This volume deals with the De Bry collection of voyages, one of the most monumental publications of Early Modern Europe. It analyzes the textual and iconographic changes the De Bry publishing family ...made to travel accounts describing Asia, Africa and America.
Complementing other published works about travel by nineteenth-century women writers by locating and creating 'space' for Japan is missing within recent critical discourses on travel writing, it ...examines narratives of women writers who travelled to Japan from the mid-1850s onwards, and became a highly desirable travel destination thereafter.
What was the purpose of representing foreign lands for writers in the English Renaissance? This book argues that writers often used their works as vehicles to reflect on the state of contemporary ...English politics, particularly their own lack of representation in public institutions. Sometimes such analyses took the form of displaced allegories, whereby writers contrasted the advantages enjoyed, or disadvantages suffered, by foreign subjects with the political conditions of Tudor and Stuart England. Elsewhere, more often in explicitly colonial writings, authors meditated on the problems of government when faced with the possibly violent creation of a new society. If Venice was commonly held up as a beacon of republican liberty which England would do well to imitate, the fear of tyrannical Catholic Spain was ever present—inspiring and haunting much of the colonial literature from 1580 onwards. This book examines fictional and non-fictional writings, illustrating both the close connections between the two made by early modern readers and the problems involved in the usual assumption that we can make sense of the past with the categories available to us. The book explores representations of Europe, the Americas, Africa, and the Far East, selecting pertinent examples rather than attempting to embrace a total coverage. It also offers fresh readings of Shakespeare, Marlowe, More, Lyly, Hakluyt, Harriot, Nashe, and others.
A distinct European perspective on Asia emerged in the late Middle Ages. Early reports of a homogeneous "India" of marvels and monsters gave way to accounts written by medieval travelers that ...indulged readers' curiosity about far-flung landscapes and cultures without exhibiting the attitudes evident in the later writings of aspiring imperialists. Mining the accounts of more than twenty Europeans who made-or claimed to have made-journeys to Mongolia, China, India, Sri Lanka, and Southeast Asia between the mid-thirteenth and early sixteenth centuries, Kim Phillips reconstructs a medieval European vision of Asia that was by turns critical, neutral, and admiring.In offering a cultural history of the encounter between medieval Latin Christians and the distant East,Before Orientalismreveals how Europeans' prevailing preoccupations with food and eating habits, gender roles, sexualities, civility, and the foreign body helped shape their perceptions of Asian peoples and societies. Phillips gives particular attention to the texts' known or likely audiences, the cultural settings within which they found a foothold, and the broader impact of their descriptions, while also considering the motivations of their writers. She reveals in rich detail responses from European travelers that ranged from pragmatism to wonder. Fear of military might, admiration for high standards of civic life and court culture, and even delight in foreign magnificence rarely assumed the kind of secular Eurocentric superiority that would later characterize Orientalism. Placing medieval writing on the East in the context of an emergent "Europe" whose explorers sought to learn more than to rule,Before Orientalismcomplicates our understanding of medieval attitudes toward the foreign.
L'établissement de la présence portugaise en Asie, au cours des premières décennies du seizième siècle, est accompagné d'une constante production textuelle. Une large masse documentaire---produite ...par des fonctionnaires civils et militaires, des marchands au service d'entreprises privées, des religieux appartenant à différents ordres, de simples voyageurs et aventuriers, des humanistes et idéologues au service de la couronne lusitanienne- témoigne de la naissance de l'Estado da India. Dans la constitution des empires européens de la première modernité, mêmes de ceux qui, comme le portugais, ont une configuration essentiellement maritime, on donne pour acquise l'ombre de Rome. Les sources portugaises de la première moitié du seizième siècle permettent- elles de confirmer cette hypothèse? Le propos de cet article est de vérifier cette hypothèse en cherchant la présence de Rome dans les récits portugais de la constitution de l'Estado da India.
Taking the Enlightenment and the feminist tradition to which it gave rise as its historical and philosophical coordinates, Feminism and the Politics of Travel After the Enlightenment explores travel ...as a “technology of gender.” It also investigates the way travel’s utopian dimension and feminism’s utopian ideals have intermittently fed off each other in productive ways. With broad historical and theoretical understanding, Yaël Schlick analyzes the intersections of travel and feminism in writings published during the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a period of intense feminist vindication during which women’s very presence in the public sphere, their access to education, and their political participation were contentious issues. Schlick examines the gendering of travel and its political implications in Rousseau’s Emile, and in works by Mary Wollstonecraft, Stéphanie-Félicité de Genlis, Frances Burney, Germaine de Staël, Suzanne Voilquin, Flora Tristan, Gustave Flaubert, and George Sand, arguing that travel is instrumental in furthering diverse feminist agendas. The epilogue alerts us to the continuation of the utopian strain of the voyage and its link to feminism in modern and contemporary travelogues by writers like Mary Kingsley, Robyn Davidson and Sara Wheeler.
How people traveled, and how people wrote about travel, changed in the interwar years. Novel technologies eased travel conditions, breeding new iterations of the colonizing gaze. The sense that ...another war was coming lent urgency and anxiety to the search for new places and “authentic” experiences. In Interwar Itineraries: Authenticity in Anglophone and French Travel Writing, Emily O. Wittman identifies a diverse group of writers from two languages who embarked on such quests. For these writers, authenticity was achieved through rugged adventure abroad to economically poorer destinations. Using translation theory and new approaches in travel studies and global modernisms, Wittman links and complicates the symbolic and rhetorical strategies of writers including André Gide, Ernest Hemingway, Michel Leiris, Isak Dinesen, Beryl Markham, among others, that offer insight into the high ethical stakes of travel and allow us to see in new ways how models of the authentic self are built and maintained through asymmetries of encounter.
Diagnosis of schistosomiasis remains elusive soon after infection. We evaluated several diagnostic methods in a cluster of travelers with simultaneous freshwater exposure in South Africa.
Eosinophil ...count, schistosome antibody tests, stool and urine microscopy, and serum Dra1 PCR assays were performed at weeks 4-5 (early symptomatic phase), 7-8 (praziquantel treatment), and 13-14 (after treatment). Sequencing was done on serum samples from 3 patients to identify the species.
Of the 34 travelers (16 adults and 18 children), 32 developed symptoms 2-6 weeks after exposure. A raised eosinophil count (>750/µL) was seen in 12 of 33 at weeks 4-5, and in 22 of 34 at weeks 7-8. Schistosoma antibodies were detected in 3 of 33 at weeks 4-5 and in 12 of 34 at weeks 7-8 and weeks 13-14. The Dra1 PCR result was positive in 24 of 33 travelers at weeks 4-5, in 31 of 34 at weeks 7-8, in 25 of 34 at weeks 13-14, and at least once in all. Ova were absent in all urine and stool samples obtained. Sequencing identified Schistosoma mattheei nuclear and Schistosoma haematobium mitochondrial DNA, indicative of a hybrid species.
The Dra1 PCR confirmed the diagnosis in all exposed travelers at a much earlier stage than conventional tests. The causative species is probably an S. mattheei × S. haematobium hybrid.
