Recently, natural dyes are becoming more important because they are considered environmentally friendly. However, the reduction in pollution is not only the main aspect that makes them interesting. ...New properties such antibacterial, sun protection, etc., can be added to the material dyed with them. In this work we consider different teas, the red one, the black and the green tea. Tea is commonly known all over the world ant they are considerably appreciated by their antioxidant properties. In this work the antioxidant effect of tea extracts has been determined and cotton fabrics were dyed. Previously, fabrics were treated with chitosan as a natural and not pollutant mordant. The effectiveness of dyeing cotton with tea extracts has been objectively studied by the K/S value and the chromatic values CIELab. Furthermore, the ultra violet (UV) protection has been determined as the Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF). Having dyed cotton with the tea extracts and analysing the results, no relationship was found between antioxidant effect and the dyeing yield nor the UPF. The same kind of tea offered fabrics with different colours depending on the extraction method. Some samples showed reddish hue and others a greenish one but it was not directly related to red or green tea. We could conclude that the final colour is more influenced by the way the extraction has been performed than by the kind of tea used. Regarding the UPF, it has been demonstrated that the effectiveness depends on the method used and the level of protection is considerably increased although there are two kinds of tea which show higher results.
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•Cotton fabrics colour dyed with tea depends on the tea extraction procedure.•Antioxidant effect does not match UV protection from the dyed fabric.•UV protection factor on dyed fabrics is not independent on the nature of tea.
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•The first report on the efficiency of benzophenone (Bps) type UVR absorbers.•32 Bps reported as UVR absorbers in 14 publications are reviewed.•Providing baseline details for the ...effective usage of Bps.•UVR filtration quantified as UPF/SPF are summarized.•Impact of medium and additives on UVR filtration Bps are discussed.
Since 1992 to 2020, totally 32 benzophenone analogues (Bp-1 to Bp-32) are tested for their UV rays (UVR) filtering capacity and reported in the scientific literature databases. In this review, the molecular structure of 32 benzophenone(s) (Bp-1to Bp-32), the materials on which their UVR filtering were tested, medium/additives, methods, and mechanism interpreted by the authors were summarized and discussed. In addition to that the factors influencing the UVR filtering ability of Bps such as substituents on Bps, concentration of Bps used, materials on which the Bps are coated are also detailed and discussed. We strongly believe that this review could be useful for the researches working on sun protective or UVR protective materials development. Variation of UVR filtering ability (UPF / SPF) of different Bps on different materials infers that the chemical additives and materials used (fabric / liquid or semi solid formulations / films or sheets) also impacts the UVR filtration. Few reports have speculated the molecular science aspect of Bps used. Hence the molecular mechanism of all the 32 Bps in the UVR filtration process has to be investigated through experimental or computational approaches. We recommend that the research on the molecular science aspect of these Bps is essential to understand its efficacy in UVR filtration in the lower concentration limits. This is the first review report on the efficiency of benzophenone (Bps) type UVR absorbers.
In the search for ultraviolet radiation exposure protective textile to minimize risk factors for skin cancer, we synthesized a Schiff base ligand from the condensation reaction ...2,4‐dihyroxybenzaldehyde with p‐amino aniline. Also, the Schiff base complexes with Fe (III), Mn (II), and Cr (III) were synthesized. The ligand and the complexes were characterized by ultraviolet (UV)‐visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H 13C NMR, X‐ray diffraction, and elemental analysis. We treated cotton fabric (CF) with the complexes to achieve the conventional fabric materials with highly efficient and durable UV protection properties. The modified CF is also characterized via different techniques. UV protection properties of coated fabrics are investigated by measuring UV protection factor values. Excellent UV protection even after 10 washing cycles can be used in protective textiles. In contrast to fungal activity, modified CF demonstrated strong antibacterial activity. We used the density functional theory to compute the reactivity indices and the binding energy of the complexes with the cellulosic fiber. The theoretical results favor binding the Fe (III) complex with the cellulose fiber. Also, Fe (III) metal complexes gave the highest antibacterial and UV protection. The modified fabrics' antibacterial and excellent UV protection make the studied complexes potential candidates for applying UV protective (ultraviolet protection factor) textiles.
Novel Cr (III), Mn (II), and Fe (III) Schiff base were successfully prepared and characterized and cotton modified by different two techniques. The modified fabrics have antibacterial and excellent UV protection. The theoretical results favor binding the Fe (III) complex with the cellulose fiber, the computational calculation is compatible with the experimental investigation (Fe complex‐modified cotton has the highest antibacterial and UPF value).
Natural dyeing of the textile substrate has been gaining interest in the last few decades if we consider environmental pollution and sustainability. Applying natural dyes with metallic or bio-mordant ...is entirely non-toxic, chemical-free, non-hazardous, and eco-friendly, in addition to the diverse functionalities attained by the fabric following the dyeing process. Banana midrib (
Musa acuminata
) is a natural product of anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiallergic, antioxidant, and anticancer properties used in pharmaceutical industries. It has brown-beige color and can be considered a natural dye. The novelty of this work is that banana midrib natural dye is applied on pineapple natural fabric. Because of the lack of affinity of this natural dye toward the textile substrate, this is applied with the help of babul bark as a bio-mordant over the pineapple. An interesting fact is that the color of babul bark is also brown-beige. Various concentrations of babul bark and banana midrib extract were used to dye the fabric. The fabric samples that underwent the dyeing process were tested for color coordinates, color strength, and fastness property determination while characterized for antibacterial, antioxidant, and ultraviolet protection. The color strength increased due to babul bark and banana midrib concentration. The dyed fabric has demonstrated exceptional properties in wash and rubbing fastness. The dyed fabric has shown 97.18% antibacterial activity, 99.87% antioxidant activity, and excellent ultraviolet protection. As a result, the successful dyeing of pineapple fabric using banana midrib natural dye and babul bark as a bio-mordant has been achieved. The dyeing process is both environmentally friendly and sustainable, imparting the fabric with multiple functionalities.
Graphical Abstract
The development of functional textiles is crucial for human protection from microbes and harmful radiations. In this study, UV-protective and antimicrobial properties of cellulosic (viscose) textiles ...modified with metal pyrithione complexes have been investigated. Different metal pyrithione complexes (based on silver (Ag), cerium (Ce), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn)) have been in-situ synthesized on viscose (VC-MPT) and phosphorylated viscose (VP-MPT) fabrics. The surface morphology was characterized by FE-SEM and chemical nature was studied by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, ICP-MS, and solid-state NMR. The antimicrobial activities of different VC-MPT and VP-MPT treated fabrics were compared against E. coli, S. aureus, and Candida albicans and have been found to be effective to various degrees (up to 98–99% microbial growth inhibition) based on the type of metal used in VC-MPT and VP-MPT. Additionally, the functionalized fabrics were found to have high UV blocking properties. VP-MPT exhibited significantly better durability for up to 20 wash cycles compared with VC-MPT fabrics possibly due to better complexation of in-situ synthesized metal pyrithione with the phosphorylated cellulose. The study for the first time evaluates the efficacy of various metal pyrithione complexes formed insitu on textiles for achieving high degree of both antimicrobial and UV-protection properties.
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•Easy, aqueous based in-situ synthesis of metal pyrithione (MPT) complexes on cellulose.•MPT on cellulose (VC-MPT) is compared to that synthesized on phosphorylated cellulose (VP-MPT).•Development of durable (up to 20 wash) antimicrobial & UV protective textiles.•Functional properties and complexation of cellulose varies with metal ion.•VP-MPT fabrics exhibited significantly better UV protection (UPF above 40).•96–98 % antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal stains is achieved.
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is the most important modifiable risk factor for skin cancer development. Although sunscreen and sun-protective clothing are essential tools to minimize UVR ...exposure, few studies have compared the two modalities head-to-head. This study evaluates the UV-protective capacity of four modern, sun-protective textiles and two broad-spectrum, organic sunscreens (
30 and 50). Sun Protection Factor (
), Ultraviolet Protection Factor (
), Critical Wavelength (CW), and %
- and % UVB-blocking were measured for each fabric.
, CW, %
- and % UVB-blocking were measured for each sunscreen at 2 mg/cm
(recommended areal density) and 1 mg/cm
(simulating real-world consumer application). The four textiles provided superior UVR protection when compared to the two sunscreens tested. All fabrics blocked erythemogenic UVR better than the sunscreens, as measured by
,
, and % UVB-blocking. Each fabric was superior to the sunscreens in blocking full-spectrum UVR, as measured by CW and %
-blocking. Our data demonstrate the limitations of sunscreen and UV-protective clothing labeling and suggest the combination of
or
with %
-blocking may provide more suitable measures for broad-spectrum protection. While sunscreen remains an important photoprotective modality (especially for sites where clothing is impractical), these data suggest that clothing should be considered the cornerstone of UV protection.
Abstract
The current study concerns the valorization of waste rice hulls into value-added materials. To achieve this goal, first, the extraction route of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (SiO
2
NPs) ...from rice hulls using citric acid as a carbon template was compared with that prepared by conventional methods of incineration only. Both routes were performed at different temperatures of 600 and 700°C, and the fabricated SiO
2
NPs were studied by N
2
physisorption isotherm, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. The results show the influence of both routes and temperature on the porous structure, surface area, and charge of as-fabricated SiO
2
NPs. Furthermore, the physico-chemical features of as-prepared mesoporous SiO
2
NPs were utilized, in a facile and green way, to prepare silver NPs with high anti-microbial activity. The results were validated by the tools of UV-visible, FTIR, XRD, and XPS spectroscopy. Finally, the fabricated silver-doped mesoporous SiO
2
NPs were used as auxiliary additives through one-pot printing of different types of fabric (i.e., polyester (synthetic fabric), cotton (natural fabric), and cotton/polyester (blended fabric)). The EDX mapping of the pigment-printed fabrics with Ag-doped SiO
2
NPs exhibited the homogeneous distribution of Ag and Si atoms together with C and O throughout the fabric matrix. Interestingly, the pigment-printed fabrics with Ag-doped SiO
2
NPs demonstrated superior antibacterial activity, ultraviolet protection factor (UPF), and color characteristics in comparison to the conventional dyeing component.
Graphical Abstract
The inclusion of particles in a polymeric substrate to achieve certain properties is a well-known practice. In the case of textile substrates, this practice may deeply affect the structure of the ...produced yarns, as even a filament with no textile applications can be obtained. In this manuscript, titanium dioxide (TiO
) particles were incorporated into polyester (PET) chips and the influence of these fillers on the properties of yarn and fabric, and the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) was assessed. For this purpose, rutile and anatase crystalline forms of TiO
, as well as the size of the particles, were evaluated. Moreover, parameters such as mechanical properties, orientation of the macromolecules and thermal behavior were analyzed to ensure that the textile grade is maintained throughout the production process. The results showed that the inclusion of micro- and nanoparticles of TiO
decreases the molecular weight and tenacity of PET. Also, although orientation and crystallinity varied during the textile process, the resulting heatset fabrics did not present important differences in those parameters. Finally, the attainment of textile-grade PET-TiO
fabrics with UPF indexes of 50+ with both rutile and anatase and micro- and nano-sized TiO
forms was demonstrated.
