Objective: To compare the antioxidant and anti-genotoxic properties of Alpinia (A.) galanga, Curcuma (C.) amada, and C. caesia. Methods: Cytotoxicity of ethanolic extracts of A. galanga, C. amada, ...and C. caesia at selected doses was evaluated by trypan blue, MTT, and flow cytometry-based assays. Genotoxicity and anti-genotoxicity (against methyl methanesulfonate, 35 μM and H2O2, 250 μM) of these plants were studied by comet assay in human lymphocytes in vitro. Furthermore, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, lipid peroxidation, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays were performed to study the antioxidant potentials of the plants. Finally, anti-genotoxic potential of C. amada was validated in Swiss albino mice using comet assay. Phytochemical composition of C. amada was determined by GC/MS and HPLC. Results: The selected doses (2.5, 5, and 10 μg/mL) of A. galanga, C. amada, and C. caesia were non-toxic by cytotoxicity tests. All three ethanolic extracts of plant rhizomes demonstrated antioxidant and anti-genotoxic properties against methyl methanesulfonate-and H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. Multivariate analysis revealed that various antioxidant properties of these extracts in DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays were strongly correlated with their total phenolic constituents. C. amada extract conferred protection against cyclophosphamide-induced DNA damage in the bone marrow cells of mice and DNA damage was significantly inhibited by 2.5 mg/kg C. amada extract. Conclusions: C. amada is rich in potentially bioactive molecules and exhibits potent antioxidant activities. Its anti-genotoxicity against cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress is also confirmed in this study.
Propolis is mainly composed of plant resins, and its type is named according to the primary plant origin in its composition. Identification of propolis botanical origin is essential for predicting ...and repeating its pharmacological activity because of the variations in chemical composition. This study aimed to compare chemical composition of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) type-propolis (PR1 and PR2) and Eurasian aspen (P. tremula L.)-type propolis (PR3) by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technique and to evaluate their biological activity profiles. According to LC-MS/MS results, in addition to marked caffeic acid phenethyl ester content in PR1 and PR2, flavonoid aglycones such as pinocembrin, chrysin, pinobanksin, and galangin were found to be dominant in these samples. On the other hand, PR3 contained relatively high concentrations of phenolic acids such as ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and trans-cinnamic acid. The anti-estrogenic activity test showed that PR2 exerted the highest anti-estrogenic activity by inhibiting cell proliferation by 44.6%. All propolis extracts showed anticancer activity, which was justified by decreasing activity on the 3D spheroid size in a concentration-dependent manner. Besides, all extracts showed moderate or potent antimutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains with and without metabolic activation, respectively. In addition, the Comet assay results revealed that propolis extracts have a geno-protective effect against H2O2-induced DNA damage in CHO-K1 cells at 0.625 and 1.25 μg/mL concentrations. Overall, the result of this study may help in preparing standardized propolis extracts and developing products with defined pharmacological benefits in the food supplements industry.
•Black poplar and Eurasian aspen-type propolis were characterized by LC-MS/MS.•Black poplar-type propolis exhibited anti-estrogenic activity on MCF-7 cells.•Black poplar and Eurasian aspen-type propolis had anticancer activity.•Black poplar-type propolis showed a more protective effect against DNA damage.•Eurasian aspen-type propolis displayed antimutagenicity against frameshift mutations.
DNA integrity and stability are essential to organisms' health and survival. However, it has been neglected in what concerns to fish farming, disregarding the potential impact of endogenous/ ...exogenous factors. As marine macroalgae constitute a source of natural compounds with a large spectrum of biological activities, this study, situated in the interface of nutritional-genetic research and development of algae practical applications, aimed to evaluate the genoprotective properties of a macroalgae-enriched diet (total percentage of 5%, incorporating equal percentages of Ulva rigida, Gracilaria gracilis and Fucus vesiculosus) in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Protection was assessed in relation to a basal genome integrity and against an exogenous genotoxic challenge (cyclophosphamide; CP). Fish were reared for 30 days with the supplemented diet, being then injected with CP and sampled at days 3 and 10 post-injection (p.i.). To evaluate whether the favorable effects remain after the end of supplementation, a fish subgroup previously fed with algae-enriched diet was submitted to a diet reversion at day 3 p.i., being thereafter fed with the standard diet. Genetic damage was evaluated through the erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA) and comet assays and complemented by the assessment of the antioxidant system. Results pointed out that algae-enriched feed exhibits anti-genotoxic properties, mostly expressed in relation to the exogenous pressure, manifest in relation to DNA strand breaks and chromosomal lesions, also reducing oxidative DNA damage. Nonetheless, blood antioxidants were only punctually altered by the supplemented diet (e.g. catalase and glutathione-S-transferase). Analyzing the effect persistence, it was perceived that 7 days without algae uptake was enough to partially reduce the protection efficacy. Overall, these findings are promising towards the benefits of macroalgae inclusion in fish diet, and thus, to invigorate mariculture activity and the commercial use of algae, also providing new insights on the DNA protection mechanisms.
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•Macroalgae-enriched diet exhibits genoprotective properties in gilthead seabream•Reduction of oxidative DNA damage owing to an exogenous insult was achieved•Seven days without algae uptake was enough to partially weaken the protection•Promising results to invigorate aquaculture activity (both algae and fish cultivation)
L. and
L. (Rosaceae) are grown as raw materials for valuable essential oils and hydrosols. There are scarce data about the biological activities and the genoprotective potential of the hydrosols of ...these roses. The aim of the study was to provide information on their cytotoxic/genotoxic activity and anti-cytotoxic/anti-genotoxic capacity against mutagenic
-methyl-
'-nitro-
-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). The evaluation was performed using classical tests for chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in the higher plant
and human lymphocyte test systems. The experimental schemes included combined hydrosol and mutagen treatment. Both hydrosols (6, 14, 20%) had no cytotoxic effect on barley and showed low genotoxicity in both test systems as the injuries were enhanced to a lesser extent compared to the controls. Lymphocytes were more susceptible than
. Under the conditions of combined treatment, it was found that the two hydrosols possessed good anti-cytotoxic and anti-genotoxic potential against MNNG. Both rose products exerted genoprotective potential to a similar extent, decreasing the frequencies of aberrations in chromosomes and micronuclei to a significant degree in both types of cells when non-toxic concentrations of hydrosols were applied before MNNG. This was performed both with and without any inter-treatment time. The observed cytoprotective/genoprotective potential suggests that these hydrosols are promising for further application in phytotherapy and medicine.
The reports over the years on chemotherapeutic regimen involving cyclophosphamide (CYP), a bifunctional alkylating agent, demonstrated hepatotoxic side effect.
Eulophia gracilis
(EG) is a medicinal ...plant with folkloric utility in the treatment of liver damage and blood related diseases. However, there is a knowledge gap on the impact of
E. gracilis
effectiveness on CYP-associated hepatic toxicity in the literature. We investigated on potency of aqueous methanolic extract of
E. gracilis
(AMEG) and CYP-mediated hepatic toxicity in rats. Experimental rats were administered with CYP (2 mg/kg) or co-treated with AMEG (200 or 400 mg/kg) for 7 days consecutively. The result showed that co-treatment with AMEG significantly reduces alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities compared to the CYP group. Moreover, AMEG abated CYP-induced decreases in superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes in the liver homogenate. AMEG alleviated CYP-facilitated surges of hepatic concentration of advanced oxidized protein product (AOPPs) and lipid peroxidation in rats. Additionally, AMEG reduced pathological lesions in the liver of co-treated rats and elicited anti-genotoxic effect by mitigating CYP-mediated increases of frequency of formation of polychromatic erythrocyte in the bone marrow and hepatic percentage DNA fragmentation in CYP-exposed rats. Overall, AMEG protective effect improved liver dysfunction occasioned by CYP-mediated toxicities in rats by abating oxidative stress and alleviating genotoxic responses.
Glaucium species (Papaveraceae) are the medicinal plant that has been used traditionally to have been used for centuries to treat memory impairment. The aim of this study is to investigate the G. ...acutidentatum methanol and water extracts' phytochemicals and neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic and anti-genotoxic potentials.
Chemical composition was screened by using capillary gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Neuroprotective effect was analyzed on nerve growth factor (NGF) differentiated-PC12 (dPC12) cells from neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Also, these extracts were screened for the mutagenic and anti-mutagenic activity by the Salmonella/microsome test system. In addition, genotoxic profiles and anti-genotoxic effects of these extracts were also analyzed by Comet technique.
Extracts of G. acutidentatum had strong neuroprotective effects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced damage. Also, neurite length was dose-dependently increased in extracts exposed groups compared with the H2O2-treated group. The anti-inflammatory effect of these extracts was parallel to neuroprotective effect. However, these extracts showed strong anti-mutagenicity (72.9–75.0%) and anti-genotoxic properties. Any genotoxic effect was observed of these extracts in lymphocyte cells, analyzed by the Comet assay.
These results suggest that methanol and water extracts of G. acutidentatum had neuroprotective and anti-mutagenic effects and contained protective substances that decreasing damage to genetic material.
•G. acutidentatum methanol and water extracts show neuroprotective activity.•G. acutidentatum methanol and water extracts show anti-inflammatory effect.•G. acutidentatum methanol and water extracts show anti-mutagenic effect.•G. acutidentatum methanol and water extracts show anti-genotoxic effect.
Pilosocereus gounellei (Cactaceae) is used to treat wounds and inflammation. In this study, we evaluated whether the saline extract from its stem would have genotoxic or anti-genotoxic effects. In ...the genotoxicity evaluation, mice received the extract (500, 1,000, or 2,000 mg/kg) orally while negative and positive controls were treated with saline solution (0.9% NaCl) per os and cyclophosphamide (CPA, 80 mg/kg i.p.), respectively. In the anti-genotoxicity assay, using other animals, treatments were carried out by administering the extract (500, 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg) or saline solution (negative control) per os and then CPA (80 mg/kg i.p.) 1 h later. Genotoxic effects were evaluated by micronucleus test and comet assay using peripheral blood and bone marrow cells. Oral administration of only the extract at 500 and 1,000 mg/kg did not result in genotoxicity. A slight increase in the incidence of micronucleus was observed at the highest dose (2,000 mg/kg). Administration of the extract before CPA reduced the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) number by 49.07–71.43%, and DNA fragmentation in peripheral blood (85.04–94.44%) and bone marrow (87.43–92.70%) cells also decreased. In conclusion, when administered orally at the tested doses, the extract is genotoxically safe, being cautious in doses above 1,000 mg/kg, and has a protective effect against CPA-induced DNA damage.
cactus; micronuclei; comet assay; anti-genotoxic effect; Biological Sciences; Metabolite; Pharmaceutical Science; Natural product; Biochemistry; Toxicology.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-genotoxic activity of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. BCAAs ...inhibited LPS-induced NO production, with 100 mM leucine having the most pronounced effect, suppressing NO production by 81.15%. Valine and isoleucine also reduced NO production by 29.65 and 42.95%, respectively. Furthermore, BCAAs suppressed the inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression. Additionally, BCAAs decreased the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 which are proinflammatory mediators. Anti-genotoxic activities of BCAAs were assessed using the alkaline comet assay and valine, isoleucine, and leucine significantly (
p
< 0.05) decreased tail length of DNA (damaged portion) to 254.8 ± 7.5, 235.6 ± 5.6, and 271.5 ± 19.9 μm compared than positive control H
2
O
2
(434.3 ± 51.3 μm). These results suggest that BCAAs can be used in the pharmaceutical or functional food industries as anti-inflammatory agents or anti-cancer agents.
In the present study, we aimed to investigate the genotoxic and anti-genotoxic potencies of three luteolin derivatives (luteolin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-rutinoside and luteolin-7-O-glucuronide) ...by using human cells. In the micronucleus test, the human lymphocytes were exposed to aflatoxin B
1
, the luteolin derivatives and a mixture of the two for 72 h. Furthermore, we have evaluated the levels of antioxidants of human whole blood plasma in order to clarify the possible mechanisms that may contribute to the anti-genotoxic activity of the luteolin derivatives. According to the results obtained from the micronucleus test, the highest protection rates for luteolin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-rutinoside and luteolin-7-O-glucuronide against aflatoxin B1 were 32.09, 35.55 and 37.50 %, respectively. Similarly, these three luteolin derivatives ameliorated the level of antioxidants altered from aflatoxin B
1
.
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