A historical look at how activists influenced the adoption of more positive, inclusive, and sociopolitical views of disability.Disability activism has fundamentally changed American society for the ...better—and along with it, the views and practices of many clinical professionals. After 1945, disability self-advocates and family advocates pushed for the inclusion of more positive, inclusive, and sociopolitical perspectives on disability in clinical research, training, and practice. In Disability Dialogues, Andrew J. Hogan highlights the contributions of disabled people—along with their family members and other allies—in changing clinical understandings and approaches to disability.Hogan examines the evolving medical, social, and political engagement of three postwar professions—clinical psychology, pediatrics, and genetic counseling—with disability and disability-related advocacy. Professionals in these fields historically resisted adopting a more inclusive and accepting perspective on people with disabilities primarily due to concerns about professional role, identity, and prestige. In response to the work of disability activists, however, these attitudes gradually began to change. Disability Dialogues provides an important contribution to historical, sociological, and bioethical accounts of disability and clinical professionalization. Moving beyond advocacy alone, Hogan makes the case for why present-day clinical professional fields need to better recruit and support disabled practitioners. Disabled clinicians are uniquely positioned to combine biomedical expertise with their lived experiences of disability and encourage greater tolerance for disabilities among their colleagues, students, and institutions.
The discovery of radium by Marie and Pierre Curie in 1898
eventually led to a craze for radium products in the 1920s until
their widespread use proved lethal for consumers, patients, and
medical ...practitioners alike. Radium infiltrated American culture,
Maria Rentetzi reveals, not only because of its potential to treat
cancer but because it was transformed from a scientific object into
a familiar, desirable commodity. She explores how Standard Chemical
Company in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania-the first successful commercial
producer of radium in the United States-aggressively promoted the
benefits of radium therapy and its curative properties as part of a
lucrative business strategy. Over-the-counter products, from
fertilizers to paints and cosmetics to tonics and suppositories,
inspired the same level of trust in consumers as a revolutionary
pharmaceutical. The radium industry in the United States marketed
commodities like Liquid Sunshine and Elixir of Youth at a time when
using this new chemical element in the laboratory, in the hospital,
in private clinics, and in commercial settings remained largely
free of regulation. Rentetzi shows us how marketing campaigns
targeted individually to men and women affected not only how they
consumed these products of science but also how that science was
understood and how it contributed to the formation of ideas about
gender. Seduced by Radium ultimately reveals how
innovative advertising techniques and seductive, state-of-the-art
packaging made radium a routine part of American life, shaping
scientific knowledge about it and the identities of those who
consumed it.
The Picky Eagle explains why the United States stopped annexing territory by focusing on annexation's domestic consequences, both political and normative. It describes how the U.S. rejection of ...further annexations, despite its rising power, set the stage for twentieth-century efforts to outlaw conquest. In contrast to conventional accounts of a nineteenth-century shift from territorial expansion to commercial expansion, Richard W. Maass argues that U.S. ambitions were selective from the start. By presenting twenty-three case studies, Maass examines the decision-making of U.S. leaders facing opportunities to pursue annexation between 1775 and 1898. U.S. presidents, secretaries, and congressmen consistently worried about how absorbing new territories would affect their domestic political influence and their goals for their country.These leaders were particularly sensitive to annexation's domestic costs where xenophobia interacted with their commitment to democracy: rather than grant political representation to a large alien population or subject it to a long-term imperial regime, they regularly avoided both of these perceived bad options by rejecting annexation. As a result, U.S. leaders often declined even profitable opportunities for territorial expansion, and they renounced the practice entirely once no desirable targets remained. In addition to offering an updated history of the foundations of U.S. territorial expansion, The Picky Eagle adds important nuance to previous theories of great-power expansion, with implications for our understanding of U.S. foreign policy and international relations.
Larry Hogan is one of the most popular political figures in the United States today. The two-term Republican governor of Maryland first won his seat after upsetting a favorite of the Democratic ...political establishment, and then overcame the Trump-driven wave in the heartland of the #resistance to win a second term in 2018. 'Blue-State Republican' is the remarkable story of how his carefully messaged, pragmatic approach to governance helped build a coalition of moderate and conservative Democrats, independents, women, college-educated and Black voters and maintained his GOP base during a time of polarization and negative partisanship. Mileah Kromer takes readers inside Maryland politics to illustrate how Hogan won where Republicans lose and consider whether the un-Trump Republican offers any lessons for how the GOP can win the centre-right voters who make up a majority of the country.
Presents a unique view of social problems and conflicts
over urban space from the cab of an
ambulance. While we imagine ambulances as a site for
critical care, the reality is far more complicated. ...Social
problems, like homelessness, substance abuse, and the health
consequences of poverty, are encountered every day by Emergency
Medical Services (EMS) workers. Written from the lens of a
sociologist who speaks with the fluency of a former Emergency
Medical Technician (EMT), Medicine at the Margins delves
deeply into the world of EMTs and paramedics in American cities, an
understudied element of our health care system. Like the public
hospital, the EMS system is a key but misunderstood part of our
system of last resort. Medicine at the Margins presents a
unique prism through which urban social problems, the health care
system, and the struggling social safety net refract and intersect
in largely unseen ways. Author Christopher Prener examines the
forms of marginality that capture the reality of urban EMS work and
showcases the unique view EMS providers have of American urban
life. The rise of neighborhood stigma and the consequences it holds
for patients who are assumed by providers to be malingering is
critical for understanding not just the phenomenon of non- or
sub-acute patient calls but also why they matter for all patients.
This sense of marginality is a defining feature of the experience
of EMS work and is a statement about the patient population whom
urban EMS providers care for daily. Prener argues that the
pre-hospital health care system needs to embrace its role in the
social safety net and how EMSs' future is in community practice of
paramedicine, a port of a broader mandate of pre-hospital health
care. By leaning into this work, EMS providers are uniquely
positioned to deliver on the promise of community medicine. At a
time when we are considering how to rely less on policing, the EMS
system is already tasked with treating many of the social problems
we think would benefit from less involvement with law involvement.
Medicine at the Margins underscores why the EMS system is
so necessary and the ways in which it can be expanded.
The frequency and intensity of natural disasters-such as wildfires, hurricanes, floods, and storms-is on the rise, threatening our way of life and our livelihoods. Managing this growing risk will be ...central to economic and social progress in the coming decades. Insurance, an often confusing and unpopular tool, will be critical to successfully emerging from the effects of these crises. Its traditional role is to protect us from unforeseen and unanticipated risk, but as currently structured, insurance cannot adequately respond to these types of threats. How can we improve insurance to provide consistent and sufficient help following all disasters? How do we use insurance not just to help us recover, but also to help us prevent disasters in the first place? And how can insurance help us achieve broader social and environmental goals?Understanding Disaster Insurance provides an accessible introduction to the complexities-and exciting possibilities-of risk transfer markets in the U.S. and around the world. Carolyn Kousky, a leading researcher on disaster risk and insurance, explains how traditional insurance markets came to be structured and why they fall short in meeting the needs of a world coping with climate change. She then offers realistic, yet hopeful, examples of new approaches. With examples ranging from individual entrepreneurs to multi-country collaborations, she shows how innovative thinking and creative applications of insurance-based mechanisms can improve recovery outcomes for people and their communities. She also explores the role of insurance in supporting policy goals beyond disaster recovery, such as nature-positive approaches for larger environmental impact. The book holds up the possibility that new risk transfer markets, brought to scale, could help create more equitable and sustainable economies. Insurance and risk transfer markets can be a powerful tool for adapting to climate change, yet they are frequently misunderstood. Many find insurance confusing or even problematic and ineffective. Understanding Disaster Insurance is a useful guidebook for policymakers, innovators, students, and other decision makers working to secure a resilient future-and anyone affected by wind, fire, rain, or flood.
One of the most remarkable education leaders of the late nineteenth century and the creator of the modern American research university finally gets his due.Daniel Coit Gilman, a Yale-trained ...geographer who first worked as librarian at his alma mater, led a truly remarkable life. He was selected as the third president of the University of California; was elected as the first president of Johns Hopkins University, where he served for twenty-five years; served as one of the original founders of the Association of American Universities; and—at an age when most retired—was hand-picked by Andrew Carnegie to head up his eponymous institution in Washington, DC.In Daniel Coit Gilman and the Birth of the American Research University, Michael T. Benson argues that Gilman's enduring legacy will always be as the father of the modern research university—a uniquely American invention that remains the envy of the entire world. In the past half-century, nothing has been written about Gilman that takes into account his detailed journals, reviews his prodigious correspondence, or considers his broad external board service. This book fills an enormous void in the history of the birth of the new American system of higher education, especially as it relates to graduate education. The late 1800s, Benson points out, is one of the most pivotal periods in the development of the American university model; this book reveals that there is no more important figure in shaping that model than Daniel Coit Gilman.Benson focuses on Gilman's time deliberating on, discussing, developing, refining, and eventually implementing the plan that brought the modern research university to life in 1876. He also explains how many university elements that we take for granted—the graduate fellowships, the emphasis on primary investigations and discovery, the funding of the best laboratory and research spaces, the scholarly journals, the university presses, the sprawling health sciences complexes with teaching hospitals—were put in place by Gilman at Johns Hopkins University. Ultimately, the book shows, Gilman and his colleagues forced all institutions to reexamine their own model and to make the requisite changes to adapt, survive, thrive, compete, and contribute.
An odyssey from pre-Civil War Charleston to post-World
War II Minneapolis through Jewish immigrants' eyes
The histories of US immigrants do not always begin and end in
Ellis Island and northeastern ...cities. Many arrived earlier and some
migrated south and west, fanning out into their vast new country.
They sought a renewed life, fresh prospects, and a safe harbor,
despite a nation that was not always welcoming and not always
tolerant. How to Become an American begins with a widow's
abandoned diary-and from there author Daniel Wolff examines the
sweeping history of immigration into the United States through the
experiences of one unnamed, seemingly unremarkable Jewish family,
and, in the process, makes their lives remarkable. It is a deeply
human odyssey that journeys from pre-Civil War Charleston, South
Carolina, to post-World War II Minneapolis, Minnesota. In some
ways, the family's journey parallels that of the nation, as it
struggled to define itself through the Industrial Age. A persistent
strain of loneliness permeates this story, and Wolff holds up this
theme for contemplation. In a country that prides itself on being
"a nation of immigrants," where "all men are created equal," why do
we end up feeling alone in the land we love?
The loyalty investigations triggered by the Red Scare of the 1940s and 1950s marginalized many talented women and men who had entered government service during the Great Depression seeking to promote ...social democracy as a means to economic reform. Their influence over New Deal policymaking and their alliances with progressive labor and consumer movements elicited a powerful reaction from conservatives, who accused them of being subversives. Landon Storrs draws on newly declassified records of the federal employee loyalty program--created in response to fears that Communists were infiltrating the U.S. government--to reveal how disloyalty charges were used to silence these New Dealers and discredit their policies.
Because loyalty investigators rarely distinguished between Communists and other leftists, many noncommunist leftists were forced to leave government or deny their political views. Storrs finds that loyalty defendants were more numerous at higher ranks of the civil service than previously thought, and that many were women, or men with accomplished leftist wives. Uncovering a forceful left-feminist presence in the New Deal, she shows how opponents on the Right exploited popular hostility to powerful women and their "effeminate" spouses. The loyalty program not only destroyed many promising careers, it prohibited discussion of social democratic policy ideas in government circles, narrowing the scope of political discourse to this day.
Through a gripping narrative based on remarkable new sources, Storrs demonstrates how the Second Red Scare undermined the reform potential of the New Deal and crippled the American welfare state.
Against long odds, the Anishinaabeg resisted removal, retaining
thousands of acres of their homeland in what is now Michigan,
Wisconsin, and Minnesota. Their success rested partly on their
roles as ...sellers of natural resources and buyers of trade goods,
which made them key players in the political economy of plunder
that drove white settlement and U.S. development in the Old
Northwest. But, as Michael Witgen demonstrates, the credit for
Native persistence rested with the Anishinaabeg themselves.
Outnumbering white settlers well into the nineteenth century, they
leveraged their political savvy to advance a dual citizenship that
enabled mixed-race tribal members to lay claim to a place in U.S.
civil society. Telling the stories of mixed-race traders and
missionaries, tribal leaders and territorial governors, Witgen
challenges our assumptions about the inevitability of U.S.
expansion. Deeply researched and passionately written, Seeing
Red will command attention from readers who are invested in
the enduring issues of equality, equity, and national belonging at
its core.
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