photocatalytic activity with the hydrogen evolution rate of 126.2 µmol h−1, about 18 times higher than that of bulk CN.
Gaza Filiu, Jean-Pierre
2014, 2014-08-14, 2014-09
eBook, Book
Jean-Pierre Filiu's book is the first comprehensive history of Gaza in any language. Through its millennium-long existence, Gaza has often been bitterly disputed while simultaneously and ...paradoxically enduring prolonged neglect. The endurance of Gaza and the Palestinians make the publication of Gaza: A History both timely and significant.
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