We broaden the developmental focus of the theory of universals in basic human values (Schwartz, 1992, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology) by presenting supportive evidence on children's ...values from six countries: Germany, Italy, Poland, Bulgaria, the United States, and New Zealand. 3,088 7–11‐year‐old children completed the Picture‐Based Value Survey for Children (PBVS‐C, Döring et al., 2010, J. Pers. Assess., 92, 439). Grade 5 children also completed the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ, Schwartz, 2003, A proposal for measuring value orientations across nations. Chapter 7 in the Questionnaire Development Package of the European Social Survey). Findings reveal that the broad value structures, sex differences in value priorities and pan‐cultural value hierarchies typical of adults have already taken form at this early age. We discuss the conceptual implications of these findings for the new field of children's basic values by embedding them in the recent developmental literature.
The definition of values in the scientific literature, the motivational basis for the formation of the values of the individual and the relation between the concepts of "value" and "values ...orientation" are analyzed; the author’s definition of the concept of "formation of personality’s values" is substantiated, and the cross-cultural relations of the values’ formation in the Ukrainian and Romanian and the Ukrainian and Macedonian samples are highlighted. The results of explanatory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis are presented based on the results measuring of the personal values’ of these categories of subjects formation. It is made a crosscultural comparison between the peculiarities of the values formation and the axiofactor of openness to changes, and its results are analyzed. There are given the data of the empirical study which partly confirmed the hypothesis about the regularity of the relationship between subjective well-being and the values of the individual. The values of conformity and traditions proved to be significantly related to the satisfaction with life for the Macedonian group of adults, which confirmed the expectation of a negative relations between "unhealthy" values and subjective wellbeing. It has been found that young people, whose values are focused on the possession of things and their accumulation in contrast to spiritual values, are usually less satisfied with their own lives; young people from the studied countries, who have strong and developed "healthy" values, feel better in their lives, and the carriers of "unhealthy" values, on the contrary, are often dissatisfied with their lives and are therefore experiencing a certain amount of anxiety
“Good-hearted person” is referred to a personality with good morals, who is fair, decent and neat. In order to raise a good hearted person, or for a person to have good virtues, it is necessary to ...mention the significance or sublimity of these values. When asked how is raised a person with morals in Japan, İnazo Nitobe stated that what teaches these values are Bushido warrior codes. With Confucianism prevailing in Edo period (1603-1868), Shushin education taught how to do good deed. Confucius’ work “Daigaku” specifies four main factors for the ruling of the country: These can be explained as “Shushin” (self-nurturing), “Seika” (family nurturing), “Chikoku” (protecting the homeland) and “Heitenka” (endless respect for the Emperor). Prior to the World War II many values of good morals have been a part of Shushin education and since the first grade of the primary school was taught how to become a good Japanese. In 1945, Shushin education was ceased by the Allied Forces. In the 1960’s, considering that they lost Japaneseness and Japanese soul in their character, the Japanese made three month Seishin (spirituality) education mandatory for every employee. In the present day Japan, Dōtoku (Moral Knowledge Course) is provided from the primary to high school. As work life starts this education continues with Kyöyö (Workplace Training) journals. This study is an analysis of Dōtoku coursebooks and some workplace journals.
The most popular teaching text on laboratory data for pharmacy students and go-to reference for pharmacists in therapeutic practice. Now in its seventh edition, Basic Skills has been expanded and ...updated to cover new drugs, research, and therapeutic approaches. Written by 40 established clinicians and pharmacy faculty members and reviewed by additional experts, it is designed to make all information clear and quickly accessible. Minicases provide clinical scenarios for using tests and managing patients, and quickview charts throughout offer clear interpretations of lab results. The indispensable guide to interpreting clinical laboratory data. New to this edition: -A new chapter on nutrition support -Significant updates to all chapters -Expanded chapters on Pharmacogenomics and Cardiology -Additional section on Infectious Diseases covering Bacteria, and Fungi, Viruses and Mycobacteria - Learning points conclude each chapter and highlight key concepts about the laboratory tests -25 chapters divided into three sections: Basic Concepts and Test Interpretations; System Disorders and Diagnostic Tests; and Tests for Special Populations Complex but critical skills are required for clinical pharmacists to effectively use lab data in screening for or diagnosing diseases and in monitoring the safety and effectiveness of treatment. As the only book of its kind specifically written for pharmacists by pharmacists, Basic Skills makes it easier to make accurate and critical decisions based on laboratory data.
Three longitudinal studies examine a fundamental question regarding adjustment of personal values to self-chosen life transitions: Do values fit the new life setting already at its onset, implying ...value-based self-selection? Or do values change to better fit the appropriate and desirable values in the setting, implying value socialization? As people are likely to choose a life transition partly based on their values, their values may fit the new life situation already at its onset, leaving little need for value socialization. However, we propose that this may vary as a function of the extent of change the life transition entails, with greater change requiring more value socialization. To enable generalization, we used 3 longitudinal studies spanning 3 different life transitions and different extents of life changes: vocational training (of new police recruits), education (psychology vs. business students), and migration (from Poland to Britain). Although each life transition involved different key values and different populations, across all 3 studies we found value fit to the life situation already early in the transition. Value socialization became more evident the more aspects of life changed as part of the transition, that is, in the migration transition. The discussion focuses on the implications of these findings for research on values and personality change, as well as limitations and future directions for research.
This paper addresses central limitations of ecosystem services and nature’s contributions to people (NCP) by developing a novel approach to consideration of intrinsic values of nature. Intrinsic ...values are seen as bundled with values of ecosystem services and NCP within the Life Framework, an innovative, comprehensive and easy to communicate framework of values. Building on work by John O’Neill, values are conceived of as related to living
with
,
from
,
in
and
as
the world. These frames are related to but distinct from more formal ethical justifications of intrinsic, instrumental and relational values, which straddle the four Life Frames. Focusing on intrinsic values, we conceive these as ends without reference to humans as valuers, but which nonetheless can be articulated by people. We draw on more-than-human participatory research and post-normal science to promote the articulation and deliberation of perspectives and interests of the more-than-human world by an extended peer community. This clearly differentiates our approach from both rights-based intrinsic value and utilitarian existence value approaches, although it is inclusive of them. The approach is demonstrated by an elaborate integrated marine ecosystem valuation, where we investigate associations between intrinsic and relational values and the four Life frames. The Life Framework, operationalised through the post-normal, more-than-human participatory approach, operationalises articulated intrinsic values in a way that puts them on an equal footing with values of ecosystem services and NCP, providing an opportunity to bridge and reconcile these different types of value through deliberation. This enhances the recognition and procedural justice of valuation, while at the same time retaining the practical advantages that the ecosystem services framework brings.
PDF
