Alkoholna pića su postala neizostavni dio većine gastronomskih kultura širom svijeta. Proizvodnja i potrošnja voćnih rakija, posebno rakija od šljiva i grožđa, kao i rakija od krušaka i jabuka, imaju ...dugu tradiciju u zemljama jugoistočne Europe. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti 47 voćnih rakija proizvedenih u malim destilerijama i industrijskim pogonima iz pet zemalja. Analiziran je sadržaj najčešćih hlapljivih spojeva (viši alkoholi, esteri masnih kiselina i metanol) te senzorna kvaliteta voćnih rakija. Kako bi se utvrdile sličnosti ili razlike između uzoraka alkoholnih pića na temelju veličine destilerije provedena je analiza glavnih komponenata (PCA) korištenjem koncentracija glavnih hlapljivih spojeva u uzorcima alkoholnih pića te senzorna procjena. Koncentracija metanola u svim uzorcima bila je ispod zakonske granice EU-a. Koncentracija metanola bila je najviša u rakijama od kruške Williams, a najniža u rakijama od grožđa. Distribucija uzoraka PCA potvrđuje dobru kvalitetu uzoraka iz malih destilerija (SD) i iz industrijskih postrojenja (IP), uz neke iznimke pojedinih uzoraka s utvrđenim nedostacima proizvedenih u nekim malim destilerijama. Rezultati senzorne evaluacije pokazuju visoku senzornu kvalitetu voćnih alkoholnih pića iz ovog dijela Europe.
Utjecaj kvasaca na kvalitetu žitnog destilata Mihaljević Žulj, Marin; Počepan, Ivan; Viskić, Marko ...
Glasnik Zaštite Bilja,
05/2020, Letnik:
43, Številka:
3
Journal Article, Paper
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Izbor kvasca za proizvodnju žitnog destilata može značajno utjecati na randman i koncentraciju etanola te konačnu kvalitetu proizvoda. Cilj rada bio je ispitati utjecaj dvije različite vrste kvasaca ...iz roda Saccharomyces na kvalitetu destilata dobivenog dvostrukom destilacijom fermentirane ječmene sladovine na jednostavnom destilacijskom uređaju. Korištena su dva kvasca, Saccharomyces cerevisiae komercijalnog naziva FERMOALE AY4, te kvasac Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ex. bayanus) komercijalnog naziva EC1118. Kemijskom analizom utvrđeno je kako je primjenom kvasca AY4 postignuta bolja iskoristivost šećera iz ječmene sladovine (3 % više etanola) i niža titracijska kiselost destilata. Plinskom kromatografijom utvrđene su koncentracije acetaldehida u oba uzorka iznad uobičajenih, pa je u uzorku destilata dobivenog korištenjem kvasca AY4 determinirano 274 mg L-1 a.a., a u uzorku dobivenom sa kvascem EC1118, 356 mg L-1 a.a. Nadalje, koncentracije viših alkohola u oba su uzorka bile iznad uobičajenih. U uzorku destilata AY4 determinirano je 2179 mg L-1 a.a, dok uzorak destilata EC1118 zbog determiniranih 3602 mg L-1 a.a. ukupnih viših alkohola ulazi u kategoriju destilata niže kvalitete. Uzorak destilata EC1118 bio je bogatiji etil acetatom, dok je uzorak destilata AY4 imao više koncentracije ostalih estera što je rezultiralo kompleksnijom aromom i punijim okusom destilata AY4.
The choice of yeast in cereal spirit production can greatly affect ethanol yield, as well as final product quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different yeast on the quality of spirit produced by double distilling a fermented cereal wash on a simple
still. Two yeasts were used, Saccharomyces cerevisiae FERMOALE AY4, and
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ex. bayanus) EC1118. Chemical analysis proved
that yeast AY4, as expected, has a better ethanol yield (3 % more ethanol), lower titratable acidity, while ethyl acetate concentrations were slightly higher in sample EC1118. By gas chromatography analysis higher acetaldehyde concentrations than usual was identified in samples,
in sample AY4 274 mg L-1 a.a., and 356 mg L-1 a.a. in sample EC1118 was
determinated. Furthermore, larger amounts of higher alcohols were produced in both samples, sample AY4 contained 2179 mg L-1 a.a. while sample EC1118 with 3602 mg L-1 a.a. total higher alcohols enter the lesser quality spirit rank. While sample EC1118 was richer with ethyl acetate, sample AY4 had higher concentrations of other esters which made
sample AY4 a distillate with more complex aroma and fuller flavour. Future experiments could yield interesting results if the fermentation conditions would match those in a distillery.
Excise taxes on smoking, drinking, gambling, polluting, and driving are always topical and controversial. Not only are these taxes convenient sources of government revenue, they can also be designed ...to reflect the external costs that consumers or producers of excisable products impose on other people. Global warming, acid rain, traffic congestion, and the economic costs of cigarette and alcohol consumption are problems that can be corrected through selective excise taxes and other regulatory instruments. Excise taxes, moreover, are increasingly looked upon as revenue substitutes for distortionary taxes on capital and labour. Addressing these and other issues, this book by internationally recognized experts analyses the art of excise taxation, providing a systematic, insightful, and often provocative treatment of a major fiscal instrument that policy-makers often neglect, and that gets little attention in the professional literature. It provides a sound understanding, not only of relevant economic theory, but of the myriad institutional details that are crucial for the practical application of that theory. Available in OSO: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/economicsfinance/0199278598/toc.html Contributors to this volume - Sijbren Cnossen, University of Maastricht and OCFEB Michael Smart, University of Toronto Stephen Smith, University College London Charles T. Clotfelter, Duke University Jean-Philippe Barde and Nils Axel Braathen, OECD, Environment Directorate Don Fullerton, University of Texas at Austin David Michael Newbery, University of Cambridge Bruno S. Frey, Institute for Empirical Economic Research, University of Zurich
Artikkelissa tarkastellaan Norbert Eliasin sivilisaatioteorian innoittamana naisena olemisen sääntöjä ja käsityksiä hyvästä ja huonosta naiseudesta. Tutkimuksen aineisto on kerätty osallistuvan ja ...tavallisen havainnoinnin kautta baarien eli yökerhojen, klubien ja tanssiravintoloiden naistenvessoista. Sivilisaatioprosessin kontekstissa vessat määrittyvät likaisiksi ja häpeällisiksi tiloiksi, mutta baarien naistenvessat ovat myös paikkoja, joissa huolehditaan ulkonäöstä ja jutellaan ystävien kanssa. Naistenvessoissa puidaan erityisesti ulkonäkö- ja ihmissuhdeongelmia, ja keskustelujen perusteella artikkelissa todetaan, että oikeanlaisessa naiseudessa naisten mielestä tärkeitä ovat erityisesti ulkonäköön ja miessuhteisiin liittyvät seikat. Omaa, oikeanlaista naiseutta korostetaan esimerkiksi huolitellun ulkonäön kautta. Vaikka naiset haluavatkin näin kontrolloida itseään, baarissa heitä myös kiehtoo heittäytyminen alkoholin, viettien ja halujen vietäväksi.
Theory of Addiction Robert West, Jamie Brown
2013, 2013-08-14, 20130101
eBook
The word 'addiction' these days is used to refer to a chronic condition where there is an unhealthily powerful motivation to engage in a particular behaviour. This can be driven by many different ...factors – physiological, psychological, environmental and social. If we say that it is all about X, we miss V, W, Y and Z. So, some people think addicts are using drugs to escape from unhappy lives, feelings of anxiety and so on; many are. Some people think drugs become addictive because they alter the brain chemistry to create powerful urges; that is often true. Others think that drug taking is about seeking after pleasure; often it is. Some take the view that addiction is a choice – addicts weigh up the pros and cons of doing what they do and decide the former outweigh the latter. Yet others believe that addicts suffer from poor impulse control; that is often true… And so it goes on. When you look at the evidence, you see that all these positions capture important aspects of the problem – but they are not complete explanations. Neuroscience can help us delve more deeply into some of these explanations, while the behavioural and social sciences are better at exploring others. We need a model that puts all this together in a way that can help us decide what to do in different cases. Should we prescribe a drug, give the person some 'tender loving care', put them in prison or what? Theory of Addiction provides this synthesis. The first edition was well received: 'Throughout the book the reader is exposed to a vast number of useful observations...The theoretical aims are timely, refreshing, ambitious and above all challenging. It opens up a new way of looking at addiction and has the potential to move the field of addiction a considerable leap forward. Thus we wholeheartedly would like to recommend the book for students as well as scholars. Read and learn!' Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 'The book provides a comprehensive review of existing theories - over 30 in all - and this synthesis of theories constitutes an important contribution in and of itself... West is to be commended for his synthesis of addiction theories that span neurobiology, psychology and social science and for his insights into what remains unexplained.' Addiction This new edition of Theory of Addiction builds on the first, including additional theories in the field, a more developed specification of PRIME theory and analysis of the expanding evidence base. With this important new information, Theory of Addiction will continue to be essential reading for all those working in addiction, from student to experienced practitioner – as urged above, Read and learn!
Published in 1913, this harrowing, autobiographical 'A to Z' of drinking shattered London's reputation as a clean-living adventurer and massively successful author of such books as White Fang and The ...Call of the Wild.
Alkoholna pića su postala neizostavni dio većine gastronomskih kultura širom svijeta. Proizvodnja i potrošnja voćnih rakija, posebno rakija od šljiva i grožđa, kao i rakija od krušaka i jabuka, imaju ...dugu tradiciju u zemljama jugoistočne Europe. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti 47 voćnih rakija proizvedenih u malim destilerijama i industrijskim pogonima iz pet zemalja. Analiziran je sadržaj najčešćih hlapljivih spojeva (viši alkoholi, esteri masnih kiselina i metanol) te senzorna kvaliteta voćnih rakija. Kako bi se utvrdile sličnosti ili razlike između uzoraka alkoholnih pića na temelju veličine destilerije provedena je analiza glavnih komponenata (PCA) korištenjem koncentracija glavnih hlapljivih spojeva u uzorcima alkoholnih pića te senzorna procjena. Koncentracija metanola u svim uzorcima bila je ispod zakonske granice EU-a. Koncentracija metanola bila je najviša u rakijama od kruške Williams, a najniža u rakijama od grožđa. Distribucija uzoraka PCA potvrđuje dobru kvalitetu uzoraka iz malih destilerija (SD) i iz industrijskih postrojenja (IP), uz neke iznimke pojedinih uzoraka s utvrđenim nedostacima proizvedenih u nekim malim destilerijama. Rezultati senzorne evaluacije pokazuju visoku senzornu kvalitetu voćnih alkoholnih pića iz ovog dijela Europe.
"The recent fascination in Finnish folklore studies with popular thought and the values and emotions encoded in oral tradition began with the realisation that the vast collections of the Finnish ...folklore archives still have much to offer the modern-day researcher. These archive materials were not only collected by scholars, but also by the ordinary rural populace interested in their own traditions, by performers and their audiences. With its myriad voices, this body of source material thus provides new avenues for the researcher seeking to penetrate popular thought. What does oral tradition tell us about the way its performers think and feel? What sorts of beliefs and ideas are transmitted in traditional songs and narratives? Perspectives from the study of mentalities and cultural cognition research provide a framework for investigating these issues. This collection of articles works from the premise that the cultural models which shape mentalities give rise to manifest expressions of culture, including folklore. These models also become embedded in the representations appearing in folklore, and are handed down from one generation to the next. The topics of the book cover age-old myths and world views, concepts of witchcraft and the Devil stretching back to the Middle Ages, and the values and collective emotions of Finnish and Hungarian agrarian communities. "
sisällön kuvaus: Ylioppilaslakkipäinen ihminen istuu yksinään viltillä vieressään reppu ja kaksi tyhjää Original Long Drink-tölkkiä vappupäivänä koronapandemian aiheuttamien poikkeusolojen aikaan ...lähes tyhjillään olevassa Kaivopuistossa.
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