Generalist parasitoids are commonly used for the biological control of insect pests; however, they are often reared on a single host species because this is more practical for commercial production. ...Few studies have investigated the consequences of rearing a generalist parasitoid on a single host species in terms of performance on other target pests. We investigated the impact of rearing the generalist parasitoid Praon unicum Smith (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae) on an alternative aphid host Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae) with respect to its ability to perform on Ericaphis fimbriata Richards (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a pest of highbush blueberries. Parasitoids reared on the two aphid hosts did not differ in physical size measurements. Praon unicum reared on M. persicae had a lower oviposition success over 6 days compared with insects reared on E. fimbriata, mainly as a result of differences early in life. There was no difference in parasitoid egg size, lifetime fertility, age‐specific fertility, female offspring ratio, development time or calculated intrinsic rate of increase from the two aphid hosts. We conclude that there were no negative consequences of rearing P. unicum on M. persicae on its ability to parasitize E. fimbriata, although further field studies would need to be performed to investigate whether natal host influences parasitoid preference.
Blueberry scorch virus, a commercially important Carlavirus in highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum L., is vectored by aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae). We surveyed the aphids, primary parasitoids ...(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae, Braconidae), and associated secondary parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Charipidae, Megaspilidae, Pteromalidae) on highbush blueberry and other Vaccinium in the Pacific Northwest from 1995 to 2006, with samples concentrated in 2005 and 2006, to lay the groundwork for augmentative biological control. Ericaphis fimbriata (Richards) was the principal aphid. The dominant parasitoid species were Praon unicum Smith, Aphidius n. sp., A. sp., and Aphidius ervi Haliday. Their frequency in relation to the other primary parasitoids varied significantly with geographical area; P. unicum dominated the frequency distribution in southwestern British Columbia, A. n. sp., west of the Cascades, and A. sp. and A. ervi east of the Cascades. Among the secondary parasitoids, pteromalids dominated, and their frequency in relation to the other secondary parasitoids was lowest in southwestern British Columbia. The parasitization rate for P. unicum and A. n. sp. in southwestern British Columbia increased from May or June to a maximum of 0.080 c 0.024 and 0.090 c 0.084 (SD), respectively, in late July or early August. P. unicum emerged in the spring 4 wk before A. n. sp. The parasitization rate for P. unicum was lower in conventional than organic fields. Whereas aphid density increased monotonically, P. unicum had two spring peaks. A simulation model showed that these peaks could reflect discrete generations. Releases of insectary-reared P. unicum at 150 or 450 DD above 5.6 C, summing from 1 January, may effectively augment the natural spring populations by creating overlapping generations.
Blueberry scorch virus, a commercially important Carlavirus in highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum L., is vectored by aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae). We surveyed the aphids, primary parasitoids ...(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae, Braconidae), and associated secondary parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Charipidae, Megaspilidae, Pteromalidae) on highbush blueberry and other Vaccinium in the Pacific Northwest from 1995 to 2006, with samples concentrated in 2005 and 2006, to lay the groundwork for augmentative biological control. Ericaphis fimbriata (Richards) was the principal aphid. The dominant parasitoid species were Praon unicum Smith, Aphidius n. sp., A. sp., and Aphidius ervi Haliday. Their frequency in relation to the other primary parasitoids varied significantly with geographical area; P. unicum dominated the frequency distribution in southwestern British Columbia, A. n. sp., west of the Cascades, and A. sp. and A. ervi east of the Cascades. Among the secondary parasitoids, pteromalids dominated, and their frequency in relation to the other secondary parasitoids was lowest in southwestern British Columbia. The parasitization rate for P. unicum and A. n. sp. in southwestern British Columbia increased from May or June to a maximum of 0.080 ± 0.024 and 0.090 ± 0.084 (SD), respectively, in late July or early August. P. unicum emerged in the spring 4 wk before A. n. sp. The parasitization rate for P. unicum was lower in conventional than organic fields. Whereas aphid density increased monotonically, P. unicum had two spring peaks. A simulation model showed that these peaks could reflect discrete generations. Releases of insectary-reared P. unicum at 150 or 450 DD above 5.6 °C, summing from 1 January, may effectively augment the natural spring populations by creating overlapping generations.
In 1999, 802 primary parasitoids and 1,448 hyperparasitoids were reared from 83 samples of hop aphids, Phorodon humuli (Schrank), collected from Prunus sp. at 47 sites in the hop-growing area of ...south central Washington. In 2000, we collected 94 primary parasitoids and 180 hyperparasitoids in 59 samples from 28 sites. Parasitoids (primary plus hyperparasitoids) were reared from over 86% of the samples in 1999 and 61 % of the samples in 2000. Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) was the most abundant primary parasitoid, accounting for 81.6% of the primary parasitoids in 1999 and for 52.1% in 2000. Praon unicum Smith was second in abundance with 14.3% in 1999 and 37.2% in 2000. Other primary parasitoids were Aphelinidae (0.9% in 1999 and 4.3% in 2000), Aphidius ervi Haliday (1.0% in 1999 and 1.1% in 2000), Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (0.3% in 1999 and 0% in 2000), and P. occidentale Baker (0.4% in 1999 and 0% in 2000). Aphelinidae have not been reported previously from hop aphids. D. rapae and P. occidentale Baker are new records for the hop aphid on Prunus. Hyperparasitoids were in the genera Alloxysta (Charipidae), Asaphes and Pachyneuron (Pteromalidae), and Dendrocerus (Megaspilidae). This initial study indicates that the primary parasitoids have potential as biological control agents.
Baptismal Hopes Freed, John B
Frederick Barbarossa,
07/2016
Book Chapter
This chapter begins by describing the selection of Otto of Cappenberg as the godfather of Frederick, who was baptized in 1122 or early 1123. By choosing Otto as the co-father of his firstborn son, ...Duke Frederick signaled his own sympathies for the most radical ecclesiastical reform currents. The chapter then considers the Staufer patronage of the Premonstratensians followed by a discussion of the Cappenberg Head, namely what it represents and why it was made and given to Otto. The bronze head and its base are 31.4 centimeters high and weigh 4,605 grams. Otto himself described it in his 1171 bequest to Cappenberg as “a silver head fashioned in the likeness of the emperor.” It is widely considered to be a portrait bust of Frederick, and as such it appears on the covers or dust jackets of Frederick's biographies.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Zwack J. and Partner Liqueur Factory in Budapest.
Unicum, Chacao Chouva.- Zwack J. és Társa Likőrgyár Budapesten.
Unicum, Chacao ...Chouva- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Drink specialities, Unicum Liqueur Factory.- Italkülönlegességek - Unicum Likőrgyár.- All metadata published by Europeana are ...available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Zwack J. and Partners in Hungarian Industrial and Commercial Album in 1896.- Magyar Ipari és Kereskedelmi album.- All metadata ...published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Company Zwack and Partner registered the Unicum Liqueur in the name of the Budapest Liqueur Factory Company Zwack and Partners on 16 ...November 1906, under the Budapest Chamber of Commerce and Industry.- Zwack J. és társai czég Budapesten, a budapesti keresked. és iparkamara 1906. évi november hó 16-án belajstromoztatta budapesti likőrgyára nevére.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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