Display omitted
•Fruit and vegetable juice (FVJ) are closely related to human health.•Vital results on FVJ processing and its relationship with properties were reviewed.•Combination of thermal and ...non-thermal sterilization can be highly effective for FVJ.•Lactic acid fermentation is useful for FVJ storage and high-value utilization.•Nutritional quality upgrading of FVJ treated by new processing techniques highlighted.
Fruit and vegetable juice (FVJ) has become a favorite beverage for all age groups because of its excellent sensory and nutritional qualities. FVJ has a series of health benefits such as antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer. Except for raw materials selection, processing technology and packaging and storage also play a vital role in the nutrition and functional components of FVJ. This review systematically reviews the important research results on the relationship between FVJ processing and its nutrition and function in the past 10 years. Based on the brief elucidation of the nutrition and health benefits of FVJ and the unit operation involved in the production process, the influence of a series of key technology units, including pretreatment, clarification, homogenization, concentration, sterilization, drying, fermentation and packaging and storage, on the nutritional function of FVJ was systematically expounded. This contribution provides an update on the impacts of technical processing units on the nutrients and functional components of FVJ and new perspectives for future studies.
The application of polyaniline (PANI) in various fields is greatly limited by its poor solubility in water.Many methods which could elevate PANI water-soluble ability were used by researchers to ...expand its application range. In this paper, the research progress of the commonly used preparation methods of water-soluble PANI in recent years is reviewed. The main preparation methods of water-soluble PANI are categorized into four types including monomer modification, controlling the polymerization process, introducing water-soluble groups or substances, macromolecular reaction. They are composed of aniline derivative method, copolymerization, emulsion polymerization method, dispersion polymerization method, acid doping method, compound method, ATRP method. The principles of various methods to achieve water-solubility of PANI are introduced, the research on each preparation method reported before are introduced and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized.
Developing countries are faced with a lot of challenges in providing high-quality financial reports based on modern accounting regulations and practices. With its specific colonial and postcolonial ...history of socioeconomic relations, Sudan is one of a few countries that has not adopted the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) either as a mandatory or as a voluntary financial reporting framework. Focusing on a sample of 142 respondents, the attitudes towards the obstacles and possible benefits of introducing the IFRS in Sudan expressed by accountants working in the industry sector are examined in the paper. This research study has shown that Sudanese accountants are highly aware of the needs and benefits of the IFRS adoption. The respondents predominantly agree that the IFRS adoption would increase the FDI inflow, reduce frauds and other unlawful activities, and improve the comparability, reliability and transparency of financial information, which currently is not the case. However, the research shows that accountants in Sudan also express a high degree of skepticism, given the numerous restrictions that they believe would make the introduction of the IFRS more difficult.
As a receptor tyrosine kinase with the most family members, erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte kinase (Eph) is closely related to the occurrence and development of malignant tumors and displays a ...wide range of clinical application value. Animal models have played an important role in exploring the biological functions, molecular mechanisms and screening therapeutic targets of Eph family molecules. In this paper, we reviewed the application and latest research progress of xenotransplantation model, immune-related model, and gene modification model in the study of Eph family's functional research, and summarized the advantages and disadvantages of various models, in order to provide a reference for researchers to select appropriate animal models for Eph related research.
A tablet can be defined as a solid unit dosage form. There are several reasons for coating of solid dosage form, the most important reason is to control the release profile & also to control the ...bioavailability parameters of the APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients). Tablets containing active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) can be coated with thin polymer-based film for various advantages. Generally, horizontal rotating pans are used for coating purposes & coating solution can be spread through the spraying systems over the surface of tablets. Bitter taste masking, odor masking, physical and chemical protection, and also environmental protection are all benefits of the tablet coating. Despite that, Tablet coating also plays an important role in controlling the action site. Sugar-coating, film coating, and enteric coating are some of the conventional tablet coating processes. The primary objective for creating tablet coating technologies is to eliminate the numerous disadvantages of solvent-based coating. Coating solution preferentially applied on the surface of solid dosage forms without the need for any solvent in these novel technologies. This review article provides information regarding the techniques of conventional tablet coating, the recent advancement of tablet coating procedures, and tablet coating components.
Over 1.5 billion children from around the world were affected by school or university closures during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and distance learning was introduced for many ...pupils. The article presents the results of a survey conducted among Polish teachers of early education (N
= 239), which aimed at answering an important question: To what extent and in what ways did Polish teachers cope with distance learning during the pandemic? The results of the survey revealed the many problems that teachers faced during 'remote education'. It was found, that in some cases: there was a lack of information technology equipment in the pupils' homes, a lack of communication with the pupils and their parents, a lack of motivation among pupils, and health problems had begun emerge amongst children. Nonetheless, teachers noted some positive aspects of this form of education, which enabled them to conduct classes during the pandemic. It was noted that many teachers indicated that the experience they had gained in remote working provided important indications for the further development of distance learning approaches with young children that may help to ameliorate the potential social inequalities that may arise in such a crisis situation.
•Eucalyptus serves as source of fuelwood, construction materials and income.•Eucalyptus grows fast and produces large biomass.•Eucalyptus has undesirable ecological consequences and is detrimental to ...crop and livestock production.•The expansion of eucalyptus reportedly aggravates crop pest and diseases.•Eucalyptus needs to be established in areas marginally suitable for crop and livestock production.
Eucalyptus is a popular evergreen perennial tree that grows quickly. Due to its diverse economic value and wide range of adaptations, the eucalyptus is commonly grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Eucalyptus is an economically important tree. However, the economic importance of eucalyptus ensued at the expense of undesirable ecological consequences. This qualitative study reports the advantages and disadvantages of eucalyptus woodlot establishment on the productivity of arable and grazing lands. In this study, nine knowledgeable farmers were involved in an in-depth individual interview and four focus group discussions were conducted. Farmers have frequently reported the negative impact of eucalyptus plantations on the productivity of the agricultural system. Eucalyptus serves as a refuge for crop pests and pathogens such as aphids and rust. Besides, the shade suppresses the development of the understory and adjacent crops, pastures, fodder, and other species of native trees and shrubs if they are planted together. Eucalyptus has increasingly replaced eco-friendly native trees and shrubs traditionally used as hedges, windbreaks, fodder, shelters for domestic and wild animals, and enhancers of soil fertility. Besides deteriorating soil fertility, structure, and moisture, it drains wetlands, springs, and streams and reduces the flow of rivers. Nevertheless, farmers acknowledged the importance of eucalyptus as a construction material, a source of fuelwood and charcoal, and income. To make the best use of eucalyptus woodlots without imposing adverse effects on agroecology, farmers have suggested that plantation sites should be marginally suitable for crop and livestock production. The expanded plantation needs to be contracted by removing a significant proportion of the established eucalyptus woodlots. Plantations of eucalyptus around watering points should be discouraged. Fast-growing, resilient, and eco-friendly tree species, such as those from Grevillea and Populus species, and sibling (leguminous) trees and shrubs delivering comparable products and services should be sought after to replace the significant proportion of the established eucalyptus woodlot.
This paper explores tourism students’ perceptions of blended learning (BL) and examines the correlations between BL statements, student academic performance (AP), and the level of satisfaction with ...blended courses (BCs). A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from 166 randomly selected tourism students in a comprehensive University in South Africa. For data analysis, IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0 (IBM Corporation, 2022) software was used. The results indicate that most tourism students had positive perceptions of BL based on their degrees of AP and satisfaction with the BC. Most tourism students claim that they are not comfortable completing assignments and taking assessments online. The results further reveal that students they are frequently disappointed with the assessment approach of online discussions. The study recommends that the university studied conduct a variety of reform programmes geared at strengthening tourism lecturers’ BL abilities (such as upgrading online assessment methodologies and lecture design). To encourage learning involvement, tourism lecturers could improve students’ perceptions of the BL platform in their instructional design. This will gradually improve tourism students’ low perceptions of BL, as identified in this study.
Since the introduction of the e-learning electrocardiogram (ECG) course 'ECG Online' into the curriculum at the University of Ulm, a small but relatively constant number of students have decided not ...to participate in the online course but to attend the face-to-face course, although the content of both courses is identical. The present study examined why students prefer one format or the other.
In a qualitative research approach, ten medical students were questioned in a guided interview. At the time of the survey the interviewees were enrolled in the 7th to 10th semesters. Among the respondents, 2 had participated only in the face-to-face ECG course, 4 only in the online version and 4 in both the face-to-face and the online course.
Interestingly, the very factors associated with e-learning - and always praised as advantages of it - are viewed critically by the students. Thus, although the 24-h access to learning content was consistently evaluated positively, the unlimited availability (lack of expiry date) was not seen as conducive to learning. The lack of fixed time constraints and the attendant lack of pressure were important reasons why some of the students had discontinued the online course prematurely. A similar distinction was seen in the flexibility of location for e-learning, because the very obligation to be physically present on a particular day at a fixed time led to a higher degree of commitment to courses and a willingness to actually attend the course until the end. In addition, if the content has a high degree of perceived professional relevance face-to-face courses are preferred because they offer the possibility of direct interaction.
Even though the small sample size limits the generalisability of the results, our findings indicate that when developing online courses students' needs could be better met if measures were included to strengthen extrinsic and intrinsic motivation and formats were favoured that enable students to have a minimum level of personal interaction with the lecturer.
PDF
