The article emphasizes that the family is the main environment of life. If it is a dysfunctional family, all its problems can have a negative impact on the development and upbringing of children. ...Unfortunately, the key dysfunction in the case of Poland is alcoholism. Therefore, the study emphasizes that the situation of a child growing up in an alcoholic family depends on many factors related to the functioning of the family environment. The addiction of one or both parents, the degree of degradation of family life and the availability of external support are of particular importance here. All of this can lead to social exclusion and hatred of children growing up in families with alcohol problems by their peers. The author proves the need to help children growing up in problematic families, since they are characterized not only by social isolation, but also by bullying or cyberbullying. It is pointed out that the traumatic experience and suffering of such children often go beyond the family environment, where they experience academic failures, difficulties in relationships with peers, etc. The article notes that the consequences of various traumas in the educational or family environment experienced in childhood can have a long-lasting impact on their lives; some of these minors may also become addicted to alcohol, imitating their parents. Therefore, it is important for educators and social workers to develop appropriate strategies for effective psychological and pedagogical support of such families, in particular while raising children.
У статті наголошено, що сім'я становить основне середовище життя. Якщо це є дисфункціональна сім'я, всі її проблеми можуть негативно впливати на розвиток та виховання дітей. На жаль, ключовою дисфункцією у випадку Польщі є алкоголізм. Тому у дослідженні наголошено, що ситуація дитини, яка зростає в алкогольній родині, залежить від багатьох факторів, пов'язаних з функціонуванням родинного середовища. Залежність одного або обох батьків, ступінь деградації життя сім'ї та наявність зовнішньої підтримки мають особливе значення тут. Все це може призвести до виникнення соціального відчуження та ненависті до дітей, які зростають у сім'ях з алкогольною проблематикою, з боку їхніх однолітків. Доведено необхідність допомоги дітям, котрі зростають у проблемних родинах, адже для них характерна є не лише соціальна ізоляція, а також булінг чи кібербулінг. Вказано, що травматичний досвід і страждання таких вихованців часто-густо виходять за межі сімейного оточення, де вони зазнають академічних невдач, труднощів у взаєминах з однолітками і т.п. У статті зауважено, що наслідки різних травм в освітньому чи родинному середовищі, пережитих у дитинстві, можуть мати тривалий вплив на їхнє життя; деякі з цих неповнолітніх можуть також стати залежними від алкоголю, наслідуючи батьків. Тому педагогам, соціальним працівникам важливо розробити відповідні стратегії для ефективного психолого-педагогічного супроводу таких сімей, зокрема у вихованні дітей.
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Aim. To describe the specifics of coping with an alcoholic family crisis caused by the removal of a c
Methodology. The article analyzes strategies of coping behavior of mothers and ...children from alcoholic families in connection with the peculiarities of going through the crisis and the specifics of family relationships. The research uses empirical methods (conversation, survey, projective drawing), methods of statistical analysis and interpretation of results.
Results. The article shows the similarity of the response of mothers and children in a crisis: the lack of adequate actions, the predominance of emotionally-oriented behavior, self-blame and aggression. Connections of coping behavior with predominance of uncertainty in the ways to bring up children, excessive demands, preference for childish qualities in the child are noticed in the mother-child relations.
Research implications. The results of the study contribute to the improving the practice of helping families in crisis.
Parental alcohol dependency negatively influences children, and a number of studies have examined the numerous childhood adversities and negative developmental outcomes among children of alcoholics. ...However, few studies have explored how children of alcoholics adapt to their own lives while growing up in an alcoholic family. For this reason, we examined the psychosocial adaptation process that Korean adult children of alcoholics (KCOAs) had experienced since they were young, which we in turn used to generate a theory of the adaptation process of KCOAs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the psychosocial adaptation process of Korean children who grew up with a father with alcohol dependency. A total of 20 volunteer participants were recruited, and either face-to-face or telephone-based semi-structured interviews were conducted based on the participants’ preferences. The interview data were analyzed by using grounded theory methodology. As a result, ‘‘separating my own identity from my father’’ appeared as a core category of KCOAs’ adaptation process. In order to separate themselves from their fathers, they tended to pass through six stages: being trapped, awakening, struggling, blocking, understanding, and separating.
The transfer of episcripts in the families of alcohol-dependent men and the relationship of this process to the family's self-destructive behavior is described. The evolution of spousal relationships ...in these marriages is considered from the perspective of the transmission of self-destructiveness and changes in the course of alcohol dependence. The authors identify clinical types of the episcript model of family relationships, including single-level (husband ↔ wife) and multilevel (husband ↔ wife ↔ son) episcript transmission. The theoretical and therapeutic implications of the episcript transmission of self-destructiveness for the psychotherapeutic treatment of dependent and codependent conditions are discussed.
Although Mexican Americans make up one of the largest U.S. minorities, comprising 11% of the general U.S. population, substance use treatment models often fail to incorporate cultural factors that ...affect the efficacy of treatment for this population. The authors examine the severity of substance use disorders among this population and barriers to treatment. To account for unique factors affecting Mexican American families, the authors propose a new approach for the conceptualization of roles in the alcoholic family. The authors present a case vignette to demonstrate how therapists might use the authors' new conceptualization of family roles to more competently treat Mexican American families seeking substance use disorder treatment.
Introduction : This paper presents the process of developing the Family Roles Questionnaire (FRQ) research tool, which measures the psychological roles played by young adults in their families. ...Material and methods : Following Wegscheider-Cruse roles/research scales of Hero, Mascot, Lost Child, and Scapegoat were distinguished. The role/scale of Iron Child was added to indicate an individual who doesn’t suffer any obvious mental damage despite growing in dysfunctional environment on the basis of multiple reports from the resilience trend. Psychometric verification has shown high Cronbach’s α reliability index, confirmatory factor analysis has shown sufficient match of tested model with data coming from Polish study sample within the domain of construct validity. Results : The study was conducted on a general sample of 588 persons from alcoholic and non-alcoholic families between 17 and 35 years of age. Among women and men from alcoholic families virtually every role came out with a high rate, but the highest average result was in the Scapegoat role. Discussion : Roles of Hero and Mascot in women, and Lost Child in men, usually treated as specific for alcohol families, did not show up relevant. There are no statistically significant differences with respect to fulfilling these roles when comparing the group of young adults from alcoholic and non-alcoholic families classified as “normal”. There are differences between men and women in the scale of Iron Child, which suggests that each gender preferred different adaptive mechanisms. Conclusions : The Family Roles Questionnaire appears to be a useful tool for individual or group research.
The purpose of this study was to interpret the dynamics of Korean alcoholic family through the lens of Confucianism, using research conducted in South Korea. To gain an in-depth understanding of the ...family dynamics and the lived experiences of a certain alcoholic family having a specific ethnicity, health professionals must first understand the uniqueness of their own cultural bases and how those cultural components can shape dynamics of alcoholic family. Thus, we reviewed qualitative studies of Korean families with alcoholic fathers to investigate the unique characteristics of Korean alcoholic families in terms of Confucian thoughts and values and discuss how the Confucian thoughts affect family dynamics in those Korean alcoholic families. Relevant literature was found through Korean database Research Information Sharing Service by using several (Korean) searching terms: alcoholic, home, spouse, wife, children, and family. Articles were included if they were studies of a Korean alcoholic family and used qualitative methodology. If the studies did not include familial perspectives or not focused on alcoholism issues, those studies were excluded. Eleven qualitative studies of alcoholic family were searched. The members of alcoholic families in South Korea, including the alcoholic member, have expected roles and duties because of the influence of Confucian thoughts and values. By associating with family member's alcoholism, those expectations are a big burden on those family members. Therefore, future plans for community interventions and programs for this population should incorporate the findings from this study.
Children of alcoholics (COAs) are those who have grown up with parental alcoholism. The purpose of this study was to understand the lives of Korean COAs within a Korean cultural context, influenced ...by Confucianism. Prior literature has extensively reported about the adverse life experiences of COAs related to their alcohol dependent parents. Indeed, most of these studies assume the U.S.- or Western-centric perspective. However, in order to provide culture-specific care, health professionals who provide care for diverse ethnic families have to understand the cultural influences on the families which have an ill family member. Data were collected from 20 Korean adult children through semi-structured interviews. All interviews were audio-recorded and fully transcribed. Thematic analysis was used for the data analysis. The lives of Korean COAs were described with four themes, namely: "Losing family," "Life with holding a bomb," "My life ruined," and "Being bound." Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrated how cultural components could shape individual's life experiences in a family having an alcohol dependent family member. This study would be helpful for health professionals to deeply understand the alcoholic family members within a specific cultural background as well as to build a cultural-specific care-plans for them.
This paper attempts to examine biographical consequences and costs of growing up in an alcoholic home and to scrutinize the development of biographical identity of an adult woman (Natalia) who lives ...with conviction that as a teenager she “dared” to bring into question the “normality” of her own family when escaping the collective alcoholic trajectory of her family through attempting suicide and entering a children’s home. Consequently, she is still guilt-ridden since she feels responsible for destroying the facade of a (false and illusionary) positive family image and for being the one who managed to get out of the collective trajectory of suffering. On the basis of the concept of “betrayal funnel,” as described by Erving Goffman, it is shown that Natalia was sort of “framed” in “reversed betrayal funnel” by a school psychologist – who probably intended to help but her activities turned out badly in the long run. Furthermore, it is argued that her subjective definition of the course of events in her life results not only in a (subliminal) nagging sense of guilt (strengthened by a negative “me” image created by her family) and her obsessive responsibility for her parents and siblings but – in spite of a fulfilling and meaningful life – it still impedes all her attempts to work the trajectory potential through. This has a strong influence on her current world of everyday existence, her personal identity, and biographical orientation.
The aim of this research is to identify specific qualities of resilience
which develop and strengthen during the family therapy of alcoholism and
which help the family to overcome the difficulties ...caused by alcoholism. The
research had two goals: to study the influence of the therapy on resilience
processes in two groups, the first, which went through the therapy and the
other which is on the beginning of the treatment process. The second goal was
to study permanence of changes induced by the therapy through the connection
between resilience process and the quality of life in examined groups. This
research is non-experimental, meta-experimental, and aimed at the development
of scientific knowledge about family resilience, and it has implications to
family therapy of alcoholism. We used Resilience Model of H. McCubbin (1996)
as a theoretical basis in order to examine contribution of the therapy to
changes in family functioning, family resources, family appraisals, and the
family s problem- solving and coping repertoire. We studied 100 families, out
of which 50 families overcame the crisis of alcoholism with the therapy and
at least three years have been in stable abstinence with a changed life
style, and 50 families which are at the beginning of the systemic family
therapy of alcoholism. The therapy was conducted at the Department and
Outpatient clinic for alcoholism treatment of The General Hospital Sombor. We
used quantitative measures, and the results were analyzed by correlation
techniques and regression analysis. The results showed that the group of
families which went through the therapy differs from the group which has just
started it, in the way the family functions, in using family resources, and
in the way of solving problems and copings. Differences registered in the
domain of family appraisals (sense of coherence) proved themselves to be the
most remarkable feature in which groups consistently differ at all levels of
analysis. The results also showed that family appraisals, especially
spirituality, the most important permanence predictor of therapy effects, and
that is why, the possibilities of therapeutic setting expansion are
suggested.
Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio identifikacija specifičnih kvaliteta
rezilijentnosti koji se razvijaju i jačaju tokom porodične terapije
alkoholizma i koji pomažu porodici u prevladavanju nevolja izazvanih
alkoholizmom. Istraživanje je imalo dva cilja: istraživanje uticaja terapije
na procese rezilijentnosti u dvema grupama, jednoj koja je prošla terapiju i
drugoj koja je na početku procesa lečenja. Drugi cilj je bio da se istraži
trajnost promena nastalih tokom terapije koje smo sagledali kroz odnos
procesa rezilijentnosti i kvaliteta života u ispitivanim grupama. Ovo
istraživanje je neeksperimentalno, kvazi-eksperimentalno i usmereno na razvoj
naučnog saznanja na polju porodične rezilijentnosti, ima implikacije na
porodičnu terapiju alkoholizma. Koristili smo Rezilijentni model H. McCubbin
(1996) kao teorijsku osnovu kako bi ispitali doprinos terapije promenama u
porodičnom funkcionisanju, porodičnim resursima, porodičnim procenama,
načinima rešavanja i prevladavanja problema (kopinzima). Ispitali smo 100
porodica od kojih 50 porodica koje su uz pomoć terapije savladale krizu
alkoholizma i najmanje tri godine su u stabilnost apstinenciji sa promenama
stila života, i 50 porodica koje su na početku sistemske porodične terapije
alkoholizma. Terapija se obavljala na Odeljenju i Dispanzeru za lečenje
alkoholizma somborske Opšte bolnice. Korištene su kvantitativne mere, a
rezultati merenja analizirani korelacionim tehnikama i regresionom analizom.
Rezultati su pokazali da se grupa porodica koja je prošla terapiju razlikuje
od grupe koja je počela terapiju u načinu porodičnog funkcionisanja, u
korištenju porodičnih resursa, te u načinima rešavanja problema (kopinzima).
Razlike registrovane u domenu porodičnih procena (osećaj koherentnosti)
pokazale su se kao najmarkantnije obeležje po kojem se grupe dosledno
razlikuju na svim nivoima analize. Rezultati su takođe pokazali da su
porodične procene, posebno duhovnost, najvažniji prediktor trajnosti učinka
terapije, te su predložene i mogućnosti za proširenje terapijskih setinga.
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