This article aims to explore the extent and nature of Australian young people’s pornography exposure and access.
Cross-sectional online survey of 1,985 young Australians aged 15–20 years, nationally ...representative of a range of demographics.
Exposure to pornography was reported by 86% of male and 69% of female participants. Most exposure occurred when participants were alone and at home, regardless of gender. Young men were more likely than young women to seek pornography out and to view it frequently, with over half (54%) of male participants reporting weekly use compared with 14% of female participants. On average, boys and young men saw pornography 3.2 years before their first partnered sexual experience, and girls and young women saw it 2.0 years before theirs.
It is common for young people to see pornography years before their first partnered sexual experience.
Unintentional and deliberate exposure to pornography is common and frequent among young people. Public health strategies among young people are necessary to address the potential harms associated with pornography use, including gender-based violence and risky sexual practices.
•This co-produced study explores how young people experience and conceptualise ‘feeling (mis)understood’ by adults.•Feeling understood by adults has a positive impact on young people’s mental health ...and help-seeking.•When young people feel misunderstood by health and social care professionals, it can negatively impact help-seeking.•Health and social care professionals should help young people to feel understood in to support engagement.
The subjective and emotional experience of feeling (mis)understood by another person is distinct from being literally (mis)understood. While there is literature exploring young people’s experiences of feeling (mis)understood in therapeutic or clinical settings by adults and the impacts thereof, there is limited exploration of young people’s conceptualisations and perspectives of feeling (mis)understood within a range of young person-supporting adult relationships. This paper reports on the first stage of a project that was co-designed and co-produced by young people, exploring how young people experience and conceptualise ‘feeling (mis)understood’ in the context of receiving support from adults in their lives. This initial stage of the project captures young people’s views on what feeling (mis)understood feels like, its impact on their mental health, and how adults can help young people to feel understood. Conceptualisation, design, fieldwork, analysis and writing were all co-produced with peer-researchers. Data for this project was generated through four workshops each held in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. A total of 26 participants aged between 16 and 24 years of age took part in these workshops, and each workshop was facilitated by two peer-researchers and a member of university staff. Data was analysed through collaborative thematic analysis. The study found that feeling understood by supporting adults has a very positive impact on young people’s wellbeing, mental health and help-seeking behaviour. Feeling misunderstood was found to have the converse effect, and in addition was found to make young people less likely to seek further support. Young people also identified a number of key actions adults can take to help the young people they support feel better understood. The findings of this research suggest that practitioners in the health and social care sector working with young people should consider the ways in which they can help young people feel better understood.
Preventive approaches have latterly gained traction for improving mental health in young people. In this paper, we first appraise the conceptual foundations of preventive psychiatry, encompassing the ...public health, Gordon's, US Institute of Medicine, World Health Organization, and good mental health frameworks, and neurodevelopmentally‐sensitive clinical staging models. We then review the evidence supporting primary prevention of psychotic, bipolar and common mental disorders and promotion of good mental health as potential transformative strategies to reduce the incidence of these disorders in young people. Within indicated approaches, the clinical high‐risk for psychosis paradigm has received the most empirical validation, while clinical high‐risk states for bipolar and common mental disorders are increasingly becoming a focus of attention. Selective approaches have mostly targeted familial vulnerability and non‐genetic risk exposures. Selective screening and psychological/psychoeducational interventions in vulnerable subgroups may improve anxiety/depressive symptoms, but their efficacy in reducing the incidence of psychotic/bipolar/common mental disorders is unproven. Selective physical exercise may reduce the incidence of anxiety disorders. Universal psychological/psychoeducational interventions may improve anxiety symptoms but not prevent depressive/anxiety disorders, while universal physical exercise may reduce the incidence of anxiety disorders. Universal public health approaches targeting school climate or social determinants (demographic, economic, neighbourhood, environmental, social/cultural) of mental disorders hold the greatest potential for reducing the risk profile of the population as a whole. The approach to promotion of good mental health is currently fragmented. We leverage the knowledge gained from the review to develop a blueprint for future research and practice of preventive psychiatry in young people: integrating universal and targeted frameworks; advancing multivariable, transdiagnostic, multi‐endpoint epidemiological knowledge; synergically preventing common and infrequent mental disorders; preventing physical and mental health burden together; implementing stratified/personalized prognosis; establishing evidence‐based preventive interventions; developing an ethical framework, improving prevention through education/training; consolidating the cost‐effectiveness of preventive psychiatry; and decreasing inequalities. These goals can only be achieved through an urgent individual, societal, and global level response, which promotes a vigorous collaboration across scientific, health care, societal and governmental sectors for implementing preventive psychiatry, as much is at stake for young people with or at risk for emerging mental disorders.
Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
Angewandte Chemie (International ed.),
February 6, 2017, 2017-02-06, 20170206, Letnik:
56, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
“Chemistry is fun because the sky is the limit (as long as the funding lasts). Young people should study chemistry because there is no life possible without it, but there is a better life possible ...because of it ...” This and more about Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt can be found on page 1700.
Many health, education, and voluntary groups provide services for children and their families, but this care tends not to be integrated. In a deprived borough of London, we aimed to test whether ...providing short training and networking sessions would improve knowledge and referrals between services supporting children.
This uncontrolled longitudinal study was completed as a service evaluation. Three sets of workshops were offered in each of four geographical localities from December, 2016, to February, 2017. Relevant local organisations were invited to send attendees to all sessions. The sessions involved case discussions, team-working exercises, and presentations from teams such as local health visitors and child and adolescent mental health services. Mixed methods were used to assess impacts including preworkshop and postworkshop surveys with a Likert scale for statements such as “I know a lot about local health services”. These covered knowledge of health, education, social care, and voluntary sectors; confidence in navigating local services; and communication between different services. Analysis of quantitative data used unpaired t tests since questionnaires were anonymised. Other methods included structured telephone interviews and a 1 month follow-up survey.
There were 302 attendances from 202 unique individuals. Attendees came from 22 local services from the health (n=99), education (145), social care (39), and voluntary (19) sectors. The preworkshop and postworkshop surveys (completed across 254 84% and 220 73% of attendances, respectively) demonstrated significant increases in self-assessed knowledge of health, education, social care, and voluntary services, and of confidence in intersector working (all p<0·0001). However, self-assessed knowledge and confidence had decreased by 1 month follow-up (completed by n=65). Respondents to the follow-up survey who attended all workshops (n=24) had higher scores than those who did not, regarding knowledge of voluntary services (p=0·049) and recent collaboration (p=0·014). Telephone interviewees (n=30) suggested that networking was helpful.
We found that participants had transient increases in self-assessed knowledge and confidence in intersector working. The findings imply that professionals may find such integrated schemes useful, but further development is required to embed knowledge and connections long term. Further research should assess the impact of such schemes on patients or clients.
This study was funded by Newham Together, the Newham Community Education Provider Network, hosted by NHS Newham Clinical Commissioning Group. LM is funded by a National Institute for Health Research doctoral research fellowship (DRF-2014-07-005).
"My favorite drink is a mojito. Young people should study chemistry because rocket science is overrated ..." This and more about AndreiK. Yudin can be found on page 852.
A large body of research has emerged over the last decade examining empirical models of general and specific psychopathology, which take into account comorbidity among psychiatric disorders and ...enable investigation of risk and protective factors that are common across disorders. This systematic review presents findings from studies of empirical models of psychopathology and transdiagnostic risk and protective factors for psychopathology among young people (10–24 years). PsycInfo, Medline and EMBASE were searched from inception to November 2020, and 41 studies were identified that examined at least one risk or protective factor in relation to broad, empirically derived, psychopathology outcomes. Results revealed several biological (executive functioning deficits, earlier pubertal timing, genetic risk for ADHD and schizophrenia, reduced gray matter volume), socio-environmental (stressful life events, maternal depression) and psychological (low effortful control, high neuroticism, negative affectivity) transdiagnostic risk factors for broad psychopathology outcomes, including general psychopathology, internalising and externalising. Methodological complexities are discussed and recommendations for future studies of empirical models of psychopathology are presented. These results contribute to a growing body of support for transdiagnostic approaches to prevention and intervention for psychiatric disorders and highlight several promising avenues for future research.
•First systematic review of empirical models of psychopathology and risk and protective factors.•Biological: executive functioning deficits, earlier pubertal timing, genetic risk, gray matter volume.•Socio-environmental: stressful life events, maternal depression.•Psychological: Low effortful control, high neuroticism/negative affectivity.•More multidisciplinary, longitudinal, causally driven research needed.
PDF
