Interpreters and War Crimes (Edition 1) Takeda, Kayoko
International Journal of Research Studies in Language Learning,
01/2021, Letnik:
1, Številka:
4
eBook, Book Review
Odprti dostop
Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this book raises new questions and provides different perspectives on the roles, responsibilities, ethics and protection of interpreters in war while ...investigating the substance and agents of Japanese war crimes and legal aspects of interpreters’ taking part in war crimes. Informed by studies on interpreter ethics in conflict, historical studies of Japanese war crimes and legal discussion on individual liability in war crimes, Takeda provides a detailed description and analysis of the 39 interpreter defendants and interpreters as witnesses of war crimes at British military trials against the Japanese in the aftermath of the Pacific War, and tackles ethical and legal issues of various risks faced by interpreters in violent conflict.The book first discusses the backgrounds, recruitment and wartime activities of the accused interpreters at British military trials in addition to the charges they faced, the defence arguments and the verdicts they received at the trials, with attention to why so many of the accused were Taiwanese and foreign-born Japanese. Takeda provides a contextualized discussion, focusing on the Japanese military’s specific linguistic needs in its occupied areas in Southeast Asia and the attributes of interpreters who could meet such needs. In the theoretical examination of the issues that emerge, the focus is placed on interpreters’ proximity to danger, visibility and perceived authorship of speech, legal responsibility in war crimes and ethical issues in testifying as eyewitnesses of criminal acts in violent hostilities. Takeda critically examines prior literature on the roles of interpreters in conflict and ethical concerns such as interpreter neutrality and confidentiality, drawing on legal discussion of the ineffectiveness of the superior orders defence and modes of individual liability in war crimes. The book seeks to promote intersectoral discussion on how interpreters can be protected from exposure to manifestly unlawful acts such as torture.
Making sense of war Weiner, Amir
2001., 20120116, 2012, 2000, c2001., 2001-01-01
eBook
In Making Sense of War, Amir Weiner reconceptualizes the entire historical experience of the Soviet Union from a new perspective, that of World War II. Breaking with the conventional interpretation ...that views World War II as a post-revolutionary addendum, Weiner situates this event at the crux of the development of the Soviet--not just the Stalinist--system. Through a richly detailed look at Soviet society as a whole, and at one Ukrainian region in particular, the author shows how World War II came to define the ways in which members of the political elite as well as ordinary citizens viewed the world and acted upon their beliefs and ideologies.
This richly textured cultural history of Italian fascism traces the narrative path that accompanied the making of the regime and the construction of Mussolini's power. Simonetta Falasca-Zamponi reads ...fascist myths, rituals, images, and speeches as texts that tell the story of fascism. Linking Mussolini's elaboration of a new ruling style to the shaping of the regime's identity, she finds that in searching for symbolic means and forms that would represent its political novelty, fascism in fact brought itself into being, creating its own power and history.
Falasca-Zamponi argues that an aesthetically founded notion of politics guided fascist power's historical unfolding and determined the fascist regime's violent understanding of social relations, its desensitized and dehumanized claims to creation, its privileging of form over ethical norms, and ultimately its truly totalitarian nature.
From 1942 to 1950, nearly twenty thousand Poles found refuge
from the horrors of war-torn Europe in camps within Britain's
African colonies, including Uganda, Tanganyika, Kenya and Northern
and ...Southern Rhodesia. On the Edges of Whiteness tells
their improbable story, tracing the manifold, complex relationships
that developed among refugees, their British administrators, and
their African neighbors. While intervening in key historical
debates across academic disciplines, this book also gives an
accessible and memorable account of survival and dramatic cultural
dislocation against the backdrop of global conflict.
The existing liberal hegemonic order is essentially an American-led and western-centred one. Its desirability and sustainability have been called into questions due to a wide array of challenges and ...developments. The rise of China is both one of the drivers of change as well as a key determinant shaping the emerging order. This article discusses what China’s vision for a future international order looks like, what kind of impact China is likely to have on this order and how this will happen. By examining the ideas, concepts and practices which inform China’s vision for the future, it argues that China will search for a liberal partnership order composed of an open economic order, a relatively more equal political order and a cooperative security order. To advance this goal, China will aim to preserve or even expand the liberal features of the prevailing order while curtailing its hegemonic nature. Instead of attempting to overturn the current order, China would pursue selective and incremental adjustments that overtime will lead to an order transition. Given current constraints, China cannot shape the emerging order in the same way as the United States did in the post-Second World War period, and the form and tempo of the order transition will depend largely on the outcome of Sino-US bargaining.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Est-il pertinent de parler « d'économie de guerre climatique » dans le contexte actuel ? Etudier les raisonnements qui ont conduit à justifier la suspension des règles du marché pendant la Seconde ...Guerre mondiale permet de mieux comprendre l'analogie entre l'économie de guerre et les enjeux de la transition écologique.
Millî Mücadele'nin zaferle sonuçlanmasında bağımsızlık, milliyetçilik, özgürlük, vatan gibi ulusal kavramların manevi bir işlev gördüğü yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. Türk halkının gerek var olma ...savaşında gerekse de akabinde benimsediği demokratik sistemde hayati fonksiyona sahip olan bu millî değerlerin başlıca gayesi kurulan yeni devleti korumak ve kollamak üzerine bina edilmiştir. Misak-ı Millî sınırlarında filizlenip büyüyen yeni devletin yaşaması bu bilincin her daim taze, canlı, uyanık ve diri tutulmasına bağlıdır. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin hayat sigortalarından biri olan bu millî şuur, vatan topraklarını savunma ve muhafaza etme konusundaki en büyük sınavlarından birini, II. Dünya Savaşı sonlarında Sovyetler Birliği'nin Boğazlar üzerindeki taleplerine karşı vermiştir. Türkiye, SSCB'ye karşı verdiği bu sınavında millî ruhla sarıp sarmalanan ve mizah dünyasının vurucu gücü olan karikatür dünyasından da büyük destek görmüştür. Bilhassa XIX. yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren ülkelerin savaşlarda ve yahut olağanüstü dönemlerde ruhsal mücadeleyi güçlendirmek için kullanmaya başladığı araçlarından olan karikatür, bu niteliği ile tarihin görsel veri kaynaklarından biri kimliğine dönüşmüştür. Tarihi bir done olan karikatürün bu misyonu Sovyetlerin Soğuk Savaş Dönemi'nde Boğazlar üzerindeki istemleri için de söz konusu olmuştur. Bu döneme şahitlik eden çizerler tuvale yansıttıkları renkli, büyülü, komik, ilginç, çekici karikatürleri vasıtasıyla mevcut sorunu kritize edip kamuoyunu bu konuda aydınlatıp bilinçlendirmelerinin yanı sıra SSCB'ye taleplerinin kabul edilemez olduğunun da mesajını vermişlerdir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Karikatür, Nota, Boğazlar, SSCB, Ulusal Bilinç.
German Blood, Slavic Soil reveals how Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, twentieth-century Europe's two most violent revolutionary regimes, transformed a single city and the people who lived there. ...During World War II, this single city became an epicenter in the apocalyptic battle between their two regimes. Drawing on sources and perspectives from both sides, Nicole Eaton explores not only what Germans and Soviets thought about each other, but also how the war brought them together. She details an intricate timeline, first describing how Königsberg, a seven-hundred-year-old German port city on the Baltic Sea and lifelong home of Immanuel Kant, became infamous in the 1930s as the easternmost bastion of Hitler's Third Reich and the launching point for the Nazis' genocidal war in the East. She then describes how, after being destroyed by bombing and siege warfare in 1945, Königsberg became Kaliningrad, the westernmost city of Stalin's Soviet Union. Königsberg/Kaliningrad is the only city to have been ruled by both Hitler and Stalin as their own—in both wartime occupation and as integral territory of the two regimes. German Blood, Slavic Soil presents an intimate look into the Nazi-Soviet encounter during World War II. Eaton impressively shows how this outpost city, far from the centers of power in Moscow and Berlin, became a closed-off space where Nazis and Stalinists each staged radical experiments in societal transformation and were forced to reimagine their utopias in dialogue with the encounter between the victims and proponents of the two regimes.
