The article provides an overview of the organisational development of the Yugoslav People’s Army (YPA) in the Socialist Republic of Croatia (SRC) during the 1960s. The organisational development of ...YPA units in the SRC was generally almost identical to that of YPA units in the other Yugoslav republics. The development of the Navy, however, was different. There were several organisational changes that affected the YPA units in the SRC in this period. The first of these was the plan ‘Drvar’ in 1959, which introduced many new organisational forms inspired by experiences from Yugoslav Partisan warfare in World War II and by war in expected nuclear conditions. Due to some radical solutions that actually burdened the functioning of the YPA, a new organisational plan, ‘Drvar II’, was introduced in 1964 to amend this. It was followed by further reorganisations: one in 1965, which adjusted the names and traditions of the Partisan units and existing YPA units, another in 1966–1968, entitled ‘Snaga’ (Power), which led to the downsizing of the YPA following the notion in the highest Yugoslav military circles that foreign aggression was only possible from the NATO side. The sudden Warsaw Pact aggression on Czechoslovakia in August 1968 brought change in the Yugoslav perception of possible aggressors, which now included the neighbouring communist countries. This led to another organisational change entitled ‘Snaga II’. Looking from a distance, it seems that organisational changes in the YPA during the 1960s were endless. The article also notes the YPA turn to the Soviet Union for the purchasing of the modern military equipment, ranging from main battle tanks to supersonic fighters. It was written on the basis of the still-restricted sources of the Yugoslav General Staff that are kept in the Organisational Department of the Republic of Serbia’s Ministry of Defence.
By referring to original documents of the military and civilian institutions of the rebel Serbs as well as those of the Yugoslav People’s Army, this paper outlines the state and the activity of the ...aggressor forces in the occupied area of the Glina and Petrinja Districts, where Operation Whirlwind was carried out in December 1991. The military activities of the Croatian forces in this part of the Pokuplje region that preceded the operation are also described. A thorough insight into the preparation and course of the enemy counterattack in Operation Whirlwind is given, with a comparison of losses on both belligerent sides. Considering everything stated, the aggressor’s superiority in artillery and armour is obvious, as is the contribution of the Yugoslav People’s Army in carrying out the counterattack.
The article provides activities of the Yugoslav Army (Vojska Jugoslavi-je, VJ) and especially its General Staff in the period prior to and after the federal Yugoslav election held on 24th September ...2000. The majority of initial activities were linked to the political situation in Montenegro. The article reveals the preparation of the VJ “top brass” to deploy the forces against the protesters during the mass post-election rallies in Belgrade and all over Serbia. Those protests led to Slobodan Milošević’s fall from political power and from his posi-tion as president of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The newly elected FRY president became Vojislav Koštunica, leader of the Democratic Party of Serbia, who soon became accepted as the supreme commander of the Yugoslav Army’s General Staff as the key military institution in the state. In the beginning it looked like the Army would take part against the protesters using standard repertoire of armored, engineer, and special forces. A preserved document testifies that preparations for intervention had been done, but that the huge opposition movement, masses of people on the streets, and the general disappointment with Milošević’s twelve-year rule prevented the army from taking any action in the streets. The calming down of the post-revolutionary events and the top military brass remaining unchanged was satisfactory to the General Staff. An article was written on the unrevealed Vojska Jugoslavije documents. In 2003, Federal Defense Minister Boris Tadić asked the General Staff to provide the relevant documents on the role of the VJ in events around and during 5th October. The other group of documents represents transcripts from the General Staff meetings held in September and October of 2000, which had been declassified by that time by Lt General Ponoš, chief of the General Staff.
Introduction/purpose: The Air Force accomplishes its tasks in the airspace where it must use special equipment and weapons which makes it extremely technically demanding. This reliance on technique ...speaks of the importance of logistics in the Air Force. Support to the Air Force of the Serbian Armed Forces is provided by national logistics through, among other things, various branches and parts of industry such as military industry - part of industry that deals with the production and trade of weapons and military equipment. Methods:The methods applied in the paper are the analysis of the tendencies of development of modern aviation assets and military industries in the world as well as the synthesis considering the state of national logistics today and its possibilities of supporting the Serbian Air Force through its basic sources. Results: Basic sources and possible prospects for further development of national logistics are considered, with the focus on the modernization of aircraft and other assets, military personnel training and improvement of their standard of living as well as on the cooperative development of joint projects with foreign partners. Conclusion: It is important to be directed towards creating the conditions for long-term prospects of the development of national logistics in support of the Serbian Air Force. / Введение/цель: Военная авиация осуществляет свои задачи в воздушном пространстве, поэтому ей необходимо использовать спецоборудование и вооружение, которые в свою очередь делают ее особо техническим видом вооруженных сил. Данная техническая подоплека указывает на важность логистики для Военно- воздушных сил. Национальная логистика оказывает постоянную поддержку Военно-воздушным силам Республики Сербия, в том числе посредством различных отраслей промышленности. В первую очередь задействована оборонная промышленность, занимающаяся производством и сбытом боевых средств и военного оборудования. Методы: В данной работе применялся метод анализа мировых тенденций развития современных авиационных средств и спецтехники, а также метод синтеза, с помощью которого представлено состояние национальной логистики на сегодняшний день, а также возможности поддержки Военно-воздушным силам Республики Сербия, посредством своих основных источников. Результаты: Рассмотрены основные источники и возможные перспективы дальнейшего развития национальной логистики с упором на модернизацию самолетов и иной спецтехники, на подготовку кадров и повышение уровня жизни военнослужащих, а также на разработку и развитие совместных проектов с зарубежными партнерами. Выводы: Значимость статьи заключается в выявлении перспектив развития, которые могли бы значительно повлиять на дальнейшую направленность национальной логистики на оказание поддержки Военно-воздушным силам Республики Сербия. / Uvod/svrha: Ratno vazduhoplovstvo realizuje svoje zadatke u vazdušnom prostoru, pa mora da koristi specijalnu opremu i naoružanje, što ga čini izrazito tehničkim delom ovog vida u kojem logistika ima važno mesto. Nacionalna logistika pruža podršku Ratnom vazduhoplovstvu Vojske Srbije, pored ostalog, kroz različite grane i delove industrije. To čini, prevashodno, kroz namensku industriju - delom industrije koji se bavi proizvodnjom i prometom naoružanja i vojne opreme. Metode: U radu se koristi metoda analize, kojom su ispitivane tendencije razvoja savremenih vazduhoplovnih sredstava i namenskih industrija u svetu, kao i metoda sinteze, kojom se sagledava stanje nacionalne logistike danas i mogućnosti podrške Ratnom vazduhoplovstvu Vojske Srbije kroz njene osnovne izvore. Rezultati: Sagledani su osnovni izvori i moguće perspektive daljeg razvoja nacionalne logistike, sa težištem na modernizaciji VUbS-a (uvođenje novih letelica i druge opreme, obuka ljudstva, kao i poboljšanje životnog standarda pripradnika Vojske), te razvoju i saradnji na zajedničkim projektima sa inostranim partnerima. Zaključak: Potrebno je u značajnoj meri težiti stvaranju uslova za dugoročnu perspektivu razvoja nacionalne logistike u podršci Ratnom vazduhoplovstvu Vojske Srbije.
The aim of the research is to provide proactive mitigation of safety risk to people and property of the effects of explosions of explosive materials in the Serbian Army based on a large number of ...relevant collected data. Achieving these research goals requires the use of appropriate methods and techniques for understanding and studying the existing theoretical and practical solutions as well as proposing new solutions in the area of interest. The research includes possibilities to mitigate risk to people and property from the effects of explosive material explosions. These possibilities aim at reducing danger, risk and threat to the population, their property and the environment, as well as at mitigating the consequences of possible emergencies. The following methods have also been discussed: avoidance, retention, reduction, division, transfer and reduction of hazards, risks and threats, where for each method a detailed theoretical explanation is provided with appropriate examples of good practice. The formulated hypothesis is also being proven, with the aim to - with a scientific objectivity towards one's own research results - accept or reject the proposed methods. / На основании данного исследования представлены возможности смягчения угрозы безопасности населения и имущества от взрыва взрывчатых средств. Исследование проведено с целью определения мер по снижению опасности, рисков и угроз длянаселения, имущества и окружающей среды и смягчения последствий чрезвычайных ситуаций. В статье также подробно описаны следующие методы: профилактика, отсрочивание, снижение, распределение, перенос и уменьшение опасности, рисков и угроз, подкрепленные соответствующими практическими примерами. В процессе исследования, автор стремился доказать гипотезу с объективностью научного подхода к результатам собственных трудово применении представленных методов. / Istraživanjem su obuhvaćene mogućnosti za ublažavanje bezbednosne ugroženosti ljudi i imovine od efekata eksplozije eksplozivnih sredstava koje imaju za cilj da smanje opasnost, rizik i pretnju po stanovništvo, njihovu imovinu i životnu sredinu, kao i da ublaže posledice moguće vanredne situacije. Razmotrene su sledeće metode: izbegavanje, zadržavanje, umanjenje, podela, prenos i redukcija opasnosti, rizika i pretnji. Svaka metoda je detaljno teorijski objašnjena, uz adekvatne primere iz prakse. Dokazivana je postavljena hipoteza koja ima za cilj da, prilazeći s naučnom objektivnošću vlastitim rezultatima istraživanja, prihvati ili odbaci predložene metode.
The active role of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) comes to the fore in wartime circumstances, in carrying out activities based on international war law (the Geneva and Hague ...Conventions) regarding providing assistance to all war victims. In securing working conditions during World War II, the ICRC attempted to establish official relations with all belligerent parties regardless of whether they were or were not recognised as belligerent parties. Therefore, the author presents part of the ICRC efforts made in the process of recognising the international war law-regulated status of belligerent party to members of the People’s Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia, i.e. the status of prisoners of war. Despite some earlier contacts, after the designation of a permanent representative to the Independent State of Croatia (1943), the ICRC launched extensive activities in favour of members of the Yugoslav Partisan movement, the most important of which was the practical application of the international law of war. Permanent representative Schmidlin constantly intervened in the ministries and the prime minister of the Independent State of Croatia through the Central Office of the Croatian Red Cross and as well through prominent figures in the political and social life of the State. However, although the Partisans de facto achieved the position of a belligerent party in their relations with the German military forces, this status was strongly opposed by the ISC authorities.Due to the change in the British attitude towards the Yugoslav Partisans, in the summer of 1943 the ICRC leadership ordered its permanent representative in Zagreb to establish contact with members of the People’s Liberation Army of Yugoslavia as soon as possible. Very soon, Schmidlin contacted the Supreme Headquarters of the People’s Liberation Army and Partisan detachments of Yugoslavia. In late November 1943, shortly after the beginning of the Allied Conference in Tehran, the ICRC leadership also received an Allied recommendation on the same subject. The existence of the Yugoslav Committee of the Red Cross in London, which had legitimacy and was the only recognised Yugoslav national Red Cross society, was a major problem in establishing relations between the ICRC and the Yugoslav Partisans. The ICRC leadership remained committed to not recognising the new societies created during the war. After the signing of the Tito-Šubašić agreement in mid-June 1944, the ICRC leadership changed its position, and representatives of the Yugoslav government and Marshal Tito sent several letters to the ICRC Permanent Delegation in London in late September and early October 1944. In those letters, they informed the ICRC leadership of the establishment of the Central Committee of the Yugoslav Red Cross on the island of Vis. At the same time, the Royal Yugoslav Red Cross Society in London was dissolved. All of this resulted in the unification of the national organisation of the Red Cross in Yugoslavia, which led to the establishment of official relations between the ICRC and Yugoslav Partisans at the end of 1944. Based on original archival sources and literature, the author points to some aspects of cooperation until the end of World War II and in the early post-war period. One of the main aspects of the ICRC’s work during this period was the practical application of the provisions of the international law of war to prisoners of war in Yugoslavia. Tito himself made the same promises, though the Yugoslav Ministry of Social Policy made this conditional: they would be applied only if it was proven that captured members of the Partisan movement had been treated in the same way during the war. The treatment of prisoners of war in Yugoslavia could only be speculated about, and the authorities immediately refused to allow foreign diplomatic or ICRC representatives to gain insight into the treatment of prisoners of war. It is clear that the ICRC faced the same problems in its relations with the authorities of the Independent State of Croatia and the German Reich during the war and the Yugoslav authorities at the end of the war and in the immediate post-war period.
Proces profesionalizacije Vojske Srbije uslovio je kvalitativno-kvantitativne promene u kadrovskoj strukturi i doveo do smanjenja brojnog stanja njenih pripadnika. U kadetskom restoranu na Vojnoj ...akademiji došlo je do stvaranja infrastrukturnog i organizacionog balasta u kapacitetima za pripremu i podelu hrane koji sistem ishrane kadeta čini nerentabilnim. Izgrađeni kapaciteti projektovani su tako da omogućavaju pripremu i podelu 40% obroka više od realnih potreba, što u ekonomskom kontekstu sagledavanja finansijski bespotrebno opterećuje ograničeni iznos novčanih sredstava koja se za tu svrhu izdvajaju. U smislu zadovoljenja ekonomskih principa moguće je smanjiti ili sasvim eliminisati negativne efekte upošljavanjem viška kapaciteta ili pronalaženjem alternativnih načina kojima bi se funkcija ishrane u Vojnoj akademiji realizovala na racionalniji način. Rad predstavlja analizu 'za i protiv' koja u prvi plan ističe neke od relevantnih činjenica za pronalaženje celishodnijeg rešenja. Sistem ishrane u Vojnoj akademiji analiziran je kroz uzročno-posledične odnose faktora unutar i izvan sistema uz nastojanje da se njegovo funkcionisanje unapredi sa organizaciono-ekonomskog, tehničko-tehnološkog i nutritivno-bezbednosnog aspekta, a na osnovu savremenih naučnih saznanja i domaćih i stranih iskustava. / The process of professionalisation of the Serbian Army has caused qualitative and quantitative changes in the personnel structure and has led to the reduction in the numerical strength of its members. The restaurant at the Military Academy has faced infrastructural and organisational ballasts in its capacity for food preparation and distribution thus making the Military Academy food system uneconomic. The capacities of the restaurant are designed to allow for the preparation and distribution of 40% more meals than the actual needs, which, in the economic context, places unnecessary financial burden on the limited amount of funds allocated for this purpose. In terms of economic principles, it is possible to reduce or completely eliminate the negative effects through employing redundant workforce or finding alternative ways to organise the food system at the Military academy in a more rational way. The article represents a 'pro et contra' analysis that places an emphasis on some relevant facts in finding expedient solutions. The food system at the Military Academy was analyzed through the causeeffect relations of the factors within and outside the system and through the efforts to improve the system functioning from organizational, economic, technological and nutrition security aspects, based on current scientific knowledge and domestic and foreign experience.
In order to take control of the entire Prijedor Municipality, Serbian military and police forces conducted attacks on areas in which Bosniaks or Croats were the majority population. Thus, Kozarac and ...its surroundings were attacked on 24 May 1992, soon followed by the Ljubija area. From 24 to 26 May 1992, the Serbian authorities formed the camps Omarska, Keraterm, and Trnopolje as well as several other places of internment. Captive Bosniaks and Croats from the city and municipality of Prijedor were brought and imprisoned there. The municipality was completely conquered in the second half of July 1992, when the Bosniak and Croat villages on the left bank of the Sana were attacked. According to data gathered thus far, 3,173 Bosniaks and Croats were killed on the territory of Prijedor Municipality.Victims of all the mentioned crimes included children and minors, killed exclusively due to their national or religious affiliation. In addition, many were subjected to imprisonment, expulsion, or other forms of crime. This paper is focused on the murders of 102 children and minors, based on records of missing and exhumed persons. The dates of their disappearances were recorded based on when their families reported them, which does not necessarily mean they were killed on those dates. The discovery of their remains during the exhumations and the fact that these bodies, and those that have yet to be exhumed, have been recorded in the database of the International Commission on Missing Persons (ICMP) are proof of the murders of said children and minors.
The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes / Yugoslavia was not a major subject of the operational activities (main operational objective) of the Polish military intelligence. Nonetheless, due to the ...implemented and planned strategic projects related to national defence, assignments were made to collect data, primarily on the military potential of the country, its politics towards neighbouring states, and the possibility of selling Polish arms to it. There is no doubt that the leadership of Poland and the intelligence officers were interested in the secret expansion of the Yugoslav army and its political and military relations with Czechoslovakia and Romania within the frame of its obligations as part of the Little Entente. The analysed documents show that the Polish army saw Yugoslavia as a state with complicated internal relations that seeks to preserve the Versailles order and has numerous scholarly and cultural ties with Poland. On the other hand, they detected Yugoslavia’s sympathy for Russia, Czechoslovakia, and Germany as well as its numerous White Guard diaspora, which was seen as an element infiltrated there by the Bolsheviks, and this certainly also influenced the decision that the Kingdom of Yugoslavia should be included in the intelligence activities of the Management of Intelligence and Reconnaissance Intelligence (P2) in order to evaluate its politics and military capabilities.
Information, as one of the important factors of armed conflicts, greatly influences the physiognomy, the direction and the speed of the development of contemporary conflicts. It expresses the ...availability of knowledge and data necessary for successful command and control at all levels. Its availability reduces the uncertainty in military activity and enables a better assessment of the situation, as well as making relevant decisions in real time. In the paper, the Telecommunications and Information System (TkIS) of the Serbian Armed Forces (SAF) is looked at from several aspects, and the issue of the need for improvement of the existing system, imposed by constant development of information technologies, is being updated. The concept, purpose, structure and level of development of the TkIS are dealt with in the paper, particularly the level of development of the SAF TkIS and its cause-effect relation with the defense of the Republic of Serbia, with a focus on military defense. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of the Serbian Armed Forces telecommunications and information system on the defense of the Republic of Serbia with the emphasis on military defense, and to point out the need for continuous improvement of the TkIS and continuous education, i.e. adequate and timely training of the personnel for its use for military defense. The importance of the work is in the analyzed state of the Serbian Telecommunications and Information System in relation to the needs of the military defense of the Republic of Serbia in the context of contemporary security challenges. / Информация, как один из важных факторов войны, оказывает большое влияние на форму, направление и скорость развития современных конфликтов. Она подразумевает владение знаниями и данными, необходимыми для успешного командования и управления на всех уровнях. Владение информацией снижает степень неизвестности в военном деле и способствует лучшей оценке ситуации, а также принятию соответствующих решений в реальном времени. В данной статье с разных аспектов представлена телекоммуникационная система (ТкИС) Вооруженных сил Республики Сербия и открывается вопрос о необходимости совершенствования существующей системы, что в свою очередь требует постоянное развитие информационных технологий. В работе описаны понятие, назначение, применение, структура и достигнутый уровень развития ТкИС. С особым вниманием были проанализированы уровень развития ТкИС ВС РС и причинно-следственные связи с обороной Республики Сербия, с упором на военную оборону. Цель данной работы заключается в представлении того, каким образом информационная и телекоммуникационная системы Вооруженных сил Республики Сербия могут влиять на оборону Республики Сербия, особенно на военную оборону, нам также хотелось обратить внимание на необходимость постоянного совершенствования и развития ТкИС, то есть, в организации соответствующей и своевременной подготовки персонала для нужд военной обороны. Значимость данной работы заключается в проведенном анализе состояния телекоммуникационной и информационной систем Вооруженных сил Республики Сербия и представлении реальных нужд военной обороны Республики Сербия в контексте современных вызовов безопасности. / Informacija, kao jedan od značajnih faktora oružane borbe, u velikoj meri utiče na fizionomiju, pravac i brzinu razvoja savremenih sukoba. Ona izražava raspoloživost znanjima i podacima potrebnim za uspešno komandovanje i rukovođenje na svim nivoima. Njenom raspoloživošću smanjuje se neizvesnost u vojnoj delatnosti i omogućava se bolja procena situacije, kao i donošenje svrsishodnih odluka u realnom vremenu. U radu se sa više aspekata sagledava telekomunikaciono-informacioni sistem (TkIS) Vojske Srbije i aktuelizuje pitanje potrebe unapređenja postojećeg sistema koje nameće neprestani razvoj informacionih tehnologija. U radu se navode pojam, namena, struktura i dostignuti stepen razvoja TkIS. Detaljno su analizirani stepen razvoja TkIS VS i uzročno-posledične veze sa odbranom Republike Srbije, sa težištem na vojnoj odbrani. Cilj rada jeste da se sagleda uticaj telekomunikaciono-informacionog sistema Vojske Srbije na odbranu Republike Srbije sa težištem na vojnoj odbrani, kao i da se ukaže na potrebu neprestanog usavršavanja TkIS i kontinuirane edukacije, odnosno adekvatne i pravovremene obuke kadra za njihovo korišćenje u vojnoodbrambene svrhe. Značaj rada ogleda se u analizi stanja telekomunikaciono-informacionog sistema Vojske Srbije u odnosu na potrebe vojne odbrane Republike Srbije u kontekstu savremenih bezbednosnih izazova.
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