The vegetation of Buna River Protected Landscape is described. The area comprises both the alluvial plain of the lower course of the Buna river that marks the boundary between Montenegro and Albania, ...and a carbonatic range. The vegetation is characterized by a high β-diversity (27 alliances and 46 associations), especially in wetlands and dry grasslands. In the area it is possible to distinguish 1 dunal and 4 hygro-sequences in the alluvial plain and 3 xeroseries in the carbonatic range. Associations Clematido viticellae-Punicetum granati and Periploco graecae-Alnetum glutinosae are described as new.
V članku je opisana vegetacija v zavarovanega območja ob reki Buna. Območje obsega aluvialno ravnino ob spodnjem teku reke Buna, ki predstavlja mejo med Črno goro in Albanijo in karbonatnim hribovjem. Za vegetacijo je značilna visoka β diverziteta (27 zvez in 46 asociacij), še posebej pa mokrišča in suha travišča. V območju smo izločili 1 sekvenco na sipinah, 4 higro sekvence na aluvialni ravnici in 3 ksero serije na karbonatnem masivu. Asociaciji Clematido viticellae-Punicetum granati in Periploco graecae-Alnetum glutinosae sta novo opisani.
The Mediterranean area is a natural biodiversity hotspot that has also been influenced by humans for millennia. Especially the grasslands of Southern Europe have long been known for their diversity ...and beauty. However, several gaps remain in our knowledge about these grasslands, e.g. for some regions such as the southern Balkans, or taxonomic groups such as cryptogams. Here we introduce a Special Issue with contributions from the 9th European Dry Grassland Group meeting held in Prespa, Greece, 2012. The topic of this meeting was “Dry grasslands of Europe: grazing and ecosystem services” with special focus on Southern European regions. The Special Issue, apart from this Editorial, consists of eight contributions arranged according to the three major topics: syntaxonomy (5 articles), management (2) and conservation (1). The classification papers include descriptions of four new associations and four subassociations. Data about management practices are provided as well. We conclude that dry grassland vegetation in Southern Europe exhibits transitions between different higher syntaxa and thus requires further studies at broader scales to allow better understanding at the supranational scale.
Mediteran je naravna vroča točka biodiverzitete, na katero je človek tisočletja močno vplival. Po svoji raznolikosti in lepoti so še posebej že dolgo znana travišča južne Evrope, vendar so v poznavanju teh travišč prisotne številne vrzeli na območju južnega Balkana ali posameznih taksonomskih skupin, kot so kriptogami. Predstavljamo posebno številko s prispevki z 9. srečanja Evropske skupine za suha travišča (European Dry Grassland Group), ki je bilo leta 2012 v mestu Prespa (Grčija). Tema srečanja je bila “Suha travišča Evrope: paša in ekosistemske storitve” s posebnim poudarkom na območjih južne Evrope. Posebno številko poleg tega uvodnika sestavlja osem prispevkov, ki smo jih uredili v tri glavne teme: sintaksonomijo (5 člankov), gospodarjenje (2) in ohranjanje travišč (1). Članki o klasifikaciji vsebujejo opise štirih novih asociacij in štirih subasociacij. Prav tako vsebujejo podatke o načinu gospodarjenja. Zaključimo lahko, da kaže vegetacija suhih travišč v južni Evropi prehod med različnimi višjimi sintaksoni in zato so potrebne nadaljnje raziskave v večjem merilu, ki bodo omogočile boljše razumevanje v nadnacionalnem merilu.
A total of 546 releves collected in western Bulgaria and referred to Festuco-Brometea were classified into the alliances Festucion valesiacae, Saturejion montanae, Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati and ...Chrysopogono-Danthonion calycinae. All releves assigned to alliance Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati were further classified towards lower level which resulted in the description of a new association - Hieracio pilosellae-Festucetum dalmaticae and two new subassociations added to ass. Galio lovcense-Artemisietum chamaemelifoliae. Both associations were ecologically well differentiated on the basis of soil parameters (pH and humus content) as well as some additional factors (exposition, land use, etc.).
V zahodni Bolgariji smo naredili 546 vegetacijskih popisov, ki jih uvrščamo v razred Festuco-Brometea in dalje v zveze Festucion valesiacae, Saturejion montanae, Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati in Chrysopogono-Danthonion calycinae. Vse popise, ki smo jih uvrstili v zvezo Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati smo členili na nižje sintaksonomske enote. Opisali smo novo asociacijo - Hieracio pilosellae-Festucetum dalmaticae in dodali dve novi subasociaciji k asociaciji Galio lovcense-Artemisietum chamaemelifoliae. Obe asociaciji sta ekološko jasno ločeni na podlagi talnih parametrov (pH in vsebnost humusa) in nekaterih dodatnih dejavnikov (ekspozicija, raba tal, itd.).
During preparation of the European checklist of vegetation units (EuroVegChecklist), it became clear that some earlier described syntaxa need to be typified in order to stabilize nomenclature and ...some new syntaxa need to be described. Here we propose nomenclature adjustments and formal description of four new alliances for the Arctic, alpine and oro-Mediterranean vegetation of Europe, Greenland and Anatolia. First, we typify the class Juncetea trifidi. Second, we describe four new alliances, such as the Puccinellion nuttallianae (Low-Arctic salt steppes of Greenland; class Saxifrago tricuspidatae-Calamagrostietea purpurascentis), Dryado octopetalae- Caricion arctisibiricae (Arctic tundra vegetation of north-eastern European Russia; class Carici rupestris- Kobresietea bellardii), Leontopodio nivalis-Elynion myosuroidis (southern European alpine tundra vegetation; class Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii) and Lagotido uralensis-Caricion ensifoliae (alpine tundra vegetation of the Southern Ural Mountains; class Juncetea trifidi). Two new associations are described within the first two of these alliances. Finally, we present an interpretation of the alliance Muscario-Scillion nivalis.
Med pripravo evropskega seznama vegetacijskih enot (EuroVegChecklist) je postalo jasno, da je potrebno za utrditev nomenklature nekatere zgodnejše opise sintaksonov veljavno tipizirati oziroma opisati nove sintaksone. V članku predlagamo nomenklaturne popravke in formalne opise štirih novih zvez za arktično, alpinsko in oro-mediteransko vegetacijo Evrope, Grenlandije in Anatolije. Najprej smo tipifizirali razred Juncetea trifidi. Kot drugo smo opisali štiri nove zveze: Puccinellion nuttallianae (nizke arktične slane stepe Grenlandije; razred Saxifrago tricuspidatae-Calamagrostietea purpurascentis), Dryado octopetalae-Caricion arctisibiricae (vegetacija arktične tundre severovzhodne evropske Rusije; razred Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii), Leontopodio nivalis-Elynion myosuroidis (vegetacija južno-evropske alpinske tundre; razred Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii) in Lagotido uralensis-Caricion ensifoliae (vegetacija alpinske tundre gorovja južnega Urala; razred Juncetea trifidi). V teh zvezah smo opisali dve novi asociaciji. Na koncu predstavljamo interpretacijo zveze Muscario-Scillion nivalis.
Orthopterans are well known to represent the majority of insect biomass in many grassland ecosystems. However, the verification of a relationship between the traditional descriptors of orthopteran ...assemblage structure and plant community patterns is not straightforward. We explore the usefulness of the concept of life forms to provide insights on such ecosystem level relationship. For this purpose, thirty sample sites in semi-natural calcareous grasslands were classified according to the relative proportion of dominant herbaceous plant life forms. Orthopteran species were grouped in four categories, based on the Bei-Bienko’s life form categorization. The association among plant communities, orthopteran assemblages and environmental factors was tested by means of canonical correspondence analysis. Orthoptera groups were found to be associated with distinct plant communities, also indicating the effect of vegetation change on orthopteran assemblages. In particular, geobionta species were associated with all the most disturbed plant communities, while chortobionta and thamnobionta seemed to be dependent on better preserved grassland types. Therefore, the use of life forms could help informing on the relationships of orthopteran assemblages with grassland conservation state. Information on such community relationships at the local scale could also assist managers in the interpretation of habitat change maps in terms of biodiversity changes.
Kobilice predstavljajo večino biomase žuželk v številnih travniških ekosistemih. Vendar povezava med tradicionalnimi opisi združb kobilic in rastlinskimi združbami ni enostavna. Raziskali smo uporabnost koncepta življenjskih oblik za proučevanje teh ekosistemskih odnosov. Za ta namen smo klasificirali trideset vzorčenih pol-naravnih karbonatnih travišč na podlagi deleža dominantnih življenjskih oblik zelišč. Vrste kobilic smo združili v štiri kategorije na podlagi kategorizacije življenjskih oblik po Bei-Bienko. Povezavo rastlinskih združb, vrstne sestave kobilic in okoljskih dejavnikov smo testirali z kanonično korespondenčno analizo. Skupine Orthoptera so se pojavljale v rastlinskih združbah in nakazovale tudi vpliv vegetacijskih sprememb na vrstno sestavo kobilic. Vrste giobiontov so se pojavljale v najbolj motenih rastlinskih združbah, medtem ko so hortobionti in tamnobionti bolj navezani na bolj ohranjene traviščne tipe. Zaključimo lahko, da nam življenjske oblike lahko pomagajo povezati vrstno sestavo kobilic s naravovarstvenim statusom travišča. Informacija o teh odnosih v združbi na lokalni ravni lahko pomaga upravljavcem pri tolmačenju kart, ki prikazujejo spremembe v habitatnih tipih kot spremembe v biodiverziteti.
The present paper describes the floristic composition and synecology of steppe-like dry grasslands occurring in a Natura 2000 site in North-Central Greece around the two karstic lakes of Vegoritida ...and Petron. In total, 245 releves of vascular plant species composition and abundance were sampled and subjected to cluster analysis and ordination analysis. Passive explanatory variables, including environmental parameters as well as indicator values, were used to support the ecological interpretation. Four plant communities were distinguished in the area, namely Artemisia campestris-Dasypyrum villosum, Chrysopogon gryllus-Bothriochloa ischaemum, Satureja montana-Artemisia alba and Stipa capillata-Koeleria macrantha. All communities were classified within the Festuco-Brometea class and the Astragalo-Potentilletalia order. Soil properties (soil reaction, moisture and nutrient content) and meso-climate factors (temperature variation along topographic gradients) were identified as the main factors determining the floristic differentiation among the four communities.
The dry grasslands harbor a number of species associated with steppic habitats. We discuss the relict character of the steppe-like vegetation.
V članku opisujemo floristično sestavo in sinekologijo stepi podobnih suhih travišč, ki se pojavljajo v Natura 2000 območju v severni centralni Grčiji okoli dveh kraških jezer Vegoritida in Petron. Vzorčili smo 245 vegetacijskih popisov in jih analizirali s klastrsko in ordinacijsko analizo. Rastišče smo interpretirali s pasivnimi pojasnjevalnimi spremenljivkami, kamor smo vključili okoljske spremenljivke in indikatorske vrednosti. Na raziskovanem območju smo ločili štiri rastlinske združbe: Artemisia campestris-Dasypyrum villosum, Chrysopogon gryllus-Bothriochloa ischaemum, Satureja montana-Artemisia alba in Stipa capillata-Koeleria macrantha. Vse združbe smo uvrstili v razred Festuco-Brometea in red Astragalo-Potentilletalia. Lastnosti tal (reakcija tal) in mezo klimatski dejavniki (spreminjanje temperature vzdolž topografskih gradientov) so glavni dejavniki, ki vplivajo na floristične razlike med štirimi rastlinskimi združbami.
V suhih traviščih najdemo številne vrste stepskih habitatov. V članku razpravljamo o reliktnem značaju stepi podobne vegetacije.
This study presents a floristic and vegetational analysis of the territory of the Onferno Nature Reserve. The site extends over about 120 hectares, and is located in central Italy, in a hilly area ...near the Adriatic coast. It is characterised by the presence of large gypsum blocks that have karst caves, where important colonies of bats lives. This study of the vegetation allowed the description of six main vegetation series, divided into three different geosigmeta: a geomorphological unit of gypsum substrata (Gessi di Onferno); a geomorphological unit of clay substrata (Formazione del Santerno); and a geomorphological unit of compact sandstone substrata (Formazione Montecalvo in Foglia). This floristic and vegetation studies carried out on the secondary grasslands (EC Habitat 6210) have allowed the evaluation of the grazing effects on the conservation of their biodiversity, and highlight the critical nature of this management method. Furthermore, on the basis of the vegetation studies, the list of habitats according to EC Directive 92/43/CEE has been better defined and updated.
V raziskavi so predstavljeni rezultati floristične in vegetacijske analize na območju naravnega rezervata Onferno. Rezervat obsega več kot 120 hektarjev in je v srednji Italiji v gričevnatem območju ob jadranski obali. V njem so značilni veliki bloki gipsa s kraškimi jamami, kjer živijo pomembne kolonije netopirjev. V vegetacijski anlizi smo opisali šest vegetacijskih serij, razdeljenih v tri različne geosigmete: geomorfološka enota na gipsu (Gessi di Onferno); geomorfološka enota na glini (Formazione del Santerno) in geomorfološka enota na kompaktnem peščenjaku (Formazione Montecalvo in Foglia). Z rezultati floristične in vegetacijske raziskave na sekundarnih traviščih (EC Habitat 6210) smo lahko ovrednotili učinke paše na varovanje biodiverzitete in izpostavili kritične točke tega načina gospodarjenja. Na osnovi vegetacijske analize smo lahko bolje določili in dopolnili seznam habitatnih tipov v skladu s habitatno direktivo (EC Directive 92/43/CEE).
Distribution, morphological types and coenotic affinity of Gagea bohemica in Slovakia was studied during 2008-2011. Revision of herbarium material showed presence of three taxa in the flora: 1) ...subsp. bohemica, 2) subsp. bohemica var. stenochlamydea and 3) subsp. saxatilis. Taxonomic status of var. stenochlamydea is uncertain and requires further research. In total, 42 localities of G. bohemica sensu lato were documented. Nominate subsp. bohemica (including var. stenochlamydea) predominated and it was recently confirmed at 21 localities. These current sites represent about 50% of all known sites, therefore we re-assessed the status of G. bohemica in the Slovak Red List and we proposed the IUCN category EN (endangered) for this taxon. Subsp. saxatilis was found as new to Slovakia. The taxon occurred only at single locality (Vinosady) and it was not confirmed recently. We assessed it as data deficient (DD).
Proučevali smo razširjenost, morfološke tipe in fitocenološko navezanost vrste Gagea bohemica na Slovaškem v obdobju 2008-2011. Z revizijo herbarijskega materiala smo dokazali prisotnost treh taksonov: 1) subsp. bohemica, 2) subsp. bohemica var. stenochlamydea in 3) subsp. saxatilis. Taksonomski status var. stenochlamydea je negotov in potrebne so dodatne raziskave. Skupno smo zabeležili 42 lokalitet vrste G. bohemica sensu lato. Podvrsta subsp. bohemica (ki vključuje tudi var. stenochlamydea) prevladuje in je bila potrjena na 21 lokalitetah. Ta rastišča predstavljajo približno polovico vseh znanih, zato smo ponovno ocenili status vrste G. bohemica v Rdečem seznamu Slovaške in za ta takson predlagamo IUCN kategorijo EN (prizadeta vrsta). Pojavljenje podvrste subsp. saxatilis je novo na Slovaškem. Našli smo jo samo na eni lokaliteti (Vinosady) in uspevanje v zadnjem času ni bilo potrejno. Ocenjujemo jo s kategorijo DD (premalo podatkov).
The grasslands dominated by Bromus erectus and/or Brachypodium rupestre cover large areas on sandstone and marl-clay-sandstone substrata (limestone is excluded), of the Apennines and pre-Apennines ...between Pistoia and Arezzo provinces (Tuscany, Central Italy). Our investigation was focused on to 71 unpublished releves and 45 literature releves from Tuscany and surrounding areas, reporting the original releves of Astragalo monspessulani-Brometum erecti, Centaureo bracteatae-Brometum erecti and Ononido masquillerii-Brometum erecti. The releves were submitted to exploratory multivariate analysis, allowing to detect nine distinct groups. Their consistence was verified by mean of NMDS against Ellenberg/Pignatti indicator values, and CCA constrained against chorotypes and growth forms. Diagnostic species of the definitive groups resulting from the analysis were chosen according to species fidelity, based on the φ coefficient of association. The analysis splits the data set in two main subclusters; the first one (A) includes few releves of low altitude, thermophilous conenoses, interpreted as a transition between the submediterranean aspects of Festuco-Brometea class and other Mediterranean herbaceous and shrubby classes; the second subcluster (B) includes most of the data set and can be clearly subdivided in pioneering, mesoxerophilous communities (B1 and B2a groups) and mesophilous communities (B2b group). The releves of clusters B1 and B2a are referred to Coronillo minimae-Astragaletum monspessulanii association and to three other groups: Plantago argentea-Carex caryophyllea communities, Tragopogon samaritani-Bromus erectus communities, Festuco trachyphyllae-Brometum erecti ass. nova. The mesophilous group (B2b) includes the original Centaureo bracteatae-Brometum erecti and Ononido masquillerii-Brometum erecti releves, together with a slightly differentiated community; due to the non-relevant differences between these grassland types from floristic, ecological and chorological perspectives, we propose herewith to treat them as three subassociations of Centaureo bracteatae-Brometum erecti (typicum, ononidetosum masquillerii and linetosum cathartici). Post-cultural grasslands in human-disturbed areas were also detected. All these communities can be attributed to Polygalo mediterraneae-Bromenion erecti suballiance (Bromion alliance), even if a clear subdivision between the mesoxerophilous pioneer aspects and the more mesophilous and evolved ones can be noted.
Travišča v katerih prevladujeta vrsti Bromus erectus in/ali Brachypodium rupestre pokrivajo velike površine na podlagi iz peščenjaka in laporasto-glinastega peščenjaka (apnenec je izključen) na Apeninih in območju pred njimi med provincama Pistoia in Arezzo (Toskana, srednja Italija). Naša raziskava je bila osredotočena na 71 neobjavljenih in 45 objavljenih vegetacijskih popisov iz Toskane in sosednjih območij. Originalni popisi opisujejo asociacije Astragalo monspessulani-Brometum erecti, Centaureo bracteatae-Brometum erecti in Ononido masquillerii-Brometum erecti. Popise smo obdelali z multivariatno analizo s katero smo zaznali 9 skupin. Konsistenstnost skupin smo preverili s povprečjem NMDS proti Ellenberg/Pignatti indikatorskim vrednostim in CCA proti horotipom in rastnim oblikam. Diagnostične vrste posameznih skupin smo določili z navezanostjo vrst, ki temelji na φ koeficientu asociacije. Z analizo smo podatkovni niz razdelili na dva klastra; prvi (A) vključuje nekaj popisov termofilne cenoze z nižje nadmorske višine, ki jih opišemo kot prehod med submediteranskim aspektom razreda Festuco-Brometea in drugih mediteranskih zeliščnih in grmiščnih razredov; drugi klaster (B) pa vključuje večino podatkovnega niza in ga lahko členimo na pionirske, mezokserofilne (skupini B1 in B2a) in mezofilne združbe (skupina B2b). Popise klastrov B1 in B2a uvrščamo v asociacijo Coronillo minimae-Astragaletum monspessulanii in tri druge skupine: združba Plantago argentea-Carex caryophyllea, združba Tragopogon samaritani-Bromus erectus in Festuco trachyphyllae-Brometum erecti ass. nova. Mezofilna skupina (B2b) vključuje popise asociacij Centaureo bracteatae-Brometum erecti in Ononido masquillerii- Brometum erecti, skupaj z delno spremenjeno združbo. Zaradi majhnih razlik v florističnem, ekološkem in horološkem pogledu med temi traviščnimi tipi predlagamo, da jih obravnavamo kot tri subasociacije Centaureo bracteatae-Brometum erecti (typicum, ononidetosum masquillerii in linetosum cathartici). Opisali smo tudi nekaj negospodarjenih travišč na motenih rastiščih. Vse združbe lahko uvrstimo v podzvezo Polygalo mediterraneae- Bromenion erecti (podzveza Bromion), čeprav je opazna delitev med mezokserofilnim pionirskim in mezofilnim in bolj razvitim aspektom.
Within this research paper, the enforcement of agricultural policy measures for farms that have their agricultural lands within the Radensko Polje Landscape Park (RPLP) were studied. The purpose of ...the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the additional payment for the extensive rearing of female bovine animals (ERB) and agrienvironmental measures (AE measures) in terms of maintaining extensive agricultural systems or transitions from intensive systems to sustainable ones. This is especially desirable in the protected areas that also include landscape parks. The results of the survey of farmers of RPLP showed that both the ERB and AE measures are inefficient and fail to encourage farmers to implement more extensive farming. The main reasons for the poor enforcement of claims for ERB are intensive livestock production (milk production or bovine animals fattening), and the lack of information about the possibility of claim enforcement for ERB. Regarding AE measures, the main reasons for the failure are burdensome conditions and low financial compensation. Inventories of the composition of plant species on sample grasslands showed that the conditions of the habitats are still relatively good, because a relatively large number of species of high conservation value is present.
V raziskavi smo na območju Krajinskega parka Radensko polje (KPRP) proučevali uveljavljanje ukrepov kmetijske politike za kmetije, ki imajo kmetijska zemljišča znotraj parka. Namen naloge je bil ugotoviti učinkovitost dodatnega plačila za ekstenzivno rejo ženskih govedi (ERG) in ukrepov kmetijsko okoljskega programa (KOP) v smislu ohranjanja ekstenzivnih kmetijskih sistemov oziroma prehodov iz intenzivnih sistemov v trajnostno naravnane. To je še posebej zaželeno na zavarovanih območjih, med katere sodijo tudi krajinski parki. Rezultati ankete pri kmetovalcih so pokazali, da so tako ukrep ERG kot ukrepi KOP na območju KPRP neučinkoviti in ne stimulirajo kmetovalcev k izvajanju bolj ekstenzivnega kmetijstva. Glavni razlogi za slabo uveljavljanje zahtevkov za ukrep ERG so v usmerjenosti v bolj intenzivno živinorejo (prireja mleka oziroma reja pitancev) in v premajhni informiranosti o možnosti uveljavljanja tega ukrepa. Pri ukrepih KOP so glavni razlogi za neuveljavljanje prezahtevni pogoji in premajhna finančna nadomestila. S popisi vegetacije vzorčnih travišč na območju parka smo ugotovili, da je kljub neuveljavljanju zahtevkov stanje habitatov še zmeraj relativno dobro, saj je še prisotno relativno veliko število naravovarstveno pomembnih vrst.
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