The current understanding of the link between land management practices and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions is limited in the small-scale farm sector of sub-Sahara regions due to insufficient or ...fragmented land-use data. Land-use categories recognized in the national GHG inventories in Kenya are coarse. Therefore, they do not adequately account for the diversity in small-scale land uses. Characterization of land-use and knowledge of key drivers of land-use change is necessary to improve national GHG inventories in the SSA (Sub-Sahara Africa) region. We implemented a cross-sectional survey to characterize land-use and determine factors which influenced changes in land use within small-scale farms of Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya. We sampled 300 farmers using multistage sampling and collected crop sequence recall data at plot level for three years (seven seasons). We grouped crop sequences into clusters using the ‘TraMineR’ R package. We derived four clusters including banana, tea, and declining fallows (cluster 1, 19.2% of plots), cereal-legume systems (cluster 2, 55.1%), fodder (cluster 3, 11.7%) and coffee (cluster 4, 14.0%). We observed higher N application rates in perennial cropping systems, than in annual crops, including cereal-legume systems. We observed that farmers in higher potential agro-ecological zones, male-managed farms, with higher per capita land area, higher remittances and higher total house-hold incomes, were associated with a higher propensity to adjust crop enterprises, leading to more unstable land-use sequences. Contrariwise, farmers with higher education, credit access, secure land tenure, increasing slope, good soil fertility, and longer farming experiences recorded a lower propensity to adjust their land uses, resulting in more stable crop sequences. Farmer socio-demographic characteristics influenced land-use change, which is directly linked with soil GHG emissions. Our findings propose the adoption of Tier II GHG quantification approaches which disaggregate between annual and perennial crop enterprises. GHG emissions are likely to be more generalizable in stable perennial crop systems than annual systems. Thus, better disaggregation of GHG sampling in annual crop systems is needed due to high diversity in crop and soil fertility management, and the dynamic nature of C and N cycling in these systems.
Various studies suggest that rather than being a general trend that concern all individuals and all life domains uniformly, the de-standardization of the life course has taken distinct shapes and has ...followed distinct paces in various countries and social groups. In that respect, the gender divide may play a key role in de-standardization processes. The paper empirically tests cohort and sex effects on quantified indexes of de-standardization based on data from the Swiss Household Panel. Optimal matching is used in order to uncover whether these trends and their gendering, if any, may be accounted for by the development of new types of trajectories. A strong impact of cohorts on indices of de-standardization was found for both family and occupational trajectories. Gender effects mainly concern occupational trajectories. The results are discussed in light of the master status hypothesis. Copyright Elsevier Ltd.
Published methods to describe and visualize Care Trajectories (CTs) as patterns of healthcare use are very sparse, often incomplete, and not intuitive for non-experts. Our objectives are to propose a ...typology of CTs one year after a first hospitalization for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and describe CT types and compare patients' characteristics for each CT type.
This is an observational cohort study extracted from Quebec's medico-administrative data of patients aged 40 to 84 years hospitalized for COPD in 2013 (index date). The cohort included patients hospitalized for the first time over a 3-year period before the index date and who survived over the follow-up period. The CTs consisted of sequences of healthcare use (e.g. ED-hospital-home-GP-respiratory therapists, etc.) over a one-year period. The main variable was a CT typology, which was generated by a 'tailored' multidimensional State Sequence Analysis, based on the "6W" model of Care Trajectories. Three dimensions were considered: the care setting ("where"), the reason for consultation ("why"), and the speciality of care providers ("which"). Patients were grouped into specific CT types, which were compared in terms of care use attributes and patients' characteristics using the usual descriptive statistics.
The 2581 patients were grouped into five distinct and homogeneous CT types: Type 1 (n = 1351, 52.3%) and Type 2 (n = 748, 29.0%) with low healthcare and moderate healthcare use respectively; Type 3 (n = 216, 8.4%) with high healthcare use, mainly for respiratory reasons, with the highest number of urgent in-hospital days, seen by pulmonologists and respiratory therapists at primary care settings; Type 4 (n = 100, 3.9%) with high healthcare use, mainly cardiovascular, high ED visits, and mostly seen by nurses in community-based primary care; Type 5 (n = 166, 6.4%) with high healthcare use, high ED visits and non-urgent hospitalisations, and with consultations at outpatient clinics and primary care settings, mainly for other reasons than respiratory or cardiovascular. Patients in the 3 highest utilization CT types were older, and had more comorbidities and more severe condition at index hospitalization.
The proposed method allows for a better representation of the sequences of healthcare use in the real world, supporting data-driven decision making.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
CEKLJ, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Traminer is a well-known grapevine cultivar. It is thought to originate from
Tramin, Italy, wherefrom it has been introduced to many European countries
(France, Switzerland, Austria, Germany). ...Researches included two Traminer
cultivar forms: White Traminer and Red Traminer. Examinations were carried
out in a collection vineyard of the Viticulture and Wine Production Center of
Nis. The collection vineyard was planted in 1995, with planting space of 3 x
1.2 m. Examinations took three years (2004-2006) and encompassed phenological
observations, fertility, vegetative potential of a vine, resistance to
Botrytis cinerea and wine quality. A detailed ampelographic description of
two Traminer cultivar forms was also provided according to O.I.V.
descriptors. The purpose of this paper is to determine growth, fertility,
yield, and grape and wine quality of the examined Traminer cultivar forms in
the viticultural subregion of Nis. According to the results obtained, the
examined forms could be successfully grown in this region. Average grape
yield varied depending on conditions of the particular year. White Traminer
recorded higher yield, while Red Traminer recorded better quality. In
addition, the best vines have been selected within the forms, and they will
be used in further studies and multiplication.
nema
This article focuses on the opportunities for the sociologist in the development and describing methodologically successive socio-discursive configurations from the perspective of sociology attentive ...to public issues or collective actions. Noting that it is difficult and costly to reproduce thematic analyzes whenever the corpus evolves and refines research questions, the challenge is to develop computerized tools to accompany the researcher's reasoning while obliging reflexive thought and permitting the production of data to test hypotheses. With an experimental approach coupling the features of the Prospero and TraMineR (in R software) computer programs, we propose a research protocol which aims to obtain information on dynamic, heterogeneous and complex processes that we would like to be able to equate for at least some aspects. The path is to establish typologies of sequences from semantic data and their optimal matching. Adapted from the source document.
In this paper are presented results of technological characteristics of the traminer form 11 Gm in Nis vine subregion. The study was done in the collection vineyard of the Center of Viticulture and ...Enology, Nis. The collection vineyard was established in 1995, with planting space of 3x1.2 m. The investigation lasted three years (2004-2006), and it included phenological observations, grape yield, resistance to Botritis cinerea, as well as wine quality. This paper also gives a detailed ampelographic description according to O.I.V. descriptors. The aim of this study was to determine growth, height yield, and quality of grapes and wine in Nis vine subregion. On the basis of the obtained results it can be concluded that the traminer form 11 Gm has shown positive technological characteristics in the conditions of Nis vine subregion.
Changes in the law have allowed Czech vintners to produce land wines from some ancient varieties. There is the chance now for the reintroduction of such varieties, when we can clearly explain the ...pros and cons of these varieties in comparison with the common varieties; plus be able to indicate the possible benefits for those vintners who start to plant these ancient varieties. The successful reintroduction of these ancient varieties could enlarge the selection of wines for sale, and represents an alternative way of storing genetics resources, similar to on-farm conservation.
The must characteristics of some old varieties (present on the list of varieties allowed for land wine making) were compared with their commercial relatives, in order to estimate their specific ...benefits and advantages for wine processing. In the case of Portuguese blue and Pinot noir precoce, we additionally identified the influences of environmental conditions on their must composition and wine quality. Clear differences in sugar accumulation among varieties were detected, as well as differences in earliness.
Continental Croatia wine region and especially Kutjevo vineyards are famous for their predicate wines production and quality. The most common grape varieties used there for different types of ...predicate wine are Welsch Riesling and Traminer. Ice wines, selected harvest wines and dry berry selection wines from different harvest years were examined by HPLC method to determine organic acids composition. The oldest sample was Traminer selected harvest from vintage year 1990, while the youngest wine was Traminer ice wine from harvest 2011. The dominant organic acids in all analyzed wines were tartaric, malic, citric and galactaric, ranged from 0.09 to 2.98 g/L. In most wines the difference in concentration of glucuronic, galacturonic and gluconic acids was established. The highest content of glucuronic acid was 58.4 mg/L in Traminer dry berry selection 2011. Galacturonic acid dominated in the same wine (924 mg/L), just like gluconic acid (141 mg/L).
In eight hybrid combinations in which one of the parents (either maternal of paternal) was cv. Pink Traminer (Gewurztraminer), 2.284 F1 individuals have been analyzed concerning the maturity of ...grapes. Obvious differences were noted among different combinations and within the same combination, depending on whether Pink Traminer had been used as a maternal or paternal genitor. These data suggest a possible maternal effect on the analyzed characteristic. Grape maturity seemed to be polygenicall inherited, heritability (in broad sense) showing high values while the one in narrow sense small and very small values, suggesting that additivity is not playing the most important role in the inheritance of this character in grapes.
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