Abstract
Background
frailty shows an upward trajectory with age, and higher levels increase the risk of mortality. However, it is less known whether the shape of frailty trajectories differs by age ...at death or whether the rate of change in frailty is associated with mortality.
Objectives
to assess population frailty trajectories by age at death and to analyse whether the current level of the frailty index (FI) i.e. the most recent measurement or the person-specific rate of change is more predictive of mortality.
Methods
3,689 individuals from three population-based cohorts with up to 15 repeated measurements of the Rockwood frailty index were analysed. The FI trajectories were assessed by stratifying the sample into four age-at-death groups: <70, 70–80, 80–90 and >90 years. Generalised survival models were used in the survival analysis.
Results
the FI trajectories by age at death showed that those who died at <70 years had a steadily increasing trajectory throughout the 40 years before death, whereas those who died at the oldest ages only accrued deficits from age ~75 onwards. Higher level of FI was independently associated with increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio 1.68, 95% confidence interval 1.47–1.91), whereas the rate of change was no longer significant after accounting for the current FI level. The effect of the FI level did not weaken with time elapsed since the last measurement.
Conclusions
Frailty trajectories differ as a function of age-at-death category. The current level of FI is a stronger marker for risk stratification than the rate of change.
This article presents a single-core broadband voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), employing a dual-mode variable inductor (VID). By configuring two independent switched-capacitor arrays embedded ...into a magnetically coupled LC network with a moderately magnetic coupled coefficient, the frequency tuning range (FTR) is improved by the wide inductance reconfigurable range of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{X} </tex-math></inline-formula>-type mode. Together with 2-bit conventional switched-capacitor banks, the VCO measures an FTR of 40.25% from 12.5 to 18.3 GHz. The low-quality factor (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{Q} </tex-math></inline-formula>) degradation characteristic of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{L} </tex-math></inline-formula>-type mode is utilized to implement the tuning bands calibration (TBC). After calibration, the tuning voltage can always be calibrated within a small range around the common voltage. The ultimate turning band covers the frequency drift caused by the temperature variation. Designed and fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology, the measured phase noise after 1/2 division is −114.7 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset from the 18.49-GHz carrier frequency. The VCO core exhibits average power dissipation of 9.6 mW from 0.75-V power supply and 0.053 mm2 die area, while the other circuits are powered by a 1.2-V supply.
Higher body mass and obesity are associated with bodily pain, and rates of chronic pain increase among older adults. Most past studies are cross-sectional, precluding determination of the temporal ...relationship between body mass and pain. A longitudinal study of body mass and pain among middle-aged adults found that higher body mass index (BMI) led to greater lower back pain. No longitudinal study of BMI and pain has been conducted among adults older than 70 years. This study used dual change score models to determine the directional relationship between BMI and bodily pain in a sample of middle-aged and older adults. Participants (n = 1889) from the Swedish Twin Registry (baseline age range 40-93 years) completed at least 1 nurse assessment of BMI and self-report ratings of pain interference and joint pain. Pain interference was not associated with BMI, but joint pain was analyzed in univariate and bivariate models, with dual change score models modeling the relationship of BMI and joint pain across age, both independently and as part of bivariate relationships. The results indicated a reciprocal relationship between BMI and joint pain, but joint pain generally led to changes in BMI. In addition, the relationship changed with age, until approximately age 80 years, increasing joint pain contributed to higher BMI, but after that time increasing joint pain contributed to lower BMI. In addition, sex differences in the relationship between BMI and pain appeared after age 70 years. Thus, joint pain contributes to changes in BMI among middle-aged and older adults, but the relationship may change by age and sex.
Comparing twins from same- and opposite-sex pairs can provide information on potential sex differences in a variety of outcomes, including socioeconomic-related outcomes such as educational ...attainment. It has been suggested that this design can be applied to examine the putative role of intrauterine exposure to testosterone for educational attainment, but the evidence is still disputed. Thus, we established an international database of twin data from 11 countries with 88,290 individual dizygotic twins born over 100 years and tested for differences between twins from same- and opposite-sex dizygotic pairs in educational attainment. Effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by linear regression models after adjusting for birth year and twin study cohort. In contrast to the hypothesis, no difference was found in women (β = −0.05 educational years, 95% CI −0.11, 0.02). However, men with a same-sex co-twin were slightly more educated than men having an opposite-sex co-twin (β = 0.14 educational years, 95% CI 0.07, 0.21). No consistent differences in effect sizes were found between individual twin study cohorts representing Europe, the USA, and Australia or over the cohorts born during the 20th century, during which period the sex differences in education reversed favoring women in the latest birth cohorts. Further, no interaction was found with maternal or paternal education. Our results contradict the hypothesis that there would be differences in the intrauterine testosterone levels between same-sex and opposite-sex female twins affecting education. Our findings in men may point to social dynamics within same-sex twin pairs that may benefit men in their educational careers.
•Women having a female co-twin have similar education than as having a male co-twin.•Men having a male co-twin have higher education than if having a female co-twin.•There is no evidence for the Twin Testosterone Transfer hypothesis for education.•Having a same-sex co-twin may help men in their educational career.
Automatska detekcija objekata u moru na slikama nadzornih ili panoramskih kamera otvara mogućnost automatskog praćenja prometa, detekcije neovlaštenoga kretanja, opasnosti ili onečišćenja. U ovom ...radu analiziraju se performanse modela temeljenih na arhitekturi YOLOv7 za zadatak detekcije plovila i plutača na takvim slikama. Modeli su naučeni na vlastitom skupu podataka različitih pomorskih scena izrađenom za tu svrhu, korištenjem prijenosa učenja s modela naučenih na općenitim slikama. Također, ispitane su dvije varijante rukovanja ulazom u mrežu, te je korištenje strategije rezanja ulazne slike značajno poboljšalo rezultate detekcije posebno malih objekata u odnosu na osnovni model.
Automatic object detection in maritime surveillance or panoramic camera images opens up possibilities for automatic traffic monitoring, unauthorized movement detection, and hazard or pollution identification. This study investigates the performance of models based on the YOLOv7 architecture for the task of detecting vessels and buoys in images captured by panoramic and surveillance cameras. The models are trained on a dedicated dataset comprising diverse maritime scenes created for this purpose, utilizing transfer learning from models trained on generic images. Additionally, two variants of input handling strategies are examined, and the use of the input image cropping strategy significantly improves detection results, especially for small objects, compared to the baseline model.
Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: 1) Evaluar un proceso de concentración y deshidratación de un extracto polifenólico de semillas de vid (Vitis vinifera L.). El proceso debía conservar el poder ...reductor del extracto. 2) Valorar la eficiencia del antioxidante obtenido por comparación con antioxidantes de uso habitual en un producto vegetal susceptible de ser oxidado, tal como el jugo de manzanas. El extracto de semillas de vid fue concentrado a 60°C en un concentrador rotativo al vacío de laboratorio. La concentración de los compuestos fenólicos fue determinada por el método de Folin-Ciocalteu modificado. La actividad antioxidante se determinó midiendo el poder reductor, por el método de Oyaizu. La oxidación del jugo de manzanas se determinó por el método de Özoglu. El extracto concentrado obtenido fue deshidratado por dos métodos: liofilización y secado en lecho de espuma. A igual concentración fenólica, el extracto concentrado mostró mayor capacidad antioxidante que el extracto simple. El extracto secado en lecho de espuma conservó la misma capacidad antioxidante que el extracto concentrado. El extracto liofilizado experimentó una pérdida significativa de la actividad antioxidante. El extracto concentrado de semillas de vid inhibió la oxidación del jugo de manzanas en un 31,51%, el ácido ascórbico en un 2,60% y el dióxido de azufre en un 97,40%.
Body mass index (BMI) is associated with cognitive abilities, but the nature of the relationship remains largely unexplored. We aimed to investigate the bidirectional relationship from midlife ...through late-life, while considering sex differences and genetic predisposition to higher BMI. We used data from 23,892 individuals of European ancestry from the Health and Retirement Study, with longitudinal data on BMI and three established cognitive indices: mental status, episodic memory, and their sum, called total cognition. To investigate the dynamic relationship between BMI and cognitive abilities, we applied dual change score models of change from age 50 through 89, with a breakpoint at age 65 or 70. Models were further stratified by sex and genetic predisposition to higher BMI using tertiles of a polygenic score for BMI (PGS
). We demonstrated bidirectional effects between BMI and all three cognitive indices, with higher BMI contributing to steeper decline in cognitive abilities in both midlife and late-life, and higher cognitive abilities contributing to less decline in BMI in late-life. The effects of BMI on change in cognitive abilities were more evident in men compared to women, and among those in the lowest tertile of the PGS
compared to those in the highest tertile, while the effects of cognition on BMI were similar across groups. In conclusion, these findings highlight a reciprocal relationship between BMI and cognitive abilities, indicating that the negative effects of a higher BMI persist from midlife through late-life, and that weight-loss in late-life may be driven by cognitive decline.
Background: In oncology, physical activity (PA) is recognized to improve psychological and physiological functions. Motivating women with breast cancer to sustain a physically active lifestyle is ...important for promoting positive health after diagnosis. To review and synthesize what is known about how women with breast cancer experience supervised and unsupervised PA during and after adjuvant treatment. PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were searched, yielding 994 citations. The final review included 17 articles published between 2004 and 2014 in English. The CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) instrument was used to appraise quality. Results: Exercise is experienced as a positive element with multiple benefits. However, maintaining a physically active lifestyle during and after chemotherapy is sometimes challenging. Reported benefits of PA include feeling empowered, and improving and reclaiming health. Facilitators to PA comprised exercising with peers and skilled instructors. Barriers included social factors and lack of information. Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of incorporating PA programs from a patient experience perspective as routine treatment. Health care professionals play a crucial “gateway” role in providing information on implementation and benefits of PA. Providing support and educated advice about how to safely start or continue regular PA to minimize symptoms, reduce morbidity, and increase well-being during or after treatment is vital for women with breast cancer. Implications for Practice: Health care professionals need increased knowledge of the breast cancer patients’ perspectives on facilitators and barriers to PA during and after treatment, in order to provide sufficient support for women to stay physically active during a breast cancer illness.
•People's places and spaces during isolation were polarized.•Weak socioeconomic groups were voiceless in the Swedish press.•An analysis based on the ethics of justice and care is presented.•The ...hegemonic discourse was constructed as the Discourse of inequity.
El estudio consiste en la caracterización morfológica de las ocho variedades de uvas pisqueras “Torontel, Italia, Mollar, Quebranta, Negra criolla, Albilla, Moscatel y Uvina” cultivadas en el ...CITEagroindustrial. Se utilizó la lista de descriptores de la Organización Internacional de la Viña y del Vino para variedades de vid y especies de Vitis versión 2009. Algunos de los caracteres ampelográficos como el color y forma de las bayas del estado fenológico de maduración es información generalizada; sin embargo, al evaluar los 56 descriptores en otros estados fenológicos se observan diferencias. Por lo tanto, la descripción de las variedades que se muestran aportan una mayor precisión a la caracterización y sirven de guía a los productores de Pisco y productores de uvas para la sencilla y correcta identificación en campo de sus plantas, ya que existe confusión en la identificación de las distintas variedades, como la homonimia y la identificación incorrecta de variedades.
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