Power factor on the supply side at point of common connection (PCC) can be improved through reactive power compensation using a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). This approach is becoming ...increasingly popular in power system applications. In this paper, a small signal model of the STATCOM is practically implemented for maintaining unity power factor on the grid side in presence of inductive loads using a 10 kVA laboratory prototype. The designed controller is first simulated and then experimentally validated on the above laboratory prototype. Excellent agreement between the simulated and experimental results demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy and highlights the accuracy of the experiments.
In this paper, a state transition sampling technique has been developed for evaluating reliability indices accounting random down time omission at load points for distribution system. Reliability ...indices, i.e. mean up time, mean down time and average interruption duration hours per year have been obtained accounting random down time omission. The algorithm has been implemented on sample radial and meshed distribution system.
In demonstrating how women's activism is evolving with and shaping democratization across the region, Democracy and the Rise of Women's Movements in Sub-Saharan Africa reveals how women's social ...movements are challenging the barriers created by colonization and dictatorships in Africa and beyond.
A dynamic programming algorithm is proposed and demonstrated on a test case to determine the optimum operating schedule of a barrage tidal power plant to maximize the energy generation over a tidal ...cycle. Since consecutive sets of high and low tides can be predicted accurately for any tidal power plant site, this algorithm can be used to calculate the annual energy generation for different technical configurations of the plant. Thus an optimal choice of a tidal power plant design can be made from amongst different design configurations yielding the least cost of energy generation. Since this algorithm determines the optimal time of operation of sluice gate opening and turbine gates opening to maximize energy generation over a tidal cycle, it can also be used to obtain the annual schedule of operation of a tidal power plant and the minute-to-minute energy generation, for dissemination amongst power distribution utilities.
New requirements regarding agriculture production together with the increased pressure on environmentally friendly practices leave almost no space for the routine agriculture production. Innovations ...that include environmental changes are therefore essential. Agricultural research faces various challenges associated with the quality and effectiveness of agriculture production and recently also with the environmental and sustainability issues. The paper provides a case study focused on the environmental and social evaluation of a biological asset that constitutes an agricultural innovation. This paper also shows a concrete example of how the social and environmental reporting can be constructed and implemented by providing an evaluation of a Bumblebee Nest. As a result, the total value consisting of the market, ecosystem and aesthetic value is provided. Although the market value comprises the largest proportion of the total value, it does not exceed 64%.
The electromagnetic levitation system (EMLS) is inherently unstable and strongly non-linear in nature. A linearized model has been developed for the proposed levitated system and different classical ...controllers have been designed for providing overall closed loop stability as well as satisfactory performance for such an unstable system. The main aim of this part of work is to compare with the different designed controllers for the proposed designed EMLS at different operating points and to suggest a suitable classical controller that will provide fast response without any overshoot and steady-state error which is generally required for such type of critical systems. Experimental comparison of different simulated controllers with the existing prototype has been highlighted.
Purpose
Confined disposal facilities (CDFs) are widely used for disposal of navigation dredged material, but many are running out of capacity. Removal of dredged material for beneficial use offers ...potential for sustainable operations, but requires characterization with a high degree of confidence. Few data are available to inform characterization efforts in these artificial depositional environments; thus, a CDF case study was used to demonstrate a structured approach to sampling and data analysis.
Materials and methods
Selected data analysis procedures were applied to data collected from a CDF, with the objective of illustrating the utility of these procedures in (1) maximizing information obtained from limited data and (2) assessing the adequacy of the data in terms of estimating parameters of interest. In this case, the data were used to estimate the abundance of the desired fraction (sand), the contaminant levels in the sand and residual fractions, and the uncertainty of the parameters measured. From the outcome of this analysis, a stepwise approach to CDF characterization and data analysis was developed.
Results and discussion
The available dataset proved sufficient to estimate the distribution of sand in the CDF, although estimate reliability was constrained by the small number of samples and the lack of samples along the western facility boundary. Soot, organic carbon, and oil and grease were statistically significant regressors for many contaminants of concern; however, data were too limited and variable to permit prediction of contaminant concentrations in unanalyzed samples on the basis of the sorptive phases. A contour surface of benzo(a)pyrene concentration was generated to illustrate the utility in identifying areas of the CDF that may be problematic with respect to meeting regulatory criteria or guidelines for beneficial use; such areas may require additional processing to remove more highly contaminated fractions.
Conclusions
Of the graphical data analysis techniques evaluated, the most useful were: the aerial site view showing sample locations and per cent sand; the ternary diagram comparing sample characteristics; the contour map and the sand isopach map, representing aerial variation of sand thickness; and the depiction of contaminant concentrations as a contour surface. The predictive capability of the data was limited, but may have been aided with the addition of density fractionation and a larger dataset.
This paper proposes an efficient assessment scheme for curriculum quality of higher education by using of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. The influencing factors of assessment quality are analyzed ...in terms of knowledge instruction, personnel cultivation and social service, and then a multi-parameter assessment index system for curriculum quality of higher education and its corresponding mathematical assessment model are established based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP). Meanwhile, the concrete assessment steps of curriculum quality are presented in detail. Additionally, to verify the rationality and feasibility of the proposed assessment method, the higher education course of Military History as the example would be studied.
Universities are social universes in their own right. They are the site of multiple, complex and diverse social relations, identities, communities, knowledges and practices. At the heart of this book ...are people enrolling at university for the first time and entering into the broad variety of social relations and contexts entailed in their ‘coming to know’ at, of and through university. By recasting ‘the transition to university’ as simultaneously and necessarily entailing a transition of university — indeed universities — and of their many and varied constitutive relations, structures and practices, the contributors to this book seek to reconceptualise the ‘first-year experience’ in terms of multiple and dynamic processes of dialogue and exchange amongst all participants. They interrogate taken-for-granted understandings of what ‘the university’ is, and consider what universities might yet become.
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