The Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) were the largest political party in Russia in the crucial revolutionary year of 1917. Heirs to the legacy of the People's Will movement, the SRs were unabashed ...proponents of peasant rebellion and revolutionary terror, emphasizing the socialist transformation of the countryside and a democratic system of government as their political goals. They offered a compelling, but still socialist, alternative to the Bolsheviks, yet by the early 1920s their party was shattered and its members were branded as enemies of the revolution. In 1922, the SR leaders became the first fellow socialists to be condemned by the Bolsheviks as "counter-revolutionaries" in the prototypical Soviet show trial.InCaptives of the Revolution,Scott B. Smith presents both a convincing account of the defeat of the SRs and a deeper analysis of the significance of the political dynamics of the Civil War for subsequent Soviet history. Once the SRs decided to openly fight the Bolsheviks in 1918, they faced a series of nearly impossible political dilemmas. At the same time, the Bolsheviks fatally undermined the revolutionary credentials of the SRs by successfully appropriating the rhetoric of class struggle, painting a simplistic picture of Reds versus Whites in the Civil War, a rhetorical dominance that they converted into victory over the SRs and any left-wing alternative to Bolshevik dictatorship. In this narrative, the SRs became a bona fide threat to national security and enemies of the people-a characterization that proved so successful that it became an archetype to be used repeatedly by the Soviet leadership against any political opponents, even those from within the Bolshevik party itself.In this groundbreaking study, Smith reveals a more complex and nuanced picture of the postrevolutionary struggle for power in Russia than we have ever seen before and demonstrates that the Civil War-and in particular the struggle with the SRs-was the formative experience of the Bolshevik party and the Soviet state.
Renovating Russiais a richly comparative investigation of late Imperial and early Soviet medico-scientific theories of moral and social disorder. Daniel Beer argues that in the late Imperial years ...liberal psychiatrists, psychologists, and criminologists grappled with an intractable dilemma. They sought to renovate Russia, to forge a modern enlightened society governed by the rule of law, but they feared the backwardness, irrationality, and violent potential of the Russian masses. Situating their studies of degeneration, crime, mental illness, and crowd psychology in a pan-European context, Beer shows how liberals' fears of societal catastrophe were only heightened by the effects of industrial modernization and the rise of mass politics.
In the wake of the orgy of violence that swept the Empire in the 1905 Revolution, these intellectual elites increasingly put their faith in coercive programs of scientific social engineering. Their theories survived liberalism's political defeat in 1917 and meshed with the Bolsheviks' radical project for social transformation. They came to sanction the application of violent transformative measures against entire classes, culminating in the waves of state repression that accompanied forced industrialization and collectivization.Renovating Russiathus offers a powerful revisionist challenge to established views of the fate of liberalism in the Russian Revolution.
This comparative historical sociology of the Bolshevik revolutionaries offers a reinterpretation of political radicalization in the last years of the Russian Empire. Finding that two-thirds of the ...Bolshevik leadership were ethnic minorities - Ukrainians, Latvians, Georgians, Jews and others - this book examines the shared experiences of assimilation and socioethnic exclusion that underlay their class universalism. It suggests that imperial policies toward the Empire's diversity radicalized class and ethnicity as intersectional experiences, creating an assimilated but excluded elite: lower-class Russians and middle-class minorities universalized particular exclusions as they disproportionately sustained the economic and political burdens of maintaining the multiethnic Russian Empire. The Bolsheviks' social identities and routes to revolutionary radicalism show especially how a class-universalist politics was appealing to those seeking secularism in response to religious tensions, a universalist politics where ethnic and geopolitical insecurities were exclusionary, and a tolerant 'imperial' imaginary where Russification and illiberal repressions were most keenly felt.
Was the Soviet Union a superpower? Red Globalization is a significant rereading of the Cold War as an economic struggle shaped by the global economy. Oscar Sanchez-Sibony challenges the idea that the ...Soviet Union represented a parallel socio-economic construct to the liberal world economy. Instead he shows that the USSR, a middle-income country more often than not at the mercy of global economic forces, tracked the same path as other countries in the world, moving from 1930s autarky to the globalizing processes of the postwar period. In examining the constraints and opportunities afforded the Soviets in their engagement of the capitalist world, he questions the very foundations of the Cold War narrative as a contest between superpowers in a bipolar world. Far from an economic force in the world, the Soviets managed only to become dependent providers of energy to the rich world, and second-best partners to the global South.
InThe Politics of Social Inclusion and Labor Representation, Heather Connolly, Stefania Marino, and Miguel Martínez Lucio compare trade union responses to immigration and the related political and ...labour market developments in the Netherlands, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The labor movement is facing significant challenges as a result of such changes in the modern context. As such, the authors closely examine the idea of social inclusion and how trade unions are coping with and adapting to the need to support immigrant workers and develop various types of engagement and solidarity strategies in the European context.
Traversing the dramatically shifting immigration patterns since the 1970s, during which emerged a major crisis of capitalism, the labor market, and society, and the contingent rise of anti-immigration sentiment and new forms of xenophobia, the authors assess and map how trade unions have to varying degrees understood and framed these issues and immigrant labor. They show how institutional traditions, and the ways that trade unions historically react to social inclusion and equality, have played a part in shaping the nature of current initiatives.The Politics of Social Inclusion and Labor Representationconcludes that we need to appreciate the complexity of trade-union traditions, established paths to renewal, and competing trajectories of solidarity. While trade union organizations remain wedded to specific trajectories, trade union renewal remains an innovative, if at times, problematic and complex set of choices and aspirations.
Euroclash Fligstein, Neil
2008, 2009, 2008-04-10, 20080101
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A major new interpretation of European integration. Leading scholar, Neil Fligstein, provocatively argues that European integration has produced a truly transnational European society.
Why Noncompliance traces the history of noncompliance within the European Union (EU), focusing on which states continuously do or do not follow EU Law, why, and how that affects the governance in the ...EU and beyond. n exploring the EU's long and varied history of noncompliance, Tanja A. Börzel takes a close look at the diverse groups of noncompliant states throughout the EU's existence. Why do states that are vocally critical of the EU have a better record of compliance than those that support the EU? Why has noncompliance been declining since the 1990s, even though the EU was adding member-states and numerous laws? Börzel debunks conventional wisdoms in EU compliance research, showing that noncompliance in the EU is not caused by the new Central and Eastern European member states, nor by the Eurosceptic member states. So why do these states take the brunt of Europe's misplaced ire? Why Noncompliance introduces politicization as an explanatory factor that has been long overlooked in the literature and scholarship surrounding the European Union. Börzel argues that political controversy combined with voting power and administrative capacity, explains why noncompliance with EU law has been declining since the completion of the Single Market, cannot be blamed on the EU's Central and Easter European member states, and is concentrated in areas where EU seeks to protect citizen rights.
Seeks to develop understanding of the notion of multi‐level governance through a critical exploration of its definitions and applications by scholars with very different concerns within the broad ...discipline of Political Studies. Despite the different concerns of different authors, four common strands emerge that provide a parsimonious definition of multi‐level governance that raises clear hypotheses for future research. First, that decision‐making at various territorial levels is characterized by the increased participation of non‐state actors. Second, that the identification of discrete or nested territorial levels of decision‐making is becoming more difficult in the context of complex overlapping networks. Third, that in this changing context, the role of the state is being transformed as state actors develop new strategies of coordination, steering and networking that may protect and, in some cases, enhance state autonomy. Fourth, that in this changing context, the nature of democratic accountability has been challenged and need to be rethought or at least reviewed. The book concludes that future research on multi‐level governance should pay particular attention to the implications for democracy of empirical developments and, related to this, to the design of frameworks of accountability that adopt a positive‐sum gain in relation to the accountability versus efficiency debate.
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This volume is a holistic assessment of six decades of European integration as seen through a gender lens. It features the insights of scholars from nine countries, who analyze new and old ...barriers to gender equality in all realms of EU activity. The first part of the volume offers a critique of mainstream integration theories and situates women across core institutional settings. It traces women's roles as formal actors, as participants in expert networks, and as creative conceptualizers introducing paradigm-changing frameworks and strategies. It also recognizes women as policy innovators contributing to the larger integration project. In the second part the contributors pay special attention to the development and effects of gender mainstreaming. They explore 'gendering' dynamics and outcomes in EU policy domains, including agriculture, the employment and social policy fields, the research, science and technology sector, and the emergent EU migration and citizenship policy arena.
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'Given the current mood of disenchantment with the EU as a political system, this book provides a timely reminder that for the last 40 years, the EU has acted as a social innovator particularly in the field of gender justice. Many of the provisions for women that we now take for granted have their origins in measures adopted by the EU or fought for in the European Court of Justice. As this book ably illustrates, this provided a platform for policy debate and expansion both into new fields and into new cultural arenas. The picture is a complex one with the relative simplicity of the early days being replaced by a more complex policy frames and more difficult contexts. The great value of this book is that it traces this story not only in the traditional fields of employment and childcare but in new areas such as agriculture, research and technology and migration policy.' - Catherine Hoskyns, Professor, University of Coventry, UK 'In Gendering the European Union the editors have assembled an impressive range of experts and powerful arguments for the importance of the European project for gender equality. The volume turns a wealth of new research into a readable and insightful analysis of the gendered nature of EU institutions and the concrete gender outcomes of EU policymaking. The authors also remind us that the quest for a more inclusive society is fragile under the current conditions of global economic crisis, making this book a must-read for students, scholars, and practitioners interested in the future of gender politics, and, more generally, the future of the European Union.' - Sabine Lang, Associate Professor, Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington, USA 'This book is a must for any European student or scholar. The authors and editors succeed in making a convincing case skilfully and correctly arguing for including a gender analysis into all studies on European integration. Written and edited by leading scholars, this book deserves wide attention and has the potential to become a classic. It not only provides for a better understanding of the theoretical approaches underpinning the European gender analysis over the last 30 years, but it also offers detailed case studies in new policy domains, which help the reader understand the dynamics of European policy making from a gender perspective, making a complex study very approachable. It is feminist analysis and scholarship at its best.' - Barbara Helfferich, European Policy Director, Wildlife Conservation Society.PreviouslySecretary General, European Women's Lobby and Member of the Cabinet of the European Social Affairs Commissioner.
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Contents Acknowledgements List of Tables, Figures and Boxes List of Abbreviations and Acronyms Notes on Contributors Introduction: Studying the European Union from a Gender Perspective; G.Abels & J.M.Mushaben PART I: GENDERING PERSPECTIVES AND EU PROCESSES Gendering Theories of European Integration; A.Kronsell Gendering the Institutions and Actors of the EU; A.van der Vleuten Gendering the EU Policy Process and Constructing the Gender Acquis; B.Locher From Equal Treatment to Gender Mainstreaming and Diversity Management; A.E.Woodward Gendering Enlargement of the European Union; Y.Galligan & S.Clavero PART II: MELIORATING OLD AND NEW EU POLICY DEFICITS AND BLIND SPOTS The Common Agricultural Policy and Gender Equality; E.Prügl Gendering Employment Policy: From Equal Pay to Work-life Balance; A.Hubert Gendering the Social Policy Agenda: Anti-discrimination, Social Inclusion and Social Protection; M.Stratigaki Research by, for and about Women: Gendering Science and Research Policy; G.Abels Women on the Move: EU Migration and Citizenship Policy; J.M.Mushaben Conclusion: Rethinking the Double Democratic Deficit of the EU; J.M.Mushaben & G.Abels References Index
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An exploration of European integration as seen through a gender lens. This book looks at integration theories, institutional relationships, enlargement, the development of gender law and the role of formal actors, scholars and expert networks in the EU policy-making process. With a focus on gender mainstreaming as a new approach to gender policy.
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Behning, Ute and Amparo Serrano Pascual. 2001. Gender Mainstreaming in the European Employment Strategy. Brüssel: ETUI.
Biester, Elke, Barbara Holland-Cunz, Mechthild M. Jansen, Eva Maleck-Lewy, Anja Ruf, and Birgit Sauer eds. 1994. Das unsichtbare Geschlecht der Europa. Der europäische Einigungsprozeß aus feministischer Sicht. Frankfurt/M., New York: Campus.
Elman, Amy R. 1996. Sexual Politics and the European Union: The New Feminist Challenge. Providence, RI: Berghahn.
Hoskyns, Catherine. 2003. Gender Perspectives. In European Integration Theory. Ed. Wiener, Antje and Thomas Diez. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Judge, David and David Earnshaw. 2003. The European Parliament. Houndmills, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Liebert, Ulrike ed. 2003.Gendering Europeanisation. Bruxelles, Bern, Berlin, Frankfurt/M., New York, Oxford, Wien: P.I.E.-Peter Lang. van der Vleuten, Anna. 2007. The Price of Gender Equality: Member States and Governance in the European Union. Aldershot: Ashgate.
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An assessment of the sixty-year process of European integration as viewed through a gender lens
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GABRIELE ABELS is Professor of Comparative Political Science and European Integration, Department of Political Science, University of Tübingen, Germany JOYCE MARIE MUSHABEN is Professor of Comparative and Gender Studies, Department of Political Science, University of Missouri-St. Louis, USA
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Adds an important dimension to the study of the European Union by assessing its institutions and policies through the lens of gender
Features theoretical insights as well as concrete policy examples compiled by scholars based in nine different countries, ensuring diverse viewpoints and a multiplicity of approaches to specific stages of EU integration
Addresses gender developments in 'non-traditional' policy domains
Provides a wealth of empirical data based on qualitative and quantitative analysis
Written in 'student-friendly' language, the text draws on day-to-day, country-specific examples showing how EU policies have created new opportunities for women .
The European Union today stands on the brink of radical institutional and constitutional change. The most recent enlargement and proposed legal reforms reflect a commitment to democracy: stabilizing ...political life for citizens governed by new regimes, and constructing a European Union more accountable to civil society. Despite the perceived novelty of these reforms, this book explains (through quantitative data and qualitative case analyses) how the European Court of Justice has developed and sustained a vibrant tradition of democratic constitutionalism since the 1960s. The book documents the dramatic consequences of this institutional change for civil society and public policy reform throughout Europe. Cichowski offers detailed empirical and historical studies of gender equality and environmental protection law across fifteen countries and over thirty years, revealing important linkages between civil society, courts and the construction of governance. The findings bring into question dominant understandings of legal integration.
