Prispevek govori o selitvenih procesih skozi Trst in prometni vlogi glavnega avstrijskega pristanišča v mednarodnem prekomorskem izseljevanju med letoma 1890 in 1914. V središču obravnave so propadla ...prizadevanja za vzpostavitev ladijskih prog za izseljence skozi Trst v letih 1888/89; zapoznel vstop Trsta v mednarodni posel prevažanja izseljencev in vloga, ki jo je odigral v prekomorskem izseljenskem prometu iz vzhodne in jugovzhodne Evrope, predvsem iz avstro-ogrske monarhije; organizacijski vidiki izseljenskega prevoza, od prihoda izseljencev po železnici in njihovega bivanja v mestu pred vkrcanjem, do problemov, s katerimi so se zaradi nezadostnih in neustreznih nastanitvenih struktur spoprijemali izseljenci, ladjarske družbe in mestne oblasti; posledice, ki jih je imela vse večja množica potnikov za javni red in vsakdanje življenje v mestu. Prispevek se posveča tudi izseljenskemu prometu mimo Trsta oziroma skozenj proti Genovi in severnoevropskim pristaniščem ter prometu skozi Ljubljano.
“Istarski egzodus”, iseljavanje oko 250 tisuća ljudi, mahom Talijana, iz Istre, Rijeke i Dalmacije u Italiju (pretežno u Trst) nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata, od tada do danas u talijanskom je ...kulturnom prostoru prošao različite faze pamćenja. Do devedesetih godina XX. stoljeća postojao je u sjećanjima samih ezula, u pretežno lokalnoj historiografiji te u popularnom tisku. Nakon devedesetih postao je dijelom talijanskoga nacionalnog pamćenja i sveprisutnom temom na državnoj razini. Članak se bavi sadašnjim stanjem pamćenja egzodusa analizom odabranih mjesta pamćenja i kulturnih događaja u Trstu radi razumijevanja procesa konstrukcije identiteta utemeljenog na migracijskom iskustvu te razloga zbog kojih u ovom pograničnom području još uvijek nije ostvareno zajedničko pamćenje.
We demonstrate three-terminal λ-type negative differential resistance (NDR) tunneling real-space transfer transistors (TRSTT) with InGaAs and a δ-doped GaAs dual-channel structure on a (100) GaAs ...substrate. The NDR mechanism is attributed to the electron tunneling transfer from a high-mobility InGaAs channel to a low-mobility δ-doped GaAs channel, as well as to a gate electrode through a Schottky cap layer. The maximum of the peak-to-valley current ratio and the transconductance of the peak current density ( g m = Δ J P /Δ V GS ) reach 3.3 and 72 mS/mm, respectively. The invert operation of MOBILE is realized by employing two TRSTTs connected in series at room temperature.
U ovome su radu prikazani odnosi istarskoga poluotoka i grada Trsta kroz povijest, s težištem na razdoblju od 18. stoljeća do danas. Utvrđena je uloga Trsta kao gospodarskog i trgovačkog ...gravitacijskog središta za područje Istre, njegova uloga značajnog crkvenog i upravnog središta, odredišta radnih i inih iseljavanja te kulturnog i prosvjetnog središta. Raščlamba odnosa Istre i Trsta navodi na zaključak da su tijekom čitavog tog razdoblja bili premreženi neraskidivim vezama.
Boundary-making in Istria is an old undertaking. It has actually never ceasesed, not even today. Istrian peninsula has thus undergone substantial boundary shifts during the last couple of centuries ...(especially after the Venetian demise in 1797). But Istria carries its worldwide fame also due to one of probably the harshest disputes on the post-war European grounds – the Trieste territory dispute. In author's perspective, this dispute is one of the four main corner-stones of the current Slovenian-Croatian boundary dispute. The remaining three include the Kozler's boundary around Dragonja (Rokava) River, the ungraspable notions of Austrian censuses in Istria, and the narratives of partisan settlements on military jurisdiction. However, there are other very important aspects which significantly shaped the development of the dispute, but we will focus at assessing the importance of the aforementioned ones. In this sense, the analysis of the effects of the outcome of the Trieste dispute and its implications to the contemporary interstate dispute is set forth. By unveiling its material and consequently its psychological effects upon the contemporary bilateral relations, its analyses simultaneously reveals backgrounds of never answered question, why Kozler's proposed linguistic boundary around Dragonja (Rokava) River turned out to become a boundary of national character. Though nowadays disputed, there is absolutely no chance for both involved parties to substantially draw away from once decisively drawn line of a layman. Despite the fierce battle of words in Slovenian public media on whether should the interstate boundary be placed on Mirna (Quieto) or Dragonja Rivers, it will be argued here that the actual choice of the Valley of Dragonja as a boundary is by all means Slovenian. The arguments are based on extensive analyses of cartographic materials, relevant literature, documents, and statistical data.
This article offers an overview of the first peacetime activities of the Partisan Yugoslav Army in the second half of 1945. The article covers matters such as organisation, numbers, legal ...regulations, and command, followed by the transition to peacetime life in barracks throughout Yugoslavia as well as border security. The Yugoslav Army was formed on 1 March 1945 from the Partisan People’s Liberation Army of Yugoslavia. After the formation of the provisional government of Democratic Federative Yugoslavia, the People’s Defence Commission was reformed into the Ministry of People’s Defence headed by Marshal Tito. On 31 May 1945, Marshal Tito signed an order on the formation and location of the highest strategic commands of the six armies of Yugoslavia’s ground forces as well as the Air Force, Navy, military schools, and the internal army – the People’s Defence Corps of Yugoslavia. A separate and new part of the Yugoslav Army was the security service, i.e. the counterintelligence service. This paper examines the first activities of the Partisan army in peacetime – in the barracks – as well as its role in the Trieste crisis and the occupation of a part of Austria. The Army’s role in the first post-war elections on 11 November 1945 is also covered. The demobilisation of excess members of the Army took place only after these elections and the formal change of thesocial order i.e. the abolition of the monarchy.
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Nos travaux ont cherché à mieux comprendre les mécanismes à l’origine de la virulence de Staphylococcus lugdunensis, espèce au pouvoir pathogène proche de celui de Staphylococcus aureus. Nous avons ...procédé à la première caractérisation fonctionnelle chez cette espèce d’un système à deux composants, LytSR. Ce système s’est révélé impliqué dans le contrôle de processus métaboliques majeurs et dans la virulence. Il est en effet impliqué dans la formation de biofilm, probablement en lien avec le contrôle exercé sur la mort cellulaire. LytSR est de plus impliqué dans la pathogenèse des infections à S. lugdunensis, comme démontré dans le modèle d’infection du nématode Caenorhabditis elegans. Pour mieux caractériser et suivre la diffusion de clones prédominants chez cette espèce, nous avons dans un deuxième volet développé trois nouvelles méthodes de typage (MLVA, TRST et fbl-typing), reposant sur le polymorphisme de séquences répétées en tandem. Ces méthodes se sont révélées très discriminantes, permettant la définition de nouveaux génotypes chez cette espèce clonale. Ces outils sont à ce titre très prometteurs pour des études micro- comme macro-épidémiologiques chez S. lugdunensis, le fbl-typing apparaissant à bien des égards comme l’outil utilisable en première ligne (http://fbl-typing.univ-rouen.fr/). Enfin, nous avons montré que la variabilité de la liaison de S. lugdunensis au fibrinogène in vitro peut être en partie expliquée par des variations génétiques de fbl.
Our work has sought to better understand mechanisms involved in Staphylococcus lugdunensis virulence, a species whose pathogenicity is close to that of Staphylococcus aureus. We performed the first functional characterization of a two-component regulatory system, LytSR, in this species. This system has been shown to be involved in the control of major metabolic processes and in virulence. It is indeed involved in biofilm formation, probably in connection with the control of cell death. LytSR is furthermore implicated in the pathogenesis of S. lugdunensis infections, as demonstrated in the infection model of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. To better characterize and monitor the diffusion of predominant clones in this species, we have in a second part developed three new typing methods (MLVA, TRST and fbl-typing), based on the polymorphism of variable number of tandem repeats. These methods were highly discriminant, allowing the definition of new genotypes in this clonal species. These tools are very promising for micro- and macro-epidemiological studies in S. lugdunensis, fbl-typing appearing in many ways as the frontline tool (http://fbl-typing.univ-rouen.fr/). Finally, we have shown that the variability of the binding of S. lugdunensis to fibrinogen in vitro can be partly explained by some fbl genetic variations.
Određivanje granica u Istri je stari pothvat. Ustvari, nije prestao čak ni danas. U posljednjih nekoliko stoljeća granice na istarskom poluotoku doživjele su značajne promjene (posebice nakon ...propasti Mletačke Republike 1797. godine). No Istra je također zbog prijepora oko teritorija Trsta nadaleko poznata kao jedno od problematičnijih graničnih područja u Europi u poslijeratnom razdoblju. Prema mišljenju autora, ovaj problem je jedan od četiriju glavnih suvremenih graničnih problema između Slovenije i Hrvatske. Ostala tri su Kozlerova granica oko rijeke Dragonje (Rokave), nejasni pojmovi u austrijskim popisima u Istri, te priče o partizanskim naseljima pod vojnom upravom. No postoje i drugi važni aspekti koji su značajno utjecali na razvoj ovoga spora, ali u ovom radu pozornost će biti usmjerena na prije navedene probleme. U skladu s time analiziraju se učinci ishoda spora oko tršćanskog teritorija i njihov utjecaj na suvremene granične probleme. Upozoravanjem na materijalne i psihološke učinke ovoga spora na suvremene bilateralne odnose te njegovom analizom također se otkriva pozadina nikad odgovorenog pitanja – zašto je lingvistička granica oko Rijeke Dragonje (Rokave) koju je predložio Kozler postala granica od nacionalnog značenja. Iako je danas navedena granica često osporavana, teško je očekivati da će obje strane odustati od granice koju je jednom odredio laik. Unatoč snažnim prijeporima u slovenskim javnim medijima vezanim uz pitanje treba li međudržavna granica biti na rijekama Mirni i Dragonji, u radu je utvrđeno da je izbor granice u dolini rijeke Dragonje zapravo slovenski. Argumenti se temelje na opsežnoj analizi kartografskih materijala, relevantne literature, dokumenata i statističkih podataka.
Članak pruža uvid u statistiku stanovništva u općini Trst u drugoj polovici 18. stoljeća, nakon što je Austrija 1754. godine uvela jedinstveni državni demografski statistički sustav. Još 1770. godine ...popisivanje stanovništva bilo je podređeno vojnim interesima, a sustav je dobio konskripcijski karakter. Autor analizira tehničke i metodološke karakteristike tih konskripcija te poteškoće i nedostatke do kojih je dolazilo pri njihovom izvođenju u Trstu i njegovom neposrednom zaleđu. Uzroke treba tražiti u metodološkoj kompleksnosti sustava i u činjenici da je Trst bio izuzet iz vojne regrutacije i da su u gradu upotrebljavani drugačiji kriteriji za popisivanje.
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