Abstract
This paper presents simulations of the potential effect of COVID-19-related school closures on schooling and learning outcomes. It considers four scenarios—varying in both the duration of ...school closures and the effectiveness of any mitigation strategies being deployed by governments. Using data on 174 countries, the analysis finds that the global level of schooling and learning will fall substantially. School closures could result in a loss of between 0.3 and 1.1 years of schooling adjusted for quality, bringing down the effective years of basic schooling that students achieve during their lifetime from 7.8 years to between 6.7 and 7.5 years. Close to 11 million students from primary up to secondary education could drop out due to the income shock of the pandemic alone. Exclusion and inequality will likely be exacerbated if already marginalized and vulnerable groups, such as girls, ethnic minorities, and persons with disabilities, are more adversely affected by school closures. Students from the current cohort could, on average, face a reduction of $366 to $1,776 in yearly earnings. In present value terms, this amounts to between $6,680 and $32,397 dollars in lost earnings over a typical student's lifetime. Globally, a school shutdown of 5 months could generate learning losses that have a present value of $10 trillion. By this measure, the world could stand to lose as much as 16 percent of the investments that governments make in the basic education of this cohort of students. In the pessimistic and very pessimistic scenarios, cumulative losses could add up to between $16 and $20 trillion in present value terms. Unless drastic remedial action is taken, the world could face a substantial setback in achieving the goal of halving the percentage of learning poor by 2030.
Ausgangspunkt des Beitrages ist die Beobachtung, dass im Diskurs der extremen Rechten vielfach Bezüge auf ‚die 68er‘ hergestellt werden. Entlang zentraler Publikationen der extremen Rechten ...identifiziert der Text zunächst, welche Feindbildkonstruktionen gegenüber ‚den 68ern‘ und wichtigen Protagonist*innen einer Demokratisierung von Hochschulen und Gesellschaft im zeitgenössischen Kontext sichtbar wurden. Im zweiten Teil der Ausführungen werden aktuelle Deutungen der ‚68er‘ rekonstruiert, die in der APO und der Bewegung der Studierenden entweder die Fortsetzung einer ‚anti-deutschen‘ Politik der US-amerikanischen ‚Re-Education‘ sehen (‚cultural marxism’) oder zumindest für einige der bekanntesten Protagonisten nationalrevolutionäre Positionen behaupten.
The book provides a thorough overview of Estonians and other Estonian-born students who studied at various European universities of technology before the Second World War. In addition to Saint ...Petersburg and Riga, Gdansk, Karlsruhe, Brno, Warsaw, Moscow, Zurich and a number of other European cities were also places of study for future engineers and architects.
Abstract
Using a structural life-cycle model, we quantify the heterogeneous impact of school closures during the corona crisis on children affected at different ages and coming from households with ...different parental characteristics. In the model, public investment through schooling is combined with parental time and resource investments in the production of child human capital at different stages in the children’s development process. We quantitatively characterise the long-term consequences from a COVID-19-induced loss of schooling, and find average losses in the present discounted value of lifetime earnings of the affected children of $2.1\%$, as well as welfare losses equivalent to about $1.2\%$ of permanent consumption. Because of self-productivity in the human capital production function, younger children are hurt more by the school closures than older children. The negative impact of the crisis on children’s welfare is especially severe for those with parents with low educational attainment and low assets.
Abstract
Children who face significant disadvantage early in life are often found to be worse off years or even decades later. Can conditional cash transfer programs mitigate the negative ...consequences and help these children catch up with their peers? We answer this question using data from rural Mexico, where rainfall shocks can have substantial effects on household income. We find that adverse rainfall in a child's year of birth decreases grade attainment, post-secondary enrolment and employment outcomes. But declines were much smaller for children whose families were randomised to receive the conditional cash transfer program, PROGRESA: each additional year of PROGRESA exposure during childhood mitigated almost 20% of the early disadvantage in grade attainment.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Weekjournaal van Polygoon Hollands Nieuws van week 18 uit 1949.- Op het Amsterdam-Rijnkanaal bij Utrecht wordt de 'Varsity', de ...jaarlijkse roeiwedstrijd voor studentenroeiverenigingen, gehouden. Rijen supporters aan de kant zien hoe div. ploegen heren vier met stuur van start gaan. De wedstrijd wordt gewonnen door Njord uit Leiden.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Weekjournaal van Polygoon Hollands Nieuws van week 38 uit 1947.- Tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog werden in Curaçao al gelden ...bijeengebracht voor het herstel van Nederland na de oorlog. Gedeeltes van dit geld zijn gebruikt voor de oprichting van het Nederlandsch Studenten Sanatorium te Laren. Twee besturen van Curaçaose steuncomités zijn nu naar het Sanatorium te Laren overgekomen. SHOTS: - ext. + int. sanatorium; - leden van de steuncomité's worden toegesproken door prof. R. Heringa. Daarna maken ze een rondgang door het gebouw en de ziekenzalen. In de tuin krijgen ze aan de hand van bouwtekeningen uitleg over de voorgenomen uitbreiding van het sanatorium. 02:11 minister-president L.J.M. Beel (tweede van links); 02:35 idem (links).- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
BUITENLANDSE STUDENTEN IN AMSTERDAM Polygoon Hollands Nieuws (producent); Nederlands Instituut voor Beeld en Geluid (beheerder)
03/1946
Video Recording
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Weekjournaal van Polygoon Hollands Nieuws van week 13 uit 1946.- Een stoet jonge mannen trekt, komende vanuit het Centraal Station, ...voorbij in de straten van Amsterdam. Er worden vaandels meegedragen. Een poedel loopt mee. Sommigen dragen een kostuum met hoge hoed.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Sociographical work Polygoon-Profilti (producer); Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision (curator); Polygoon-Profilti (producent) ...
06/1937
Video Recording
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Newsreels in which Dutch subjects of a certain week are presented.- Socographical students from Amsterdam at the project week of ...prof. Ter Veen in the Wieringermeer polder. Students leaving the barracks by bike and on the road; ringing doorbells and asking the occupants (in traditional attire) questions; class of children, students test the children; processing the forms; eating together back at the barracks.- Bioscoopjournaals waarin Nederlandse onderwerpen van een bepaalde week worden gepresenteerd.- Amsterdamse Sociografische studenten in het werkkamp van prof. Ter Veen in de Wieringermeerpolder. Studenten vertrekken per fiets bij barakken en onderweg; bellen aan bij huizen, waarna zij bewoonsters (in klederdracht) vragen stellen; schoolklas met kinderen, studenten doen tests met leerlingen; het verwerken van formulieren; terug bij barakken waar zij tezamen eten nuttigen.- Amsterdam Sociography students at Prof. Ter Veen's work camp in the Wieringermeerpolder. Students leave by bike at barracks and on the road; ring the doorbells at houses, after which they ask questions to the residents (in traditional costume); school class with children, students doing tests with students; processing forms; back at barracks where they eat together.- Cinema newsreels in which Dutch subjects of a certain week are presented.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Roeiers trainen op de Amstel Polygoon Hollands Nieuws (producent) / Nederlands Instituut voor Beeld en Geluid (beheerder)
03/1937
Video Recording
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Weekjournaal van Polygoon Hollands Nieuws van week 11 uit 1937.- Training van roeiers op de Amstel te Amsterdam. SHOTS: - training ...met oa touwtje springen en 'droog' roeien; - jongens dragen roeiboot (enkel acht) naar het water; - roeiers op de Amstel.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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