Based on researching the reference literature, archival materials, and available sources, this paper describes the reflection of the personal name of the author of the first Croatian novel on ...Croatia’s toponymy and chrematonymy. Special attention is given to historical circumstances, motivation, naming principles, and impacts on the formation of Velebit’s present-day oronymy, whose examples frequently point to the issue of the standardisation of geographical names, the lack of a legislative solution that would precisely stipulate the landform naming procedure, and the necessity to establish a national-level expert body that would decide on the official figures of Croatian toponyms that are recorded on maps. The section on hodonymy and chrematonymy chiefly examines the wider Zadar region, where the reflection of the writer’s personal name is clearly the most widespread.
U radu se na temelju istraživanja referentne literature, arhivskoga gradiva i dostupnih vrela opisuje odraz osobnoga imena pisca prvoga hrvatskog romana u hrvatskoj toponimiji i krematonimiji. Posebna se pozornost posvećuje povijesnim okolnostima, motivaciji, načelima imenovanja i utjecajima na oblikovanje suvremene velebitske oronimije, primjeri koje često upućuju na problem standardizacije geografskih imena, izostanak zakonskih rješenja kojima bi se precizno odredio postupak imenovanja geografskih objekata i potrebu osnutka stručnoga tijela na državnoj razini koje bi odlučivalo o službenim oblicima hrvatskih toponima koji se bilježe u zemljovidima. Poglavlje iz hodonimije i krematonimije propituje poglavito šire područje zadarskoga kruga, gdje je odraz piščeva osobnoga imena očito i najfrekventniji.
Zabrinutost oko mogućih posljedica klimatskih promjena i njihovog utjecaja na Mediteransko područje ukazuje na potrebu boljeg razumijevanja varijabilnosti klime dugo u povijest, a posebice izvan ...razdoblja obuhvaćenih instrumentalnim mjerenjima. Kako bismo poboljšali prostornu i vremensku pokrivenost hrvatskog Sredozemlja klimatskim podacima te bolje razumjeli utjecaj klimatskih promjena na rasta stabala, provedena su prva dendrokronološka istraživanja na području Sjevernog Velebita. Rezultati istraživanja 274 godine stare kronologije crnoga bora ukazuju da je glavni limitirajući čimbenik rasta stabala crnoga bora nedostatka vlage u ljetnom razdoblju godine. Korelacije kronologije rasta stabala i količine ljetnih oborina od 1954. do 2015. godine su značajne i pozitivne (R=0.60, p=0.0099) te vremenski stabilne. Time se stvorila mogućnost rekonstrukcije klime relativno daleko u prošlost za područje sjeverozapadnih Dinarida.
Studies of the ornithofauna of the southern part of Velebit have been running continuously since 1984. Part of the data is collected by the observation of the birds in various parts of the Paklenica ...National Park, as well as in parts of southern Velebit, from Veliko Libinje to Tulove Grede, Prezid and Crnopac. The area of central Velebit was studied from Bačić Kosa to Alaginac and Bačić Kuk in 2003, and occasionally in 2011 and 2012. The area of northern Velebit was visited around Zavižan, the botanical garden, part of the Premužićeva trail to Rossijeva Koliba,Lomska Duliba and Štirovača during 1988 and occasionally from 2007-2011. Birds were recorded at times of nesting, spring and autumn migrations as well as in winter. To date 271 bird species have been noted on Velebit.165 species inhabit within the boundaries of the Paklenica National Park, 101 of which nest there. In the area of the Northern Velebit National Park 110 species have been noted. Today it can safely be said that 127 bird species nest on the Velebit mountain. This contribution contains a fulllist of the noted bird species, the category of endangerment, seasonal status, as well as an estimated number of nesting birds, i.e. migrations.
Cretovi su danas među najugroženijim staništima u Hrvatskoj. Unatoč tomu što su velikim dijelom stavljeni pod različite kategorije zaštite, oni i dalje ubrzano propadaju. S ciljem pronalaska načina ...na koji zaštititi neke od posljednjih cretova na Velebitu provedena je inventarizacija vaskularnih biljnih svojti na bazofilnim cretovima Ljubica i Raketa smještenim na području naselja Baške Oštarije na srednjem Velebitu. Utvrđeno je prisustvo 140 biljnih svojti na području creta Ljubica te 85 svojti na području creta Raketa, od čega se 52 svojte pojavljuju na oba creta. Očuvanje ovih cretova moguće je uz sprječavanje daljnjeg smanjenja dotoka vode na cret Ljubica te uz uklanjanje agresivnijih biljnih svojti i invazivnih vrsta koje na oba creta onemogućavaju opstanak svijetloljubivih cretnih svojti. S obzirom na snažan utjecaj čovjeka koji je doveo do značajnog smanjenja dotoka vode na područje creta jedini način da se cret Ljubica pokuša zaštiti je da ga se proglasi botaničkim rezervatom. Za praćenje učinkovitosti predloženih mjera zaštite potrebno je kontinuirano pratiti prisutnost i pokrovnost biljnih svojti karakterističnih za bazofilne cretove.
Fens are among the most endangered habitats in Croatia today. Despite the fact that they are largely placed under different categories of protection, they continue to deteriorate rapidly. With the aim of finding a way to protect some of the last fens on Velebit Mountain, an inventory of vascular plants was carried out on the basophilic fens Ljubica and Raketa located in the area of the settlement Baške Oštarije on the middle part of Velebit Mountain. During the inventory, the presence of 140 plant taxa was determined in the Ljubica fen and 85 taxa in the Raketa fen. Of these, 52 taxa appear on both fens. Preservation of both fens is possible by preventing a further decrease in water flow to the Ljubica fen and by removing more aggressive plant taxa and invasive species that disable the survival of heliophilic fen taxa. Considering the strong influence of human, which led to a considerable reduction of the water flow in the fen area, the only way to try to protect the Ljubica fen is to declare it a botanical reserve. To see if the proposed measures produce results, it is necessary to continuously monitor the presence and coverage of plant species characteristic for basophilic fens.
The Mesozoic Era featured emplacement of a number of Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs), formed by the outpouring of millions of cubic kilometres of basaltic magma. The radiometric ages of several ...Mesozoic LIPs coincide with the dates of Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs). As a result of these coincidences, a causal link has been suggested, but never conclusively proven. This study explores the use of mercury as a possible direct link between the Karoo–Ferrar LIP and the coeval Toarcian OAE (T-OAE). Mercury is emitted to the atmosphere as a trace constituent of volcanic gas, and may be distributed globally before being deposited in sediments. Modern marine deposits show a strong linear correlation between mercury and organic-matter content. Results presented here indicate departures from such a simple linear relationship in sediments deposited during the T-OAE, and also during the Pliensbachian–Toarcian transition (an event that saw elevated benthic extinctions and carbon-cycle perturbations prior to the T-OAE). A number of depositional settings illustrate an increased mercury concentration in sediments that record one or both events, suggesting a rise in the depositional flux of this element. Complications to this relationship may arise from very organic-rich sediments potentially overprinting any Hg/TOC signal, whereas environments preserving negligible organic matter may leave no record of mercury deposition. However, the global distribution of coevally elevated Hg-rich levels suggests enhanced atmospheric mercury availability during the Early Toarcian, potentially aided by the apparent affinity of Hg for terrestrial organic matter, although the relative importance of aquatic vs terrestrial fixation of Hg in governing these enrichments remains uncertain. A perturbation in atmospheric Hg is most easily explained by enhanced volcanic output. It is suggested that extrusive igneous activity caused increased mercury flux to the Early Toarcian sedimentary realm, supporting the potential of this element as a proxy for ancient volcanism. This interpretation is consistent with a relationship between LIP formation and a perturbed carbon cycle during the Pliensbachian–Toarcian transition and T-OAE. The recording of these two distinct Hg excursions may also indicate that the Karoo–Ferrar LIP released volatiles in temporally distinct episodes, due either to multiple phases of magmatic emplacement or sporadic release of thermogenic gaseous products from intrusion of igneous material into volatile-rich lithologies.
•Analysis of seven Toarcian stratigraphic sections for Hg concentrations and Hg/TOC ratios.•Control analysis of an upper Jurassic section not associated with volcanism for comparison.•Evidence for two pulses of increased atmospheric mercury levels during the Early Toarcian.•Hg/TOC spikes coincide with record of Pliensbachian–Toarcian extinction and Toarcian OAE.•A global perturbation of volcanic mercury is inferred, but with locally derived complexities.
Sjeverni Velebit hrvatski je biser koji u kontekstu obrazovanja 21. stoljeća, zaštite
prirode, suočavanja s ugrožavanjem prirode i klimatskim promjenama može postati
europski značajan edukativni ...centar. Osim vrednovanja, zaštite prirode i doprinosa
obrazovanju, ovaj pristup može otvoriti nova radna mjesta te podići kvalitetu života
lokalne zajednice. Pri tome se povezuju različiti sadržaji – obrazovni, znanstveni, kulturni,
športski, zdravstveni i dr.
Suvremeno znanstveno (STEM) obrazovanje temeljeno na značajnoj georaznolikosti
i bioraznolikosti može se u obliku programa ponuditi dionicima obrazovnoga sustava.
Krški fenomeni Nacionalnog parka Sjeverni Velebit, posebice njegove duboke jame, jedna
su od tema koja ima velike znanstveno-istraživačke i edukativne izazove.
Extreme heterogeneity of karst systems makes them very challenging to study. Various processes within the system affect its global response, usually measured at karst springs. Research conducted in ...caves provides a unique opportunity for in situ analysis of separate processes in karst underground. The aim of the present study was to research the water and air dynamics within a deep karst system. Air and water basic physical parameters across the Lukina jama–Trojama cave system (−1,431 m) were continuously monitored during a 1‐year period. Recorded hydrograph of the siphon lake at the bottom of the cave was used to interpret the characteristics of an unexplored phreatic/epiphreatic conduit network. Water origin in the siphon was determined based on temperature and electrical conductivity. Air temperature and humidity monitoring revealed a strong inflow of air of sub‐zero temperature into the upper portion of the cave during winter. Cave passage morphology was interpreted as the main determinant of air dynamics, which caused ice to accumulate extensively in the upper portions of the cave and caused the temperature on the top of the homothermic zone to be significantly below the mean outside temperature. Air dynamics also lowered the temperature of water flowing through the cave vadose zone and feeding the phreatic zone of the massif. The pronounced temperature difference between the phreatic zone and the top of the homothermic zone probably contributed to the thermal gradient observed in the cave, which is steeper than in ice‐free caves in the area. Our results enabled the development of a conceptual model that describes coupling between air and water dynamics in the cave system and its surroundings.
Podgorje is in the zone of the overlapping nodal-functional regions of Rijeka and Zadar. Despite its central position in the geographical context of Adriatic Croatia, the Podgorje region is suffering ...very negative demographic processes and trends because it is an area of poor transportation accessibility. The aim of this research paper is to analyze the interdependency of transport accessibility of Podgorje and the neighboring leading regional centers, as well as the negative demographic processes and trends that have destabilized this region and converted it into a rural periphery of Adriatic Croatia. The processes of littoralization and industrialization of the coast of Podgorje failed, when they should have created the prerequisites for the development of a functional network of settlements, which would have in turn created and kept necessary functions and retained the population. The absence of these processes has led to the demographic decline of the area.
Kao povijesna velebitska prometnica Majstorska cesta uvrštena je na popis kulturnih dobara Republike Hrvatske 2007. godine, ponajprije stoga što je od izgradnje i puštanja u promet 1832. godine do ...danas očuvana u izvornoj trasi od Obrovca do lokaliteta Paljenik na sjeverozapadnome kraju mjesta Sveti Rok. Cesta leži na sedimentnim stijenama stratigrafskoga raspona od gornjega karbona do gornjega paleogena ili od 315 milijuna godina do oko 25 milijuna godina prije današnjice. To je raspon od 290 milijuna godina. Uglavnom su to izvrsno otkriveni vapnenci i dolomiti, a dijelom i klastične naslage. Spomenuti izdanci čine jedinstvenu reprezentativnu i znanstveno važnu prirodnu vrijednost u Hrvatskoj i na svjetskoj razini. Izgrađuju ne samo Velebit nego i sve karbonatne stijene krških Dinarida i kao takve jedinstven su prirodni geološki muzej važan kako za hrvatsko ozemlje, tako i za područja izgrađena od plitkomorskih karbonatnih stijena Sredozemlja u širemu geološkom smislu, tj. od Meksika i Kariba preko gorskih lanaca Atlasa, Pireneja, Alpa, Karpata, Dinarida, Helenida, Pontida, Taurida, Iranida do Himalaja. Najvažnija geološka znamenitost jest profil od prijevoja Mali Alan do Tulovih greda. Radi se o kontinuiranome profilu kroz jurske karbonatne stijene, tipskome za čitave krške Dinaride, u stratigrafskome rasponu od hetangija do sredine titona (raspon geološke starosti od 201,3 do oko 148 milijuna godina prije sadašnjosti), uključujući provodne fosile i kompletan stratigrafski slijed naslaga (stijena) te uvid u dodir jurskih sa starijim, trijaskim naslagama. Kao višedesetljetni istraživači Velebita (od 1962. godine do danas) željeli bismo upozoriti na potrebu zaštite spomenutih izdanaka stijena i jurske starosti. Geologija Majstorske ceste opisana je smjerom od Svetoga Roka prema Obrovcu.
In order to document paleoenvironmental conditions of the equatorial western Paleo-Tethys during the late Middle Permian prior to the end-Guadalupian mass extinction, chemostratigraphic analysis ...using stable carbon isotopes was conducted for the Guadalupian rocks at Brusane in the Velebit Mtn., central Croatia. By analyzing 72 carbonate samples of the Capitanian (Upper Guadalupian) Velebit Formation, we found an interval with unusually high δ
13C
carb values (+
4 to +
6‰) in the ca. 150
m-thick
Yabeina (fusuline) Zone. The present find clarifies that the primary productivity and burial rate into the sediments were considerably high during the Capitanian in westernmost Paleo-Tethys. This chemostratigraphic signal is properly correlated with the “Kamura event” detected in a mid-Panthalassan paleo-atoll limestone in Japan. The present results identify the Capitanian “Kamura event” for the first time in European Paleo-Tethys on the opposite side of the globe from the mid-Panthalassan paleo-seamount, and prove the global context of the event as well as its utility in chemostratigraphic correlation. In order to enhance bioproductivity on a global scale, the increase in nutrient supply is inevitable. In addition to riverine run-off from Pangea, active oceanic circulation, in particular upwelling of deep-sea water enriched in nutrients, was likely vital both in Panthalassa and Paleo-Tethys. The extinction of some Guadalupian fauna, in particular photosymbiotic community (large-tested fusulines, large bivalves, rugose corals), was likely related to a temporary cooling coupled with eutrophication in low-latitude shallow marine environments of Paleo-Tethys and Panthalassa.
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