When a domestic servant named Violet Johnson moved to the affluent white suburb of Summit, New Jersey in 1897, she became one of just barely a hundred black residents in the town of six thousand. In ...this avowedly liberal Protestant community, the very definition of "the suburbs" depended on observance of unmarked and fluctuating race and class barriers. But Johnson did not intend to accept the status quo. Establishing a Baptist church a year later, a seemingly moderate act that would have implications far beyond weekly worship, Johnson challenged assumptions of gender and race, advocating for a politics of civic righteousness that would grant African Americans an equal place in a Christian nation. Johnson's story is powerful, but she was just one among the many working-class activists integral to the budding days of the civil rights movement.
InBlack Women's Christian Activism, Betty Livingston Adams examines the oft overlooked role of non-elite black women in the growth of northern suburbs and American Protestantism in the first half of the twentieth century. Focusing on the strategies and organizational models church women employed in the fight for social justice, Adams tracks the intersections of politics and religion, race and gender, and place and space in a New York City suburb, a local example that offers new insights on northern racial oppression and civil rights protest. As this book makes clear, religion made a key difference in the lives and activism of ordinary black women who lived, worked, and worshiped on the margin during this tumultuous time.
Drawing on a host of recently declassified documents from the
Reagan-Thatcher years, A Diplomatic Meeting: Reagan, Thatcher,
and the Art of Summitry provides an innovative framework for
understanding ...the development and nature of the special
relationship between British prime minister Margaret Thatcher and
American president Ronald Reagan, who were known as "political
soulmates." James Cooper boldly challenges the popular conflation
of the leaders' platforms, and proposes that Reagan and Thatcher's
summitry highlighted unique features of domestic policy in their
respective countries. Summits, therefore, were a significant
opportunity for the two world leaders to further their own domestic
agendas. Cooper uses the relationship between Reagan and Thatcher
to demonstrate that summitry politics transcended any distinction
between foreign policy and domestic politics-a major objective of
Reagan and Thatcher as they sought to consolidate power and
implement their domestic economic programs in a parallel quest to
reverse notions of their countries' "decline."
This unique and significant study about the making of the
Reagan-Thatcher relationship uses their key meetings as an avenue
to explore the fluidity between the domestic and international
spheres, a perspective that is underappreciated in existing
interpretations of the leaders' relationship and Anglo-American
relations and, more broadly, in the field of international
affairs.
G7 Hiroshima Summit 2023 provided a roadmap to solutions to various issues. This article will highlight the outcomes of the summit and look ahead to the future prospects, with accounts from a Sherpa ...(personal representative for the Japanese Prime Minister).
The G20 Hajnal, Peter I
2019, 2014, 20160316, 2019-01-24, 2019-02-12
eBook
This important book is an authoritative work of reference on the G20, G8 and G20 reform, and relevant information sources. Peter Hajnal thoroughly traces the origins of the G20, surveys the G20 ...finance ministers' meetings since 1999 and the series of G20 summits since 2008. He examines agenda-setting and agenda evolution, discusses the question of G20 membership and surveys the components of the G20 system. He goes on to analyze the relationship of the G20 with international governmental organizations, the business sector, and civil society and looks at the current relationship between the G8 and the G20. He also discusses how G20 performance can be monitored and evaluated. The book includes an extensive bibliography on the G20, G8/G20 reform, and issues of concern to the G20. The book is a companion volume to The G8 System and the G20: Evolution, Role and Documentation (Hajnal, 2007) and is an essential source for all scholars and students of the G20.
Peter I. Hajnal is a Research Associate at the Munk School of Global Affairs, and Research Associate in Arts at Trinity College, University of Toronto, Canada.
Contents: Preface; Introduction; The origins of the G20; Members and invitees, summit meetings, agenda; The evolving G20 system; Relations with international governmental organizations; Relations with the business sector; Relations with civil society; G8/G20 reform; Monitoring and evaluating G20 performance; G20 documentation; Other sources of information; Conclusion; Bibliography; Index.
This book is the culmination of twenty years of research in which the editors gathered thousands of pages documenting the most important conversations of the late Cold War. Every word Ronald Reagan ...and Mikhail Gorbachev said to each other in their five superpower summits from 1985 to 1988 is included in this volume. The editors argue in their contextual essays and detailed notes that these summits fueled a learning process on both sides of the Cold War. Their anthology provides insight into the nuanced shifts of monumentally important discussions, showing how Moscow’s sense of threat was eased and how a hawkish Reagan softened his tone in negotiations during his second presidential term. Documents from foreign ministers Eduard Shevardnadze and George Shultz offer a particularly intriguing look into the handful of conversations that ended almost half a century of conflict. These verbatim transcripts, until now top secret, are combined with fascinating photos and crucial information from declassified preparatory and after-action documents from both the Americans and Soviets, obtained in the US through the Freedom of Information Act and in Russia from the Gorbachev Foundation, the State Archive of the Russian Federation in Moscow, and from the personal files of Anatoly Chernyaev, Gorbachev’s foreign policy adviser.
Over the last two decades, summits have gained great importance in developing relations with African countries and they have become useful tools to understand intersecting roadmaps on the continent. ...China, India, Japan, the United States, European countries and Russia conducted various summits and business forums targeting to develop their political, economic and military relations with Africa. In this vein, FOCAC (Forum on China-Africa Cooperation), European Union-Africa Business and Investment Summits, Japan's Africa Development Summits and Russia-Africa Summit provide some details of these powers' Africa policy. Turkey has also emerged as a new actor and summit organizer in Africa since it opened a new page for Africa in its foreign policy in 2005. After being a strategic partner to the African Union in 2008, Turkey has conducted three Turkey-Africa summits, Istanbul (2008), Malabo (2014) and Istanbul (2021), to form its roadmap in Africa. This work aims to analyse the role of Africa-Turkey summits in the development of Turkey's Africa policy and its relationship with African countries. The paper looks at all declarations comprehensively to evaluate Turkey's foreign policy discourse on Africa. Moreover, it examines Turkey's Africa policy implementations and achievements on the continent through the lens of summits.
