This study investigates the relationships among defense styles, academic procrastination, psychological well-being, and approaches to learning. The questionnaires Defense Style Questionnaire-88, ...Procrastination Assessment Scale Questionnaire, Flourishing Scale, and HowULearn are used to measure the aforementioned variables, respectively. Social science students (N = 628) take part in the study. A hierarchical cluster analysis is used for clustering students into homogeneous groups. Three groups of students are identified: “psychologically stable and adaptive” (n = 285), “immature and unstable at risk” (n = 134), and “defensively dissonant” (n = 209) students. A decision tree model is used with the grade point average (GPA) score as an outcome variable to further examine interactions between the three clusters and the years of study on GPA. “Psychologically stable and adaptive” students report the highest GPA. Our findings bridge mental health variables with learning shedding light on our understanding of the use of defense styles when it comes to learning.
A female advantage in school marks is a common finding in education research, and it extends to most course subjects (e.g., language, math, science), unlike what is found on achievement tests. ...However, questions remain concerning the quantification of these gender differences and the identification of relevant moderator variables. The present meta-analysis answered these questions by examining studies that included an evaluation of gender differences in teacher-assigned school marks in elementary, junior/middle, or high school or at the university level (both undergraduate and graduate). The final analysis was based on 502 effect sizes drawn from 369 samples. A multilevel approach to meta-analysis was used to handle the presence of nonindependent effect sizes in the overall sample. This method was complemented with an examination of results in separate subject matters with a mixed-effects meta-analytic model. A small but significant female advantage (mean d = 0.225, 95% CI 0.201, 0.249) was demonstrated for the overall sample of effect sizes. Noteworthy findings were that the female advantage was largest for language courses (mean d = 0.374, 95% CI 0.316, 0.432) and smallest for math courses (mean d = 0.069, 95% CI 0.014, 0.124). Source of marks, nationality, racial composition of samples, and gender composition of samples were significant moderators of effect sizes. Finally, results showed that the magnitude of the female advantage was not affected by year of publication, thereby contradicting claims of a recent "boy crisis" in school achievement. The present meta-analysis demonstrated the presence of a stable female advantage in school marks while also identifying critical moderators. Implications for future educational and psychological research are discussed.
Abstract
Introduction
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is defined as an increased tendency to fall asleep in a setting where an individual would be expected to stay awake and alert. Previous ...studies have found that EDS is associated with poor academic performance but fell short of examining the associations between EDS and achievement in specific academic subjects. Academic performance in mathematics is the most prominent predictor of later success. Findings from studies examining the associations of academic achievement in math and EDS have been inconsistent as some studies have found results indicating the EDS negatively impacts math while others found no such relationship. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between EDS and performance in mathematics in high school students. It was hypothesized that higher level of reported EDS would be associated with lower grades in mathematics.
Methods
116 typically developing adolescents (38 male) between 12–17 years of age (M=13.87, SD=1.38) participated. EDS was measured by the Sleep Disorder Inventory for Students (SDIS); Academic achievement in mathematics was measured by child’s report cards; Sleep was assessed for seven nights using actigraphy and sleep logs.
Results
A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations between parent-reported EDS (independent variable) and their child’s academic achievement in mathematics (dependent variable) while controlling for sleep variables (bedtime, waketime, and duration) and sex. Higher levels of EDS was negatively associated with lower grades in mathematics F(5,109)= 3.60, p<.01; β= -0.21, p= 0.03.
Conclusion
EDS was significantly associated with report card grades in mathematics in typically developing adolescents. Given the cross-sectional design of the study, it can not identify what led to EDS in this sample of typically developing adolescents. We propose that future studies examine potential causes for adolescents’ EDS, including factors that could impair sleep quality (e.g., undiagnosed sleep disorders) or restrict sleep duration (e.g., life-style choices such as the use of electronic devices at night). This is important as it could help to identify targets for intervention aiming at decreasing EDS and ultimately improving academic performance in mathematics.
Support (if any):
Different education sectors are playing active role in the development of students like performance, self-esteem, and confidence. To fulfill the study purpose, the researcher used 2 scales (Rosen ...Berg self-esteem and Dr. John confidence level scale) and collected the data from the students of both of the specified educational settings. The students of universities of the district Faisalabad were the study population, and students of 3 selective universities were the sample of the study. After data collection, the researcher applied one-way ANOVA to check the impact of all variables on students’ academic achievement. The study results showed no significant impact of both types of education on students’ academic achievement but it has a significant impact on their confidence level and the self-esteem. At the end of the paper, it was recommended that teachers need to focus on student confidence level and self-esteem to build their good personalities leading to the higher academic achievements.
There are many promising psychological interventions on the horizon, but there is no clear methodology for preparing them to be scaled up. Drawing on design thinking, the present research formalizes ...a methodology for redesigning and tailoring initial interventions. We test the methodology using the case of fixed versus growth mindsets during the transition to high school. Qualitative inquiry and rapid, iterative, randomized "A/B" experiments were conducted with ∼3,000 participants to inform intervention revisions for this population. Next, 2 experimental evaluations showed that the revised growth mindset intervention was an improvement over previous versions in terms of short-term proxy outcomes (Study 1, N = 7,501), and it improved 9th grade core-course GPA and reduced D/F GPAs for lower achieving students when delivered via the Internet under routine conditions with ∼95% of students at 10 schools (Study 2, N = 3,676). Although the intervention could still be improved even further, the current research provides a model for how to improve and scale interventions that begin to address pressing educational problems. It also provides insight into how to teach a growth mindset more effectively.
In today's data-centric world, knowledge and skills in business analytics (BA) have become critical for business professionals to the extent that Foundation BA courses are increasingly being ...recognised globally as the core component of business programs. However, these courses are characterised by large cohorts of students from diverse backgrounds where deep engagement among students is hard to achieve. This article presents the design and implementation of Threaded Case Studies premised on the Community of Inquiry model to deepen engagement in a Foundation BA course with large and diverse cohorts of students enrolled in online and hybrid modes. The cases were developed with a focus on the social presence, cognitive presence, and teaching presence. The quantitative and qualitative data indicated that the Threaded Case Study approach not only increased learners' pass rate and overall satisfaction with the course, but also increased enthusiasm for the course and optimised their learning by engaging them in authentic case studies while minimising intrinsic cognitive loads. In short, there was a substantial and measurable improvement in student performance, student retention, and student satisfaction. Teaching suggestions are provided for practitioners who intend to maximise learner engagement in similar contexts.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
CEKLJ, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The authors investigated students' profiles regarding autonomous, controlled, and amotivated regulation and tested whether profile groups differed on some academic adjustment outcomes. Studies 1 and ...2 performed on high school students revealed 3 profiles: (a) students with high levels of both controlled motivation and amotivation but low levels of autonomous motivation, (b) students with high levels of both controlled and autonomous motivation but low levels of amotivation, and (c) students with moderate levels of both autonomous and controlled motivations but low levels of amotivation. These first 2 studies revealed that students in the high autonomous/high controlled group reported the highest degree of academic adjustment. Study 3 performed on college students revealed 3 profiles: (a) students with high levels of autonomous motivations but low levels of both controlled motivation and amotivation, (b) students with high levels of both autonomous and controlled motivation but low levels of amotivation, and (c) students with low to moderate levels of the various motivational components. Study 3 indicated that students in the autonomous group were more persistent than students in the other groups. Results are discussed in light of self-determination theory (
E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan, 1985
).
Applying a person-centered approach, the primary aim of this study was to examine what profiles of schoolwork engagement and burnout (i.e., exhaustion, cynicism, inadequacy) can be identified in high ...school (N = 979) and among the same participants in young adulthood (ages ranging from 17 to 25). We also examined gender differences, group differences in academic and socioemotional functioning and long-term educational outcomes, and temporal stability in the group memberships. Latent profile analysis identified 4 groups of students in high school. Both engaged (44%) and engaged-exhausted (28%) students were engaged and doing well in school, although engaged-exhausted students were more stressed and preoccupied with possible failures. Cynical (14%) and burned-out (14%) students were less engaged, valued school less, and had lower academic achievement. Cynical students, however, were less stressed, exhausted, and depressed than burned-out students. Six years later, engaged students were more likely than predicted by chance to attend university. In young adulthood, 4 similar groups were identified. Configural frequency analysis indicated that it was typical for engaged students to stay in the engaged group and for engaged-exhausted students to move into a more disengaged group. The results on broadband stability from adolescence to young adulthood showed that 60% of the youth manifested stable engaged and 7% stable disengaged patterns, whereas 16% displayed emergent engagement and 17% emergent disengagement patterns. Overall, the findings demonstrate that adolescence is not a uniform time for either school engagement and well-being or disengagement and distress.
Las pruebas TIMSS son un instrumento que se aplica a nivel internacional con el fin de medir las tendencias en los logros de Matemáticas y Ciencias en los grados cuarto de primaria y octavo de ...bachillerato. Dado el diseño de estas pruebas, es posible obtener resultados trazables y comparables, que permiten a gobiernos de distintas naciones generar, mantener o eliminar políticas públicas con el objetivo de mejorar su sistema educativo. Naturalmente, estas pruebas han adquirido gran relevancia a nivel mundial. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo académico es proponer un estimador utilizando Estimación en Áreas Pequeñas que permita mejorar la calidad de las estimaciones que se obtienen actualmente con el diseño de muestreo empleado en TIMSS 2015. Adicional a lo anterior, esta metodología permite estimar el resultado que hubiese obtenido un país que no presentó esta prueba en el año 2015, pero que cuenta con información auxiliar relacionada con el logro académico. Para la construcción del estimador del logro académico, se utiliza el modelo de Fay-Herriot y para ello se utilizarán variables auxiliares como información demográfica, socioeconómica y puntajes obtenidos en aplicaciones anteriores de la prueba. Finalmente se mostrará con este trabajo que la utilización de la Estimación en Áreas Pequeñas, en pruebas internacionales, mejora en gran parte la eficiencia de los resultados obtenidos y, por ende, permite una mejor toma de decisiones en política educativa.
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