A new series of mono azo dyes (D1-D4) was synthesized by coupling 8-anilino naphthalene-1-sulphonic acid (1) with different aromatic amines (2a-d) and applied on wool fabric. The color fastness ...properties of the dyed material were also studied. Spectroscopic techniques including 1H NMR, MALDI, FT-IR and UV–Visible were employed for structural characterization. The thermal gravimeteric analysis of the synthesized dyes was also carried out to determine their thermal stability. The effect of solvent and pH on colors and absorption maxima (λmax)of the synthesized dyes was examined. UV–Visible spectra of the dyes in different solvents as well as in acidic and basic alcoholic solutions revealed that these dyes exist as a mixture of two tautomers in protic solvents and acid solution.
Absorption spectra of dye D1 in different solvents. Display omitted
•Synthesis and structural characterization of four new acid azo dyes.•Study of solvatochromic behavior of these dyes in various solvents.•Ammonium-azonium tautomerism was observed.•Application of the synthesized dyes on wool and study of their various fastness properties.
Dyeing cotton fabrics with anionic dyes produces high effluent loads and requires a considerable amount of water and energy due to the electrostatic repulsion with cellulose. Therefore, several ...approaches have been researched to increase the efficacy of cotton dyeing. One is the cationization, which adds cationic sites to the cellulose. Another is the treatment of the cotton surface with plasma. In this paper, the combination of both techniques was investigated. Two commercially available cationic agents were used: 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) and polybis(2-chloroethyl) ether-alt-1,3-bis3-(dimethylamino)propylurea quaternized, a novel cationic agent also known as Polyquaternium-2 (P42). The plasma treatment was performed using a dielectric barrier discharge atmospheric plasma facility, helium was used as seed gas and 1.5% of oxygen was injected. The cationization and plasma treatment were performed on greige cotton fabric, an innovative and sustainable approach that eliminates conventional scouring and bleaching processes. The cationic and plasma treated samples were dyed using Reactive Red 195 and Acid Blue 260 dyes. The effect of the treatments was evaluated by different characterization techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The plasma treatment slightly increased the light fastness for some samples, but the cationization tends to prevail over the plasma treatment. The best results were attributed to the samples pretreated by CHPTAC, which presented the highest K/S and lowest unlevelness for samples dyed with reactive and acid dyes. CHPTAC is the most common cationic agent for textiles, but its industrial use is limited due to safety criticisms. The combination between plasma and P42 resulted in the same color strength as the conventional reactive dyeing. Therefore, this approach offers a safer alternative to the conventional cationization process.
Graphic abstract
Bio-based polyurethane is synthesized from biodegradable polycaprolactone, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol. The bio-based polyurethane is blended with branched polyethyleneimine by ...a solution casting method and further treated with glutaraldehyde. From nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, leaching tests and contact angle measurements, it was found that a semi-interpenetrating polymer network structure is induced by the glutaraldehyde treatment of the bio-based polyurethane/branched polyethyleneimine blend film, which resulting from the crosslinking of branched polyethyleneimine by imine bonds formed from the amine-aldehyde reaction between branched polyethyleneimine and glutaraldehyde. In addition, the glass transition temperature, Young’s modulus and the shape retention results show that the mechanical strength of bio-based polyurethane, which is weakened by the plasticizing effect of branched polyethyleneimine, is restored by the formation of the semi-interpenetrating network structure. We found that the bio-based polyurethane/branched polyethyleneimine with a semi-interpenetrating network shows a much higher affinity for Acid Red 4 than bio-based polyurethane, and the wet fastness of dye is significantly improved by the formation of the semi-interpenetrating network.
In this paper, the effects of low temperature plasma (LTP) treatments on the dyeing properties of the wool fibres were studied. The wool fibres were treated with oxygen plasma and three types of dyes ...commonly used for wool dyeing, namely: (i) acid dye, (ii) chrome dye and (iii) reactive dye, were used in the dyeing process. For acid dyeing, the dyeing rate of the LTP‐treated wool fibre was greatly increased, but the final dyeing exhaustion equilibrium did not show any significant change. For the chrome dyeing, the dyeing rate of the LTP‐treated wool fibre was also increased, but the final dyeing exhaustion equilibrium was only increased to a small extent. In addition, the rate of afterchroming process was similar to the chrome dyeing process. For the reactive dyeing, the dyeing rate of the LTP‐treated wool fibre was greatly increased, and the final dyeing exhaustion equilibrium was also increased significantly. With such results, one could conclude that the LTP treatments improve the dyeing behaviour of wool fibres in different dyeing systems.
SEM picture of an untreated wool fibre.
In this paper, the effects of low temperature plasma (LTP) treatments on the dyeing properties of the wool fibres were studied. The wool fibres were treated with oxygen plasma and three types of dyes ...commonly used for wool dyeing, namely: (i) acid dye, (ii) chrome dye and (iii) reactive dye, were used in the dyeing process. For acid dyeing, the dyeing rate of the LTP-treated wool fibre was greatly increased, but the final dyeing exhaustion equilibrium did not show any significant change. For the chrome dyeing, the dyeing rate of the LTP-treated wool fibre was also increased, but the final dyeing exhaustion equilibrium was only increased to a small extent. In addition, the rate of afterchroming process was similar to the chrome dyeing process. For the reactive dyeing, the dyeing rate of the LTP-treated wool fibre was greatly increased, and the final dyeing exhaustion equilibrium was also increased significantly. With such results, one could conclude that the LTP treatments improve the dyeing behaviour of wool fibres in different dyeing systems.
In this paper, the effects of low temperature plasma (LTP) treatment on the dyeing properties of the wool fiber were studied. The wool fibers were treated with oxygen plasma and three types of dye ...that commonly used for wool dyeing, namely: (i) acid dye, (ii) chrome dye and (iii) reactive dye, were used in the dyeing process. For acid dyeing, the dyeing rate of the LTP-treated wool fiber was greatly increased but the final dyeing exhaustion equilibrium did not show any significant change. For chrome dyeing, the dyeing rate of the LTP-treated wool fiber was also increased but the final dyeing exhaustion equilibrium was only increased to a small extent. In addition, the rate of afterchroming process was similar to the chrome dyeing process. For the reactive dyeing, the dyeing rate of the LTP-treated wool fiber was greatly increased and also the final dyeing exhaustion equilibrium was increased significantly. As a result, it could conclude that the LTP treatment could improve the dyeing behavior of wool fiber in different dyeing systems.
In this paper, the effects of low temperature plasma (LTP) treatment on the dyeing properties of the wool fiber were studied. The wool fibers were treated with oxygen plasma and three types of dye ...that commonly used for wool dyeing, namely: (i) acid dye, (ii) chrome dye and (iii) reactive dye, were used in the dyeing process. For acid dyeing, the dyeing rate of the LTP-treated wool fiber was greatly increased but the final dyeing exhaustion equilibrium did not show any significant change. For chrome dyeing, the dyeing rate of the LTP-treated wool fiber was also increased but the final dyeing exhaustion equilibrium was only increased to a small extent. In addition, the rate of afterchroming process was similar to the chrome dyeing process. For the reactive dyeing, the dyeing rate of the LTP-treated wool fiber was greatly increased and also the final dyeing exhaustion equilibrium was increased significantly. As a result, it could conclude that the LTP treatment could improve the dyeing behavior of wool fiber in different dyeing systems.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
A new approach for improving the durable press properties of wool fabric was investigated. The new technique involves padding with finishing bath containing DMDHEU at pH 2 using different acids, ...batching for 2 h at room temperature, followed by passing through a neutralizing bath containing triethanolamine (3 g/L) as an acid scavenger, and drying at 120°C/5 min. The results indicate that: i) wool fabric samples finished with the aforementioned technique acquire better durable press properties, higher whiteness index, and higher extent of post-dyeing, regardless of the acid used; ii) of the various acids used, HCl along with its amine salt, constitute a highly efficient catalytic system; iii) increasing DMDHEU concentration up to a certain limit has a positive impact on the dry and wet fabric resiliency, whiteness index, protection properties against moth attack, as well as on the extent of post-dyeing; and iv) the extent of improvement in the aforementioned properties is governed by the type of finishing agent and follows the descending order: Arkofix®NG > Fixapret®Eco, irrespective of the catalytic system used.
The Degradation of Nylon in Acid Dyeing IIJIMA, Toshiro; SUDOH, Yukie
Journal of Home Economics of Japan,
1988/06/05, Letnik:
39, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
The degradation of nylon 6 in acid dyeing at pH 3.60 and 2.50 at 90°C has been studied. The acid dyestuff, aniline → R-acid (DAR) and its model compounds, R-acid (RA) and 1, 5-naphthalenedisulfonic ...acid (NDS) were used. Nylon fabric was treated in aqueous solutions of these compounds and its tensile strength was determined. Nylon treated with RA and NDS shows a remarkable decrease in tensile strength compared with DAR. Viscosity measurements indicate a similar trend in decreases. These organic acids, especially RA and NDS are clearly responsible for the catalytic hydrolysis. The mechanism of the degradation is discussed.
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