Over recent years, the asylum appeal process has become a major area of judicial decision-making and the most frequently restructured tribunal system. Asylum adjudication is also one of the most ...difficult areas of decision-making in the modern legal system. How are we to assess and evaluate the quality of the tribunal systems that do the day-to-day work of adjudicating the disputes individuals have with government? This highly topical book examines how the idea of adjudicative quality works by presenting a detailed case-study of the tribunal system responsible for determining appeals lodged by foreign nationals who claim that they will be at risk of persecution or ill-treatment on return to their country of origin. Integrating empirical research with legal analysis, the book provides an in-depth study of the development and operation of the tribunal system and of asylum decision-making. It examines how this particular appeal process seeks to mediate the tension between the competing values under which it operates. The book looks at the organization of the tribunal system, its procedures, the nature of fact-finding in asylum cases, and the operation of onward rights of challenge. It also looks at how the tensions inherent in the idea of administrative justice are manifested in the context of a tribunal system responsible for making potentially life or death decisions. Filling a gap in this area of study, the book will be of value to all those interested in administrative law and asylum adjudication. This book is the First place winner of the Society of Legal Scholars Birks Prize for Outstanding Legal Scholarship 2011.
Article III requires federal judges who exercise federal jurisdiction to be given life tenure and undiminished compensation, limiting Congress's ability to influence the judiciary.
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Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, PRFLJ, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A lawsuit must be filed with the appropriate administrative court once a party complains to the issuing authority about the relevant judgment in a judicial dispute in general and an administrative ...one in particular. This is in order to litigate for the purpose of removing the harms it caused after alerting it of its behavior that caused the harm through a complaint, so that an action can be reviewed without dispute. The judge detects the dispute and gives his judgment according to the evidence to establish the right and the dispute is between. However, there are cases that may cause the end of the dispute between the parties with their consent or because of mistakes issued by them. This may cause the dispute to be substantively or formally resolved, permanently or temporarily, without issuing a judgment on the matter. Some of its reasons are a final solution to the dispute between them, and others are a reason to re-file the lawsuit proceedings again.
This research aims to study Legal Regulation of Third Party Intervention before the Palestinian Administrative Courts. by exploring legislative gaps in Articles 30 and 31 of the Decree-Law on ...Palestinian Administrative Courts, No. 41 of 2020, and seeks to enhance them to ensure justice, equality, and the protection of human rights and freedoms. The research employs a descriptive, analytical, and comparative approach to analyze and compare the legislative texts concerning third-party intervention before administrative courts in Palestinian law with those in the legal systems of comparable countries. Specifically, the research addresses the topics of mandatory and voluntary intervention, including their respective requirements and procedures. The research concludes that there are several gaps and ambiguities concerning the legal regulation of third-party intervention before administrative courts, which leads to inconsistencies in judicial opinions and practices regarding this issue. Therefore, the study recommends amending this legislation to enhance matters related to third-party intervention through the review of legal systems of comparable countries and learning from their experiences. in addition to establishing clear criteria to differentiate between types of intervention and evaluating their impact on the case, thereby supporting a deep understanding of legal practices and providing a framework in Palestinian administrative law. ملخص البحث يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة التنظيم القانوني لتدخل الشخص الثالث أمام المحاكم الإدارية الفلسطينية، مستكشفاً الثغرات التشريعية في المادتين (30) و (31) من القرار بقانون بشأن المحاكم الإدارية الفلسطيني رقم (41) لسنة 2020، ويسعى إلى تحسينها لضمان العدالة والمساواة وحماية حقوق الانسان وحرياته، ويستخدم البحث منهجاً وصفياً تحليلياً مقارناً لتحليل ومقارنة النصوص التشريعية المتعلقة بتدخل الشخص الثالث أمام لمحاكم الإدارية في التشريع الفلسطيني مع النظم القانونية للمحاكم الإدارية في الدول المقارنة، من حيث تناول موضوعات التدخل الإلزامي والتدخل الطوعي، بما في ذلك شروطهما وإجراءاتهما، وتوصل البحث إلى وجود العديد من الثغرات والتساؤلات المتعلقة بالتنظيم القانوني لتدخل الشخص الثالث أمام المحاكم الإدارية، الأمر الذي يؤدي إلى وجود اختلافات في الآراء والممارسات القضائية بشأن هذا الموضوع، لذلك يوصي البحث بتعديل هذا التشريع لتحسين المسائل المتعلقة بتدخل الشخص الثالث من خلال مراجعة نظم دول مقارنة والتعلم من تجاربها، إلى جانب وضع معايير واضحة للتمييز بين أنواع التدخل وتقييم تأثيرها على الدعوى، دعمًا لفهم عميق للممارسات القانونية وتوفير إطار مرجعي في القانون الإداري الفلسطيني.
This gloss discusses two, at first glance imperceptible, problems that are concentrated in the ruling analyzed. The first of these is the practical application of ethical principles by public ...administration bodies. In the case being commented on – submitting an application for a school scholarship beyond the statutory deadline – the public administration authorities not only failed to fulfill their obligations related to the fair consideration of the case, but also to provide protection to a family in a difficult life situation. Such protection is guaranteed not only by statutes, including the Code of Administrative Procedure, but also by the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and international agreements binding on Poland. The Supreme Administrative Court’s judgment focused primarily on the analysis of the provisions of the Education System Act, without paying much attention to the above-mentioned problem of standards that should guide public administration. In the author’s opinion, such a way of considering the case, which ignores the broader context of the primary causes of the entire problem, should be considered as a serious omission. In the light of the fundamental role of the courts in protecting the fundamental rights of the individual, as well as the influence of case law on shaping the legal culture of public authorities and society, the duty of the court – especially the court of last instance – is to provide a detailed explanation of all doubts that have arisen in a given case and a comprehensive justification of the reasons for a given decision. The goal that the court should strive for is not only to uphold and promote certain standards or maintain the uniformity of case law, but also to ensure that both the parties and all other recipients of the judgment have no or the least possible doubts as to the correctness of the judgment. All this significantly affects the authority of the judiciary and the trust of citizens in it, and thus to some extent, also their faith in the entire public authority in Poland.
A minisztertanácsi jegyzőkönyveket vizsgálva azt állapíthatjuk meg, hogy alapvetően háromféle módon jelentek ott meg a kihágások. Egyrészt a kihágásokkal kapcsolatos feladatok intézése mint ...minisztériumi ügykör, másrészt a kihágásokkal kapcsolatos jogszabályok előkészítése, harmadrészt pedig mint kihágásokkal kapcsolatos hatásköri összeütközések. A bírósági reform elkezdéséhez kapcsolódó kompromisszum eredménye lett az 1869. évi IV. törvénycikk 25. §-a, amely a közigazgatási hatóságok és a bíróságok közötti hatásköri összeütközések rendezésének kérdését szabályozta, ideiglenesen. Szerencsétlen volt a szabályozás, mivel a kormánynak olyan kérdésekkel kellett foglalkoznia, amelyekhez sem a szükséges tudása, sem a szükséges kompetenciái, sem pedig a szükséges mennyiségű ideje nem állt rendelkezésre. Ráadásul – különösen a kihágások esetén – olyan ügyeket kellett a kormány elé vinni, amelyek jelentősége nagyon csekély volt. A kortársak szerint a kormány megfelelő önmérséklettel és óvatossággal járt el a hatásköri összeütközések feloldásánál. Azonban erre semmilyen jogszabály nem kényszerítette, semmilyen jogi jellegű garanciális elem sem volt a kormány eljárásában. A helyzet valódi megoldását a hatásköri bíróságokról szóló törvény hozta el 1907-ben.
The current work explores three potential facilitators of judicial performance. Participants in a state‐wide survey of judicial officers (response rate = 33.9 percent) completed self‐report measures ...of self‐efficacy, prosocial impact, and self‐legitimacy as well as subjectively perceived performance. Objective performance data collected by the state court administrative office were then merged with the survey data. Latent variable analysis confirmed the three predictor constructs' separability, and although all four concepts were correlated, self‐efficacy was the sole independent predictor of subjective performance. An unplanned mediation analysis suggested significant indirect effects of self‐legitimacy and prosocial impact on subjectively assessed performance through self‐efficacy. Regarding objective performance, self‐efficacy emerged as the only significant correlate or predictor. The research therefore empirically demonstrates the empirical distinctiveness of self‐efficacy, prosocial impact, and self‐legitimacy and provides some exploratory support for a causal model whereby self‐efficacy provides the proximal impact on performance but is itself facilitated by prosocial impact and self‐legitimacy.
Recent research confirms the growing scale and frequency of land use conflicts. Such conflicts primarily affect rural areas and farmland due to urban expansion or transformations towards ...multifunctionality. This paper, therefore, aims to identify changes in the scale and structure of farmland use conflicts among the three main competing functions (production, consumption and protection) drawing upon Holmes’ conceptualisation of the multifunctional countryside. Unlike other research, based mainly on qualitative case studies, we use Shannon entropy and the administrative courts’ database in Poland to analyse farmland use conflicts in a quantitative approach. Our results show the growing dynamics and changing conflict structure observed in time and space but also, to some extent, depending on the composition and configuration of land functions. The findings also prove the importance of (EU, large-scale, nationwide) agricultural and environmental policies in increasing the number of conflict cases. A shift in the conflict line is observed from mainly production-consumption conflicts to conflicts within a single function (production-production) and production-protection conflicts. The changing structure of farmland use conflicts is shaped by the level of development of the production function considered in terms of size and ownership structures as well as its economic performance. In light of this study, land use conflicts, often perceived as socially undesirable, are not necessarily unfavourable, as they manifest a growing capacity to engage in dispute and include weak, forgotten or intentionally excluded actors in the process of building resistance.
•The revealed and formalised land use conflicts are approached quantitatively.•Shannon entropy and the administrative courts’ database were used.•Composition of land functions determines the dynamics and structure of conflicts.•EU agricultural and conservation policies translate into growing scale of conflicts.•Growing scale of conflicts reflects building of resistance by less capable actors.
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