Background: Forests in subarctic regions inhabit the transitional zone between the temperate region and the Arctic, where plant survival depends on the capability of individuals to adjust to changing ...environments. This transitional zone, generally falling between 50° N and 70° N, is becoming increasingly vulnerable under a changing climate, with treelines moving further north and also higher up slopes.Aims: The current study was carried out at 68° N, the most sensitive zone of the subarctic and northern limit of tree growth in Finnish Lapland. The physiology of trees in these conditions is still not fully understood, and an attempt is made here to contribute to a better understanding of the functionality of leaves by studying the spectral characteristics of needles of Pinus sylvestris along an altitudinal transect.Methods: A variety of spectral indices derived from high-resolution reflectance spectra were measured on freshly excised pine needles. The specific hypothesis is that spectral reflectance data can detect the stress that pine needles suffer at high elevations. We also wish to know which of the several possible indices is most indicative of stress.Results: All of the spectral indices, with the exception of NDVI, showed elevational as well as age-related trends consistent with the hypothesis that needles from the highest elevation suffer degradation of chlorophyll.Conclusions: We conclude that appropriate reflectance measurements provide useful information that may in future be used to detect stress effects on conifer foliage. The visual appearance of trees included in the study did also reflect in their spectral characteristics.
A series of abrupt climate events linked to circum-North Atlantic meltwater forcing have been recognised in Holocene paleoclimate data. To address the paucity of proxy records able to characterise ...robustly the regional impacts of these events, we retrieved a sub-centennial resolution, well-dated core sequence from Lake Kuutsjärvi, northeast Finland. By analysing a range of paleo-environmental proxies (pollen, plant sedimentary ancient DNA, plant macrofossils, conifer stomata, and non-pollen palynomorphs), and supported with proxy-based paleotemperature and moisture reconstructions, we unravel a well-defined sequence of vegetation and climate dynamics over the early-to-middle Holocene. The birch-dominated pioneer vegetation stage was intersected by two transient tree-cover decrease events at 10.4 and 10.1 thousand years ago (ka), likely representing a two-pronged signal of the 10.3 ka climate event. Our data also show a clear signal of the 8.2 ka climate event, previously not well recorded in the European Arctic, with a collapse of the pine-birch forest and replacement by juniper developing in tight synchrony with Greenland isotopic proxies over 8.4–8.0 ka. Supported by climate modelling, severe winter cooling rather than summer might have been driving vegetation disruptions in the early Holocene. The Kuutsjärvi data indicate an early arrival of Norway spruce (Picea abies) by 9.2 ka (pollen, DNA, and stoma finds), as well as the first evidence for Holocene presence of larch (Larix) in Finland, with pollen finds dating to 9.6–5.9 ka.
•A high-resolution multiproxy Holocene lake core sequence retrieved from N Finland.•Arrival of spruce by 9.2 ka indicated by pollen, sedimentary DNA, and stoma finds.•First evidence of Holocene larch in Finland,with pollen finds dated to 9.6–5.9 ka.•Tree-cover decreases at 10.4 and 10.1 ka, possibly linked to 10.3k climate event.•Signal of 8.2k climate event, with forest collapse sychronous with Greenland data.
Ausonii e Aurunci nell’Eneide Pagliara, Alessandro
Mélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome. Antiquité,
09/2017
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Il 19 agosto del 14 d.C. Augusto moriva a Nola, la città che la più antica storiografia greca conosce come polis Ausónōn (Ecateo). La tradizione letteraria su questo evanescente popolo dell’Italia ...antica è estremamente complessa : infatti, l’etnico Ausones è impiegato in accezione ristretta dalle fonti storico-geografiche sulla Campania (Antioco di Siracusa, Polibio, Strabone), ma il coronimo Ausonia ricorre in poesia quale sinonimo tout court di Italia (Pindaro, Apollonio Rodio, Licofrone). Articolato appare, inoltre, il rapporto tra Ausones e Aurunci, al di là della assodata corrispondenza onomastica (Servio). In questo contributo si indaga la peculiare posizione di Virgilio : il poeta impiega nell’Eneide la qualifica di Ausonii dapprima per i popoli alleati di Turno ; la estende poi a tutte le genti comprese nella pax di Enea, prefigurazione in epoca protostorica della pace conquistata da Augusto ; quindi, con passaggio naturale, la riferisce ai Romani stessi, eredi destinati di tutto quel mondo. Virgilio innesta così, con nuova funzione ideologica, nella sua dotta rappresentazione del popolamento dell’Italia più antica la vetusta nozione greca di Ausones, che, nella sua duttile vaghezza etnica, aveva mutuato dalle proprie fonti poetiche ellenistiche.
Notizia relativa a "Attività dei banditi e dei ribelli" a Aviano (Udine) riguardante "Polo Varre Caterina", contenuta nella pagina 29 del Notiziario della Guardia Nazionale Repubblicana del giorno ...06-09-1944
News concerning “Activities of bandits and rebels” in Aviano (Udine) concerning “Polo Varre Caterina,” contained on page 29 of the News of the Republican National Guard on 06-09-1944
Notizia relativa a "Attività dei banditi e dei ribelli" a Aviano (Udine) riguardante "Polo Varre Caterina", contenuta nella pagina 29 del Notiziario della Guardia Nazionale Repubblicana del giorno 06-09-1944
