Velika Srbija kolokvijalan je naziv za nacionalistički i iredentistički projekt dijela srpske inteligencije koji je nastao početkom devetnaestoga stoljeća. Međutim velikosrpski projekt datira još od ...1557. g., odnosno nakon ponovne uspostave Pećke patrijaršije. Tada je pravoslavni klir (svećenstvo) počeo promicati ideju po-novne uspostave Dušanovoga Carstva koje se prostiralo na području današnjih devet suverenih država.
Oživotvorenje velikosrpskoga projekta, odnosno homogenizacija velikosrpskih krugova ponovno je počela još za vrijeme Titova života, a dinamizirala se poslije njegove smrti otvaranjem srpskoga pitanja na Kosovu. Dinamiziranje procesa za primarni cilj nije imalo rješavanje kosovskoga pitanja, već ponovnu homogenizaciju i mobilizaciju srpskoga puka na području cijeloga SFRJ-a.
U cilju operacionalizacije velikosrpskoga projekta najznačajniji čimbenik bila je Jugoslavenska narodna armija (JNA), ona je trebala biti jamac. Stoga su početkom 80-ih godina prošloga stoljeća počeli sa sustavnom srbizacijom zapovjednoga kadra, gdje su Srbi i Crnogorci zauzeli dominantnu ulogu. JNA je 1990./91. g. bio najznačajniji čimbenik pri naoružavanju pobunjenih Srba.
Autori u ovome radu napravili su analizu vojnih efektiva JNA-a na ozemlju Đakovačko-osječke nadbiskupije koji su aktivno stavljeni u funkciju dezintegracije Republike Hrvatske. Naime takva analiza za to područje nije sustavno napravljena. Pri izradi kori-stili su se reduciranim pisanim izvorima i osobnim iskustvom u obrani suvereniteta i teritorijalnoga integriteta Republike Hrvatske na tome području.
A new method for determination of trace gold (Au), palladium (Pd), and platinum (Pt) in environmental and geological samples by electrothermal vaporization (ETV)–inductively coupled plasma atomic ...emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) with the use of chelating resin YPA4 as both solid phase extractant and chemical modifier has been developed. The resin loaded with analytes was prepared to slurry and directly introduced into the graphite furnace without any pretreatment. The factors affecting the vaporization behaviors of Au, Pd, and Pt were investigated in detail. It was found that, in the presence of YPA4, Au and Pd could be quantitatively vaporized at lower vaporization temperature of 1900°C. Compared with the conventional electrothermal vaporization, the vaporization temperature was decreased by 700°C, and the detection limits for Au and Pd was decreased by a three-fold. However, a little effect of YPA4 on the ETV–ICP-AES determination of Pt was found. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits (3σ) of Au, Pd, and Pt for this method are 75, 60, and 217pg, respectively; and their relative standard deviations (R.S.D.) are 4.4, 5.6, and 3.7%, respectively (n=9, C=0.2μgml−1). The proposed method has been applied to the determination of trace Pd and Pt in sewage sludge, and the results well agreed with the recommended values. In order to further verify the accuracy of the developed method, a GBW07293 certified geological reference material and an auto catalyst NIST SRM 2557 reference material were analyzed, and the determined values coincided with the certified values very well.
A new method using a microcolumn packed with YPA
4 chelating resin as solid-phase extractor has been developed for the separation and preconcentration of trace Hg prior to its measurement by GFAAS ...with Pd as a permanent modifier. Various parameters such as the amount of the modifier, pH, sample flow rate, the concentration and volume of eluent have been studied in order to find the best conditions for the determination of mercury. The detection limit of the method (3
σ) for Hg based on an enrichment factor of 100 was 0.2
ng
ml
−1. A characteristic mass of 114
pg was obtained for mercury using Pd as a permanent modifier. The relative standard deviation was 2.8% at the 10
ng
ml
−1 level (
n
=
5). The method has been applied to the determination of trace mercury in environmental water samples and the recoveries for the spiked samples are in the range of 91–105%.
A simple and effective method for the determination of trace amounts of methylmercury (MeHg+) and inorganic mercury (Hg2+) in seafood was developed by online microcolumn separation/preconcentration ...combined with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). It was found that Hg2+ could be quantitatively adsorbed by YPA4 resin from pH 7.0 to strong acidic medium (6 mol L−1 HCl) and that MeHg+ was retained by the YPA4 microcolumn only at pH 1.0−7.0. Therefore, a strong acidic medium (about 5 mol L−1 HCl), which could liberate mercury species from biological samples, was used to directly separate inorganic Hg2+ from total Hg, and MeHg+ in effluent was retained by YPA4 column after the effluent was adjusted to pH 1.5. The effects of acidity, sample flow rate and volume, elution solution, and interfering ions on recovery of the two mercury species have been systematically investigated. Under optimal conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) were 72 and 44 ng L−1 for Hg2+ and MeHg+ (as Hg) with online concentration factors of 12.5 and 12.1, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for nine replicate determinations at 5 ng mL−1 levels of mercury species were 2.7 and 2.0% for Hg2+ and MeHg+, respectively. The calibration graphs were linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.9902 in the range of 0.5−100 ng mL−1 for Hg2+ and 0.9976 in the range of 0.1−100 ng mL−1 for MeHg+, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to the direct determination of MeHg+ and Hg2+ in seafood samples, and the recoveries for the spiked samples were in the range of 89.9−102.4% (MeHg+) and 87.0−104.6% (Hg2+), respectively. The method was validated by analyzing a certified reference material DORM-2 (dogfish muscle), and the determined values were in good agreement with certified values.
A new method has been developed for in-situ separation of Pd from a Pt matrix and determination of trace Pd based on different vaporization temperatures by electrothermal vaporization (ETV) ...inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) with the use of polythioether backbone modified with a diaminoisopropylmercaptane chelating group (YPA4), both as solid phase extractant and chemical modifier. In 0.5 M HNO3, Pd and Pt can be adsorbed by YPA4. The resin loaded with Pd and Pt was then prepared to form a slurry that can be directly introduced into the graphite furnace without any pretreatment. The factors affecting in-situ separation of Pd from the Pt matrix were investigated in detail. It was found that, in the presence of YPA4, Pd could be quantitatively vaporized at lower vaporization temperatures (1800 deg C-1900 deg C), while Pt could not be vaporized from the graphite furnace at the same temperature, its quantitative vaporization temperature being 2600'C. Based on the different vaporization temperatures, in-situ separation of Pd from the Pt matrix and determination of trace Pd by ETV-ICP-OES was achieved in the temperature range of 1800 deg C-1900 deg C. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limit (3s) of Pd is 60pg, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) is 5.6% (n=9, C = 0.2 mug mL-1). The method has been applied to the determination of trace Pd in anode slime and Auto Catalyst NIST SRM 2557 reference material, and the determined values coincide with the certified values.
A simple and selective method of flow injection (FI) using a micro‐column packed with chelating resin YPA4 as solid phase extractant was developed for the preconcentration and separation of trace ...amount of noble metals, Au(III), Ag(I), Pd(II) and Pt(IV), followed by ICP‐AES determination. In HNO3 media, the chelating resin was selective towards Au(III), Ag(I), Pd(II) and Pt(IV), and the analysed ions were readily desorbed quantitatively with 5 ml of 2.5% m/v thiourea. Effects of acidity, sample flow rate and concentration, elution solution and interfering ions on the recovery of the analytes were systematically investigated. Under optimum conditions, the adsorption capacities of YPA4 for Au(III), Ag(I), Pd(II) and Pt(IV) were 67.2, 43.1, 64.8 and 27.6 mg per gram of resin in HNO3 media, respectively. It was found that YPA4 could be used for more than eight runs in HNO3 media without loss of capacity. The proposed method was used for the determination of trace noble metals in geological and environmental samples, and the analytical results obtained were in good agreement with the recommended values.
Une méthode simple et sélective par injection de flux (FI) utilisant une micro‐colonne remplie de résine chelate YPA4 comme extractant solide, a été développée pour préconcentrer et séparer de très faibles quantités des métaux nobles Au(III), Ag(I), Pd(II) et Pt(IV), analysés ensuite par ICP‐AES. En milieu HNO3, la résine chelate retient sélectivement Au(III), Ag(I), Pd(II) et Pt(IV) et les ions analysés sont ensuite désorbés quantitativement avec 5 ml de 2.5% m/v de thio‐urée. Les effets de l'acidité, du flux utilisé, de la concentration de la solution d'élution et des ions interférants, sur la récupération des analytes ont été vérifiés systématiquement. Dans les conditions déterminées comme optimales les capacités d'adsorption de YPA4 pour Au(III), Ag(I), Pd(II) et Pt(IV) sont respectivement de 67.2, 43.1, 64.8 et 27.6 mg par gramme de résine en milieu HNO3. Il s'est révélé que YPA4 pouvait être utilisée plus de huit fois sans perdre ses capacités de rétention. La méthode proposée a été utilisée pour déterminer les teneurs en métaux nobles dans des échantillons géologiques et environnementaux et les résultats analytiques obtenus sont en très bon accord avec les valeurs recommandées.
Youth partnership accountability (YPA) is one of several approaches to youth participation. It has a strong focus on the accountability of workers and agencies to young people; therefore, it is ...directly concerned with issues of power, relationships and agendas. This paper is the second in a three-paper series examining critical issues and the implications of YPA work. The first paper discussed relationships and power (YSA, v. 21 n. 1, 2002). This paper outlines benefits and dilemmas participants may experience and includes examples from existing projects. Negotiating benefits and dilemmas is both a challenge and requirement of youth partnership accountability.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Social change is challenging to achieve in community and youth sector contexts and may be supported or obstructed by agendas, agency and discourse, among other things. As a specific form of youth ...participation, youth partnership accountability (YPA) has a primary focus on the accountability of workers and agencies to young people through proactively addressing agendas, young people's agency and discourse. The main discourse(s) present within community and youth sector activities, that is, ways of talking and determining meanings, may enable or prevent social change that is liberating and respectful of young people and their agency.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
U radu se problematizira status tetovaža napravljenih u Jugoslavenskoj narodnoj armiji (JNA) nakon političke tranzicije. Osim što svoje nositelje ove tetovaže mogu upućivati na najrazličitije ...događaje iz prošlosti, različite intervjuima prikupljene naracije o životu u JNA upućuju na postojanje donekle suprotstavljenih pojedinačnih tumačenja osobnih povijesti, koja mogu ali i ne moraju sadržavati elemente nostalgije. Osim ovoga, činjenica da postoji određena zajednica pamćenja predstavljena u obliku internetskog Foruma bivših pripadnika JNA čijim je članovima iskustvo vojske jedna od identificirajućih životnih epizoda potvrđuje da ove tetovaže i danas imaju kolektivnu dimenziju, budući da ih ova zajednica prepoznaje kao dio svoje kolektivne prošlosti. Na temelju ovoga tetovaže iz JNA moguće je protumačiti kao svojevrsne figure sjećanja, pošto odgovaraju svim trima kriterijima koje autor ove sintagme, Jan Assman, navodi, a to su: vezanost za prostor i vrijeme; vezanost za zajednicu; mogućnost rekonstrukcije.
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