Kriz dönemleri işletmelerin hassas oldukları dönemlerdir ve bu dönemlerde alınan kararların yapıcı ya da bozucu etkileri olabilmektedir. Kararların nihai amacı işletme kaynaklarının korunmasına ...yöneliktir. Ancak kriz dönemlerinde işletmeler çoğunlukla fiziki kaynaklarını korumaya yönelik planlar yaparken krizin ve kararların insan kaynağına olan etkilerini göz ardı edebilmektedirler. İşletmelerin aldıkları her bir karar çalışanların örgüte yönelik beklentilerinin ve inançlarının şekillenmesine yani güven veya güvensizliğin oluşmasına neden olmaktadır. İnsanı diğer tüm işletme kaynaklarından farklı ve önemli kılan “sosyal” yönün temel basamağı olan güven kriz dönemlerinde alınan kararlardan olumlu ya da olumsuz şekilde etkilenmektedir. Bu çalışmada Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde işletmelerin çalışanlara yönelik aldıkları kararların örgütsel güven düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca alınan kararların sermaye türüne bağlı olarak farklılık gösterip göstermediği incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda 648 çalışandan anket tekniği ile veriler toplanmış ve analizler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular kriz dönemlerinde işletmeler tarafından alınan kararların çalışanların örgütsel güven düzeylerini etkilediğini aynı zamanda bu kararların işletmelerin sermaye türüne göre farklılaştığını göstermektedir.
Crisis are periods when businesses are sensitive, and decisions made during a crisis may have constructive or disruptive effects. The ultimate purpose of the decisions is aimed at protecting the enterprise resources. However, during a crisis, businesses are mostly able to ignore the effects of the crisis and decisions on human resources while making plans to protect their physical resources. Each decision made by the businesses leads to the formation of employees' expectations and beliefs towards the organization, that is, the formation of trust or distrust. Trust, which is the basic step of the “social” aspect that makes a person different and important from all other business resources, is positively or negatively affected by decisions. In this study, the effect of the decisions made by businesses towards employees during the Covid-19 pandemic on organizational trust was investigated. In addition, it was examined whether the decisions differed depending on the type of capital. In this context, data were collected from 648 employees using the survey technique. The findings demonstrate that the decisions made by businesses during the Covid-19 pandemic affect the organizational trust, at the same time, these decisions differ according to the type of capital.
This paper addresses the problem of determining trustworthiness of Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) in a cloud environment. For the current work, trustworthiness is defined as the degree of compliance ...of a CSP to the promised quantitative QoS parameters as defined in the Service Level Agreement (SLA). Due to large number of CSPs offering similar kinds of services in the cloud environment, it has become a challenging task for Cloud Clients (CCs) to identify and differentiate between the trustworthy and untrustworthy CSPs. At present, there is no trust evaluation system that allows CCs to evaluate the trustworthiness of CSPs on the basis of their adherence to the SLA i.e. the compliance provided by the CSPs to CCs as per the SLAs. This paper proposes a Compliance-based Multi-dimensional Trust Evaluation System (CMTES) that enables CCs to determine the trustworthiness of a CSP from different perspectives, as trust is a subjective concept. Such a system is of great help to CCs who want to choose a CSP from a pool of CSPs, satisfying their desired QoS requirements. The framework enables us to evaluate the trustworthiness of a CSP from the CC’s perspective, Cloud Auditor’s perspective, Cloud Broker’s perspective and Peers’ perspective. Experimental results show that the CMTES is effective and stable in differentiating trustworthy and untrustworthy CSPs. The validation of the CMTES has been done with the help of synthetic data due to lack of standardized dataset and its applicability has been demonstrated with the help of a case study involving the use of real cloud data.
•The paper presents a compliance-based multi-dimensional trust evaluation system (CMTES).•CMTES supports evaluation of trustworthiness from the viewpoint of various stakeholders like Cloud Auditor, Peers and Cloud Broker, etc.•CMTES uses Improved TOPSIS technique to derive trustworthiness from compliance values.•Mathematical descriptions supporting CMTES have been provided.•The strategy has been simulated using synthetic as well as real cloud data.
This study explored voters’ perceptions of Donald Trump regarding their general trust in his presidential leadership. In 2019, a little over 2 years into Trump’s first term, Shockley-Zalabak and ...Morreale administered an online census-representative survey to 1,500 registered voters in all 50 states, examining their trust perceptions of Trump. The purpose of the survey was to explore voters’ perceptions of President Donald Trump in three regards: (a) in what ways, if at all, did voters’ perceptions change in 2019 by comparison to a similar survey conducted by these researchers in 2016; (b) in what ways might any changes in voters’ perceptions be a function of voter demographics; and (c) in what ways might any changes in voters’ perceptions be related to five critical drivers that underlie trust? The findings of this study support other polls and the more popular press conclusions that Donald Trump is a divisive individual who has retained a generally low-trust evaluation throughout his political career. The demographic divides evidenced in 2016 remained in 2019 and shifted to more polarized and more extreme positions. In other words, those who in 2016 had evaluated Trump most favorably increased their favorability ratings, while those distrusting Trump increased in that distrust. Finally, because of the unpreceded crises of the global pandemic, economic crisis, and racial tensions of 2020, this study’s findings are used to postulate about the implications of presidential trust or the lack therefore during the first half of 2020.
Relying on market-based housing policies has been inadequate to meet the need for affordable and sustainable housing and has heightened disparities in the housing system, especially along lines of ...race and gender. Community land trusts (CLTs) promise more equitable ways of providing stable, secure, and affordable housing for those marginalized in market-based housing. Yet there has been limited research comparing CLT housing with mainstream tenures. Using data from the first sample survey of CLT owners (N = 216) that includes comparison groups of market owners (N = 142) and renters (N = 130) drawn from similar low- and moderate-income populations, we find that those who purchase CLT homes are similar demographically to renters but compared with market owners are more likely to be Black and from households headed by women. We find no difference between CLT and market-rate homeowners in terms of benefits often attributed to homeownership, specifically financial well-being, stability, and a sense of house as home. CLT owners report having more time and resources to pursue desired activities than do market owners. Despite their demographic similarity to CLT owners, renters fare worse on all of these dimensions. We conclude with policy recommendations for housing tenures that provide permanent affordability, greater social equality and greater democratic resident control.
Travelers have increasingly used mega review sites as an information source during the decision-making processes. This study focuses on the significant role of the authenticity of online reviews on ...mega review sites in formulating travelers’ behavioral intention as well as trust toward both websites and their service (i.e., destinations). Extending trust transfer theory, this study aims to formulate a research model and investigate associations among three aspects of trust (i.e., cognitive and affective trust toward mega review sites and trust toward destinations the websites recommend) to predict travelers’ behavioral intention (e.g., purchase). The empirical results indicate the significant roles of perceived authenticity of online comments and trust in the context of online tourism. This study provides some implications for online review management among website administrators.
This study investigates the impact of an increasingly common behavior by supervisors, namely boss phubbing (phone-snubbing). We define boss phubbing (BPhubbing) as the extent to which a supervisor ...uses or is distracted by his/her cell phone while in the presence of subordinates, and examine its impact on supervisory trust and the psychological conditions necessary for employee engagement. Three studies were conducted to test the research hypotheses, using both a continuous measure and a situational prime of BPhubbing. The results reveal that BPhubbing has a negative indirect effect on employee engagement. Specifically, BPhubbing reduces employee engagement by undermining supervisory trust which, in turn, lowers employee engagement via the psychological conditions of meaningfulness and availability. This research offers both theoretical and practical implications regarding how smartphone use, and BPhubbing in particular, may undermine job-related outcomes. The results provide a rich theoretical understanding of the psychological processes through which BPhubbing impacts employee engagement. The findings suggest a need for supervisory training and clear corporate policies regarding smartphone use.
•A nine-item boss phubbing (Phone snubbing) scale is introduced.•Boss phubbing undermines supervisory trust.•Lack of supervisory trust lowers employee engagement.•Boss phubbing has a negative indirect effect on employee engagement.•Kahn's psychological conditions mediate the trust – engagement relationship.
Although the theory of epistemic trust has started informing research in clinical populations and psychotherapy, no study has yet explored the phenomenon of epistemic trust and mistrust in depressed ...adolescents receiving psychotherapy. The present study aims to address this gap by creating a typology of depressed adolescents' experiences regarding their different journeys through the course of psychotherapy in relation to issues of epistemic trust and mistrust over a 2-year period. This study is based on a post hoc analysis of interview data collected for a broader purpose. A total of 45 semistructured interviews at three time points were conducted with 15 adolescents (80% female; Mage = 15.28, SD = 1.79) who entered treatment with indications of epistemic mistrust or hypervigilance. These interviews were qualitatively analyzed using ideal type analysis. Three distinct journeys of adolescents' experiences were identified. Some experienced a shift from epistemic mistrust to epistemic trust which seemed to be associated with the experience of therapy; other adolescents also showed a shift but did not consider it as an outcome of therapy; and finally, some adolescents reported continued mistrust over the 2-year period. An interpersonal component within or beyond therapy may be the key to breaking the vicious cycle of epistemic mistrust and generating epistemic trust; but not all depressed adolescents in therapy achieve this. Particular attention should be drawn to depressed adolescents who have difficulty making use of therapy and/or their broader social environment. Psychological interventions may need to openly address their issues of mistrust in early sessions as epistemic mistrust or hypervigilance may hinder paths to learning both within and beyond therapy. Treatments that intervene at the level of the wider social system are encouraged.
Public Significance Statement
This study highlights the importance of addressing trust issues within and beyond therapy when treating depression in adolescents. A therapist who displays a level of expertise and empathy or any supportive adult outside therapy who acts as a reliable source of knowledge for adolescents can help generate epistemic trust and trigger a capacity for social learning, in turn leading to recovery from depression.
This research particularly aims to investigate how the individual differences in gender, age, and internet experience influence citizens' trust in e-government's adoption. The findings of the study ...revealed that females are confident and have a more positive evaluation of online services compared to males. Interestingly, this study found that old people display greater trust in e-government as compared to the levels of trust reported by younger people. The results also show that internet experience influences citizens' trust positively.
The proliferation of violations within industry sectors (e.g., banking, doping in sport, abuse in religious organizations) highlights how trust violations can thrive in particular sectors. However, ...scant research examines how macro institutional factors influence micro level trustworthy conduct. To shed light on how sectoral features may influence trust violations in organizations, we adopt a multilevel perspective to investigate the perceived causes of trust violations within the not-for-profit (NFP) sector, a sector that has witnessed a number of high-profile trust breaches. Drawing on interviews with board members and senior executives of NFPs with cross-sectoral experience, we analyze the causes of trust violations to inductively develop a conceptual model of the multilevel factors contributing to trust violations in NFPs. Our model highlights how trust violations have their roots in sectoral-level factors, which trickle-down to influence the ethical infrastructure at the organizational-level, and in turn individual-level factors and violations. We identify how three NFP sectoral features influence trustworthy behavior: corporatization, resource scarcity, and assumed moral integrity. Our findings speak to the importance of looking beyond the organization to understand both the causes and prevention of trust violations and developing the concept of sector-level ethical infrastructure.
