Using a newly developed version of the Trust Game among 196 adolescents aged 11-20 years, this study examined whether adolescents distinguish between trust and reciprocity to unknown peers, friends, ...and community members. We also tested for effects of age, gender, and individual differences in attending to others' emotions, emotional support to friends, societal contributions, and institutional and interpersonal trust beliefs. Results indicated that adolescents showed the least trust and reciprocity to unknown peers, more to a community member, and most to friends. Reciprocity increased with age, and individual differences in societal contributions and interpersonal trust were positively related to trust and reciprocity. This study was the first to show that community members are a specific target in adolescents' social world.
With the onset of the Internet of Things (IoT) era, the number of IoT devices and sensors is increasing tremendously. This paper is concerned with a health IoT system consisting of various IoT ...devices carried by members of an environmental health community. We propose a novel trust-based decision making protocol that uses trust-based information sharing among the health IoT devices, so that a collective knowledge base can be built to rate the environment at a particular location and time. This knowledge would enable an IoT device acting on behalf of its user to decide whether or not it should visit this place/environment for health reasons. Unlike existing trust management protocols, our trust-based health IoT protocol considers risk classification, reliability trust, and loss of health probability as three design dimensions for decision making, resulting in a protocol suitable for decision making in health IoT systems. Our protocol is resilient to noisy sensing data provided by IoT devices either unintentionally or intentionally. We present performance data of our trust-based health IoT protocol and conduct a comparative performance analysis of our protocol with two baseline protocols to demonstrate the feasibility.
Social class is a multifaceted social category that shapes numerous states and psychological processes, as well as the manner in which we relate to others. Trust, on the other hand, is a prerequisite ...for the initiation and maintenance of satisfactory social relationships. With 899 participants of both sexes drawn from the general population, this study examined the relationship between membership in a particular social class and three different types of trust: generalized, interpersonal, and depersonalized ingroup (social class). It was found that social class was positively related to generalized trust and negatively to interpersonal trust and depersonalized ingroup trust. These relationships were independent of the participants’gender, age, and political ideology. The results are discussed in light of the importance of the existing relationship between a variable of macrosocial order, such as social class, and psychological variables, such as the different types of trust analyzed.
Trust and Financial Reporting Quality GARRETT, JACE; HOITASH, RANI; PRAWITT, DOUGLAS F.
Journal of accounting research,
December 2014, Letnik:
52, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Using unique survey data from Great Place to Work® Institute, we investigate the association of intraorganizational trust (i.e., employees' trust in management) with three aspects of financial ...reporting: accruals quality, misstatements, and internal control quality. We find that trust is associated with better accrual quality, lower likelihood of financial statement misstatements, and lower likelihood of internal control material weakness disclosures. However, these effects are not uniform across all companies. Consistent with trust improving financial reporting quality through improved information production and information sharing, we find that trust is significantly associated with financial reporting quality in relatively decentralized firms, but not in firms that are relatively centralized. Our results are robust to several analyses that attempt to control for potential alternative explanations.
Although strategic alliances offer opportunities for knowledge sharing and leveraging, they also carry the risk of knowledge leakage to partner firms. In this study, we conceptualize the notion of ...knowledge leakage as a multidimensional construct and formalize its measurement. We examine the effects of two dominant governance mechanisms—trust (goodwill trust and competence trust) and formal contracts on knowledge leakage. A survey of 205 partnering firms in China indicates that goodwill trust has a U-shaped relationship with knowledge leakage, whereas competence trust has a negative impact. Moreover, goodwill trust and competence trust interact differently with formal contracts on knowledge leakage. This study offers important theoretical and managerial insights for firms to manage knowledge leakage in strategic alliances.
•Knowledge leakage is a second-order construct that comprises distinct but related dimensions.•Moderate goodwill trust is effective in curbing knowledge leakage.•Competence trust is an effective mechanism in protecting private knowledge.•Goodwill trust and competence trust interact with formal contracts in distinctive ways to influence knowledge leakage.
Although the theory of epistemic trust has started informing research in clinical populations and psychotherapy, no study has yet explored the phenomenon of epistemic trust and mistrust in depressed ...adolescents receiving psychotherapy. The present study aims to address this gap by creating a typology of depressed adolescents' experiences regarding their different journeys through the course of psychotherapy in relation to issues of epistemic trust and mistrust over a 2-year period. This study is based on a post hoc analysis of interview data collected for a broader purpose. A total of 45 semistructured interviews at three time points were conducted with 15 adolescents (80% female; Mage = 15.28, SD = 1.79) who entered treatment with indications of epistemic mistrust or hypervigilance. These interviews were qualitatively analyzed using ideal type analysis. Three distinct journeys of adolescents' experiences were identified. Some experienced a shift from epistemic mistrust to epistemic trust which seemed to be associated with the experience of therapy; other adolescents also showed a shift but did not consider it as an outcome of therapy; and finally, some adolescents reported continued mistrust over the 2-year period. An interpersonal component within or beyond therapy may be the key to breaking the vicious cycle of epistemic mistrust and generating epistemic trust; but not all depressed adolescents in therapy achieve this. Particular attention should be drawn to depressed adolescents who have difficulty making use of therapy and/or their broader social environment. Psychological interventions may need to openly address their issues of mistrust in early sessions as epistemic mistrust or hypervigilance may hinder paths to learning both within and beyond therapy. Treatments that intervene at the level of the wider social system are encouraged.
Public Significance Statement
This study highlights the importance of addressing trust issues within and beyond therapy when treating depression in adolescents. A therapist who displays a level of expertise and empathy or any supportive adult outside therapy who acts as a reliable source of knowledge for adolescents can help generate epistemic trust and trigger a capacity for social learning, in turn leading to recovery from depression.
Objective
This paper presents a theoretical model and two simulator studies on the psychological processes during early trust calibration in automated vehicles.
Background
The positive outcomes of ...automation can only reach their full potential if a calibrated level of trust is achieved. In this process, information on system capabilities and limitations plays a crucial role.
Method
In two simulator experiments, trust was repeatedly measured during an automated drive. In Study 1, all participants in a two-group experiment experienced a system-initiated take-over, and the occurrence of a system malfunction was manipulated. In Study 2 in a 2 × 2 between-subject design, system transparency was manipulated as an additional factor.
Results
Trust was found to increase during the first interactions progressively. In Study 1, take-overs led to a temporary decrease in trust, as did malfunctions in both studies. Interestingly, trust was reestablished in the course of interaction for take-overs and malfunctions. In Study 2, the high transparency condition did not show a temporary decline in trust after a malfunction.
Conclusion
Trust is calibrated along provided information prior to and during the initial drive with an automated vehicle. The experience of take-overs and malfunctions leads to a temporary decline in trust that was recovered in the course of error-free interaction. The temporary decrease can be prevented by providing transparent information prior to system interaction.
Application
Transparency, also about potential limitations of the system, plays an important role in this process and should be considered in the design of tutorials and human-machine interaction (HMI) concepts of automated vehicles.
This article provides an original analysis of the crisis in transatlantic relations during the Trump presidency by drawing on two theories of trust: Hoffman's work on trusting interstate ...relationships, focused on decision-makers' policies, and Keating and Ruzicka's work on hedging strategies. Hoffman conceptualizes interstate trust as when the trustees are expected to "do what is right" because of shared norms and values; we compare this fiduciary or moralistic approach with the predictive approach, which considers trust a strategic and rational choice made by state leaders with material interests and gains in mind. Applying this theoretical framework, we examine the impact of Trump's "America First" foreign policy on transatlantic relations, showing that there has been a pronounced shift from the fiduciary to the predictive form of trust, a development that challenges the very essence of transatlantic relations. Moreover, we also discuss the hedging initiatives adopted by the European allies in order to cope with this crisis of trust. The article concludes that in spite of periodic crises in the past, Trump's approach to allies and to transatlantic relations created a crisis of trust unlike any seen before, one which will not be overcome merely by a change of US president.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The article is devoted to the sociological analysis of the level of trust of the Russian society to the authorities in the conditions of Russia's special military operation in Ukraine. The events of ...February 2022 became a turning point not only in the global, but also in the internal Russian socio-political situation, marking the beginning of cardinal transformations in the mood and public position of Russian citizens. Under such conditions, the institution of trust becomes one of the most important priorities in ensuring the sustainability of the Russian statehood. The analysis is based on the comparison of data from expert surveys conducted with the author's participation in 2022-2023 with the results of the all-Russian sociological monitoring "How are you, Russia?" (both studies were conducted by ISPR FCTAS RAS). The assessment of both expert and mass sociological surveys allows us to conclude that the majority of society understands the crucial nature of the special military operation for the future of the country and supports it. Over the two years since the beginning of the special operation, citizens' trust in the president and the institutions of power has grown, the course for the denazification of Ukraine, according to experts, is supported by key actors of civil society (although the categorical attitude to the special operation, whether positive or negative, is gradually being replaced by a neutral one, which may be due to the routinisation of the subject). Based on the analysis of the dynamics of expert assessments and sociological monitoring data, the author concludes that a new social reality has emerged in the country, the distinctive feature of which is the formation of a stable nucleus of social actors that maintain a high level of public trust in the state, but it has not become prevalent and unchanged at the moment.
Based on the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), this study examined the role of consumers’ initial trust in the persuasion process in e-commerce advertising in China. The results of two experiments ...revealed two significant moderators of the central route for processing of information: the disposition to trust (negative moderator) and institution-based trust (IBT; positive moderator). Specifically, low disposition to trust strengthened the influence of argument quality on consumers’ product attitude and purchase intention. The same effect occurred under conditions of high IBT. However, when it came to the peripheral route, the effects of disposition to trust and IBT were not significant.
