This study presents the design, synthesis, and application of eight novel thiophene-based acid azo dyes featuring benzoic and salicylic acid acceptors. The synthesized dyes demonstrate versatile ...light absorption properties, spanning the near UV, visible, and deep red regions. Notably, the thiophene acid azo dyes containing benzoic acid acceptor unit (AB series dyes) exhibited red-shifted absorption, while their salicylic acid counterparts (SR series dyes) displayed blue-shifted absorption. The influence of increased donor strength at position 4 of the thiophene ring on absorption properties is systematically explored. Theoretical findings from Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) substantiate the experimental results. Moreover, the dyes are applied to wool and nylon fabrics, displaying excellent dyeability with % exhaustion properties above 70%. The dyed fabrics manifest rich shades, ranging from blue-black to deep orange. Enhanced K/S values are observed for wool-dyed fabrics in the case of SR series dyed fabrics, whereas the AB series dyes show superior results for nylon-dyed fabrics. The dyed fabrics exhibit remarkable light, wash, and rubbing fastness. Notably, nylon-dyed fabrics outperformed wool-dyed fabrics in light and wash fastness. UV protection studies reveal the fabrics’ potential to block harmful UV-A and UV-B radiation with excellent UPF ratings.
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•Thiophene-based azo dyes with carboxylic acid and salicylic acid acceptors.•Red-shifted absorption properties with donor sat position 4 of the thiophene.•Excellent UV-A, UV-B, and UPT rating.•Very good to excellent light and wash fastness.
Protective textiles against harmful solar radiation are quite important materials for outdoor workers to secure their skin from several diseases. Current report focuses on production of ...anti-ultraviolet radiation (UVR) textiles by incorporation of nano-metal–organic frameworks (n-MOFs). Two different MIL-MOFs, namely, MIL-68(In)-NH2 and MIL-125(Ti)-NH2, were immediately formed inside natural textiles (cotton and silk) matrix in nano size using quite simple and one-pot process. The formation of n-MIL-MOFs inside textiles were confirmed by using electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. Different size and morphology were seen depending on textile type reflecting the textiles’ chemical composition role in the nature of prepared MIL-MOFs. For MIL-68(In)-NH2, particles with size distribution of 70.6–44.5 nm in cotton and 81.3–52.2 nm in silk were detected, while crystalline disc of MIL-125(Ti)-NH2 was clearly seen inside textiles. The natural textiles exhibited full UVR blocking after modification, and the UV protection factor (UPF) was linearly proportional with MIL-MOFs and metal contents. Whatever metal type, direct incorporation of MIL-MOF contents greater than or equal to 10.4 g/kg was sufficient to attain excellent UV blocking property. Although 38.5–41.0% of MIL-MOFs was lost during five washings, the washed samples showed very good blocking rate (UPF = 26.7–36.2) supporting good laundering durability.
•Computationally designed s-Triazine compounds are synthesized by simple synthetic route of nucleophilic substitution reaction•The predicted UV–Vis spectra demonstrates excellent correlation with the ...experimental spectra•Observed and calculated vibrational spectra are in good agreement with each other•The synthesized UV absorbers applied onto cotton fabric have Exceptional UPF values against commercial UV absorber•The newly synthesized UV absorbers have offered excellent wash durability
The increased awareness of people about deleterious effects of UV radiations to human health was the motivation to develop the UV protective textiles. This research was focused to computationally design and synthesize fiber reactive UV absorbers using cyanuric chloride as starting synthetic building block having s-triazine scaffold. The computational profile of design compounds included optimized geometries, photophysical properties, FT-IR and Raman vibrational frequencies which were investigated at DFT level using CAMB3LYP and B3LYP functionals with 631-G (d, p) basis set. The designed target compounds successfully synthesized and chemical structures were characterized by ESI-MS, UV-Vis, ATR-FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. The results of computational and experimental spectroscopic techniques are presented in comparison that showed excellent correlation. The synthesized UV absorbers were applied onto cotton fabric through simple pad-dry-cure technique and their potential as textile UV protective agent was evaluated by measuring UPF and wash durability. The finished fabric with synthesized compounds offered UPF value of 170 and 129 for UVA1 and UVA2 respectively and was persistent with UPF values of 134 and 118 even after 25 home launderings. The finished cotton fabrics were characterized by ATR-FTIR after 25 home launderings to identify the presence of different functional groups. The cotton fabric finished with synthesized compounds proved its potential as highly UV protective with long wash durable textile.
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As an indispensable energy device, 18650 lithium-ion battery has widespread applications in electric vehicles. Remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of lithium-ion battery is critical for the normal ...operation of electric vehicles. In conventional approaches, the adaptive estimation of model parameters and the detection of capacity regeneration await further research. To adaptively estimate the noise variables in the degradation model and to accurately detect the battery capacity regeneration, this article proposes a novel expectation maximization-unscented particle filter-Wilcoxon rank sum test (EM-UPF-W) approach. In detail, in the case of unlabeled small samples, this article constructs a dynamic degradation model on the basis of UPF for a single battery, which adaptively estimates the noise variables with the aid of EM algorithm. Furthermore, the Wilcoxon rank sum test is introduced to determine the capacity regeneration point, so as to decrease the prediction error. A 18650 lithium-ion battery dataset produced by NASA is used to demonstrate the approach. Experimental results show that the proposed EM-UPF-W outperforms some existing data-driven techniques.
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a conserved translation-coupled quality control mechanism in all eukaryotes that regulates the expression of a significant fraction of both the aberrant and ...normal transcriptomes. In vertebrates, NMD has become an essential process owing to expansion of the diversity of NMD-regulated transcripts, particularly during various developmental processes. Surprisingly, however, some core NMD factors that are essential for NMD in simpler organisms appear to be dispensable for vertebrate NMD. At the same time, numerous NMD enhancers and suppressors have been identified in multicellular organisms including vertebrates. Collectively, the available data suggest that vertebrate NMD is a complex, branched pathway wherein individual branches regulate specific mRNA subsets to fulfill distinct physiological functions.
Core factors such as UPF3 and even UPF2 that are necessary for yeast NMD can be dispensable for vertebrate NMD.Vertebrate NMD is a branched pathway that converges at UPF1, wherein individual branches target different transcript subsets.Several NMD enhancers and suppressors have been identified that function in a branch-, transcript-, and/or location-specific manner to provide an additional layer of NMD regulation.The heterogeneous composition of the exon-junction complex, a key NMD enhancer in vertebrates, can further influence specific NMD branches.The mRNA degradation phase of NMD proceeds via multiple parallel routes that may function in transcript-, branch-, and/or cell/tissue-specific manner.Inhibition of specific NMD branches can provide therapeutic avenues to treat diseases caused by nonsense mutations by reducing toxicity caused by total inhibition of the pathway.
Positional isomers of benzothiazole-pyridone and benzothiazole-pyrazole containing disperse azo dyes are reported. These heterocyclic azo dyes are decorated with ‘separate ESIPT core’ and show ...emission in seven solvents of different polarity. After application on polyester fabric, “very good to excellent” light and washing fastness properties were observed. Thermal stability of ‘dyed fabric’ was analysed by sublimation fastness test- and found ‘very good to excellent’ ratings at 210 °C. Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) analysis of four ‘dyed fabric’ indicates the blocking 96–97% of UV radiation. Dyes were found effective on gram positive and negative bacteria by agar diffusion method and all the ‘dyed fabrics’ also showed more than 92% or 94% reduction of S. aureus or K. pneumoniae respectively by ‘AATCC 100’ method. Structures of the dyes were optimized using Density Functional Theory (DFT) to deduce stable tautomeric form. Calculated HOMO-LUMO gap is then compared with antibacterial activities. Electrophilicity index and lightfastness property were also compared and found to have very good correlation.
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•Emissive azo disperse dyes having separate ESIPT-benzothiazole core•Ultraviolet Protecting Factor (UPF) on polyester•Antibacterial studies by agar gel diffusion and AATCC 147, AATCC 100•Electrophilicity index HOMO-LUMO gap compared with antibacterial activity
Abstract
The nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) surveillance system clears aberrant mRNAs from the cell, thus preventing the accumulation of truncated proteins. Although loss of the core NMD proteins ...UP-FRAMESHIFT1 (UPF1) and UPF3 leads to late flowering in Arabidopsis, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we showed that mutations in UPF1 and UPF3 cause temperature- and photoperiod-independent late flowering. Expression analyses revealed high FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) mRNA levels in upf mutants; in agreement with this, the flc mutation strongly suppressed the late flowering of upf mutants. Vernalization accelerated flowering of upf mutants in a temperature-independent manner. FLC transcript levels rose in wild-type plants upon NMD inhibition. In upf mutants, we observed increased enrichment of H3K4me3 and reduced enrichment of H3K27me3 in FLC chromatin. Transcriptome analyses showed that SET DOMAIN GROUP 40 (SDG40) mRNA levels increased in upf mutants, and the SDG40 transcript underwent NMD-coupled alternative splicing, suggesting that SDG40 affects flowering time in upf mutants. Furthermore, NMD directly regulated SDG40 transcript stability. The sdg40 mutants showed decreased H3K4me3 and increased H3K27me3 levels in FLC chromatin, flowered early, and rescued the late flowering of upf mutants. Taken together, these results suggest that NMD epigenetically regulates FLC through SDG40 to modulate flowering time in Arabidopsis.
The lithium-ion battery plays a crucial role in the power supply of the electric vehicles (EVs). Battery remaining useful life (RUL) is critically vital to ensure the vehicles' safety and ...reliability. Due to the complicated aging mechanism, predicting RUL for the battery management systems (BMSs) is challenging. In this article, a novel degradation indicator was constructed using the information extracted from the discharge voltage. The indicator reflected the complete and effective energy information from the voltage signals to reveal battery degradation characteristics. Additionally, an innovative fractional grey model (FRGM) unscented particle filter (UPF) framework was developed for RUL prediction in this article. To improve the accuracy and traceability of prediction, the framework adopted a novel FRGM to update the state transition equation in UPF. Meanwhile, the UPF was employed to extrapolate trends of the indicator and achieve the RUL prediction. The performances of FRGM-UPF with the degradation indicator were synthetically verified by the data from various types of batteries under different aging tests. The experimental results indicated that the proposed method could achieve precise prediction results and had a wide range of practicability and universality. The developed technologies could be incorporated with the other control algorithms for application in BMS of EVs.
The practical applicability of the single-phase <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">( {1\emptyset } )</tex-math></inline-formula> power supplied conventional single-stage matrix converter ...(SSMC) to synthesize multiphase <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">( {m\emptyset } )</tex-math></inline-formula> power is limited to very low frequency (3-5 Hz) output. In this article, a modified SSMC is proposed for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">1\emptyset \ to\ m\emptyset </tex-math></inline-formula> conversion which can extensively operate to derive the output frequency up to half of the rated supply frequency and ensures balanced operation with better power quality across the supply as well as load side. The proposed SSMC has three branches each constitute of an array of bidirectional switches supplied by a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">1\emptyset </tex-math></inline-formula> source through a filter circuit of one inductor and two capacitors. This configuration of the proposed SSMC makes it suitable to synthesize <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">m\emptyset </tex-math></inline-formula> output from the available <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">1\emptyset </tex-math></inline-formula> power supply from very low output frequency to maximum frequency equals to half of the rated supply frequency while maintaining supply side unity power factor and standard voltage transfer ratio. Experimental results are presented to validate the performance of the proposed SSMC for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">1\emptyset \ to\ m\emptyset </tex-math></inline-formula> conversion.
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