It is well known that oxidative stress causes certain diseases and organ damage. However, roles of oxidative stress in the acute phase of critical patients remain to be elucidated. This study aimed ...to investigate the balance of oxidative and antioxidative system and to clarify the association between oxidative stress and mortality in critically ill patients. This cohort study enrolled 247 patients transported to our emergency department by ambulance. Blood was drawn on hospital arrival, and serum derivatives of reactive oxidant metabolites (dROMs, oxidative index) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP, antioxidative index) were measured. Modified ratio (MR) is also calculated as BAP/dROMs/7.51. There were 197 survivors and 50 non-survivors. In the non-survivors, dROMs were significantly lower (274 vs 311, p<0.01), BAP was significantly higher (2,853 vs 2,138, p<0.01), and MR was significantly higher (1.51 vs 0.92, p<0.01) compared to those in the survivors. The AUC of MR was similar to that for the APACHE II score. Contrary to our expectations, higher BAP and lower dROMs were observed on admission in non-survivors. This may suggest that the antioxidative system is more dominant in the acute phase of severe insults and that the balance toward a higher antioxidative system is associated with mortality.
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•UPLC-ESI-MS and UHPLC-Q-TOF/IMS was applied in the comprehensive metabolite profiling of Ajuga parviflora.•Targeted and untargeted metabolomic approaches were developed which ...explored 735 diversified metabolites including parts specific compounds of A. parviflora.•Vanillic acid was most abundant in A. parviflora while quercetin was present only in aerial part.•Ethanol extracts of A. parviflora showed highest TPC, TFC, TIC, nutritional component and antioxidant activity among all the samples.•The speculative biosynthetic pathway showed MEP and MVA pathways were involved for metabolites synthesis of A. parviflora.
Ajuga parviflora is a traditionally important herb to treat fever, diarrhoea, obesity, and diabetes. Earlier reports suggested that a limited chemical including nutritional information’s are available for A. parviflora. Hence, its metabolome analysis, nutritional and antioxidant activities are required to understand the role in health benefits. Metabolomics studies of aerial and underground part extracts (water, ethanol and 50 % ethanol) of A. parviflora were performed using UPLC-ESI-MS, UHPLC-Q-TOF-IMS coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. An UPLC-ESI-MS had identified sixty metabolites while 675 were using UHPLC-Q-TOF-IMS data-based search against METLIN database. Among thirteen targeted polyphenols, eight polyphenols were shown presence with higher concentration of vanillic acid (0.057 ± 0.002 mg/g), caffeic acid (0.002 ± 0.001 mg/g), and ferulic acid (3.766 ± 0.054 mg/g). Further, total phenolics (TP), flavonoids (TF), iridoid (TI) contents, nutritional components, amino acids, and antioxidant activities of extracts were conducted and found significant. Ethanol extracts of A. parviflora showed highest TP, TF, and TI contents while energy value was between 0.826 and 3.964 Kcal. Moreover, targeted, and untargeted metabolites diversifications among samples were monitored by multivariate statistical analysis. The metabolic variabilities were visualized with the percentage variance in PC 1–5 as 77.26, 21.06, 1.26, 0.25 and 0.15, respectively. The metabolomics-based information predicted a speculative metabolites biosynthetic pathway. The current understandings of metabolome information, nutritional component and antioxidant activities has supported A. parviflora for health benefits. This comprehensive investigation will help in quality agrotechnological interventions and value-added health benefit products.
The antioxidant yeast strains isolated from the traditional dry sausage of northern China were screened, and their antioxidant role in dry sausage was evaluated. The survival abilities of seven ...strains were relatively superior when exposed to 12 mM H2O2 after 48 h, and these were subsequently inoculated into dry sausage. Among them, Debaryomyces hansenii HRB1 and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa SH9 treatments yielded lower peroxide value (0.48 and 0.51 mmol/kg, respectively), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance value (0.51 and 0.50 mg MDA/kg, respectively), and carbonyl content (8.67 and 8.70 nmol/kg protein, respectively) values (P < 0.05), indicating the superior antioxidant activity of these two strains. Meanwhile, yeast inoculation reduced the alcohol content and increased the ester content in the dry sausage. In particular, the level of hexanal, a byproduct of lipid oxidation, was reduced. A sensory evaluation demonstrated that the inoculated dry sausage had the higher salty taste and the lower sour taste and rancid taste. Overall, D. hansenii HRB1 not only effectively inhibited lipid and protein oxidation and reduced the perception of oxidative taste, but also enhanced the aroma profile of dry sausage and improved overall sensory quality. This study offers a novel perspective for the development of antioxidant starters and enhancement of fermented meat product quality.
•Survival abilities of seven strains were superior when exposed to 12 mM H2O2.•Inoculation with D. hansenii HRB1 and R. mucilaginosa SH9 inhibited lipid oxidation.•Dry sausage inoculated with D. hansenii HRB1 yielded the lowest carbonyl content.•Inoculation with D. hansenii HRB1 reduced the hexanal content of dry sausage.•Inoculation with D. hansenii HRB1 reduced the rancid odour of dry sausage.
Mid-infrared spectroscopy is finding an increasing number of applications; however, many of its potential uses remain unexplored. In this study, mid-infrared spectroscopy is applied to predict total ...antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents of powdered matrices of 14 diverse plant species. In all instances, the optimum prediction models were found using standard normal variate smoothing as a pre-processing method. The results show high correlation between the FTIR predicted and chemically determined values, namely R2 values of 0.962 for total phenolics, 0.829 for cupric reducing antioxidant potential (CUPRAC) and 0.911 for ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP). The relative RMSE found for validation indicated that total phenolic content could be predicted with higher accuracy than CUPRAC or FRAP. This pilot study highlights the promise of this technology for plant breeders and a range of industries where rapid screening of many samples for antioxidant and/or phenolic content is envisaged.
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•FTIR spectroscopy can predict antioxidant and phenolic contents in powdered plant material.•Samples from a dozen plant families were assessed.•Reasonable correlation was found, particularly for total phenolic content.•This technique may speed up the bioprospecting process.
In this study, modified sea Cucumber Peptides (SCP) were prepared by reacting with xylooligosaccharide (XOS) and alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) via glycation. Free radical inhibitory and inhibition ...of oxidative stress of modified SCP was evaluated using human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells and zebrafish embryos.
LC-MS analysis revealed that SCPs mainly consist of 40 active peptides, with an average molecular weight of 1122.168 Da and an average length of 11 amino acid residues. For amino acid composition, L-Asparagine, L-Methionine, and L-Aspartic Acid were dominant amino acids in SCP.
The result showed that the antioxidant ability of SCP against 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion radical (O−2), and Hydroxyl Radical (OH) was significantly improved after modification. In HepG2 cells, the modified SCP showed stronger protection than native SCP native against H2O2-induced oxidative stress by enhancing cell viability and reducing radical oxygen species (ROS) generation. The inhibition effect of SCP was increased after modification with XOS and AOS by 13 % and 19 % respectively. Further studies displayed that the activity of antioxidative enzymes, including Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT), was remarkably enhanced, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) level was reduced compared with native SCP and H2O2-treated groups, thus, improving the intracellular antioxidant defenses. The gene expression analysis showed that the mechanism underlying the modified SCP protective effect may be linked with the capability to regulate Nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) gene expression. The protective effect of modified SCP against H2O2 in vitro was confirmed in vivo by reduced toxicity in zebrafish embryos via improvement of mortality rate, hatching rate, heart beating rate, and deformities of the zebrafish model. However, SCPAOS conjugate displayed greater antioxidant potentials compared to the SCPXOS, the different effects between SCPAOS and SCPXOS could be due to their different antioxidant activity. Thus, modified SCP could be potentially used as a novel nutraceutical in the preparation of anti-aging food and medicine.
•Melatonin promotes photosynthetic carbon fixation in cold-stressed tomato plants.•Melatonin improves antioxidant potential in cold-stressed tomato plants.•Melatonin induces expressions of ...cold-responsive genes in tomato plants.•Melatonin increases accumulation of metabolites in cold-stressed plants.•Melatonin ameliorates cold-induced damage in tomato plants.
Low temperature is an adverse environmental factor posing damage to tomato plants and causing huge loss of yields. Thus, seeking an effective way of ameliorating cold damage is important for sustainable tomato production. Melatonin is a crucial molecule involved in plant abiotic stress responses. In this study, we investigated the role of exogenous melatonin in amelioration of cold damage in tomato plants. Lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage, greater activities of antioxidant enzymes, and higher levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants were observed in melatonin-pretreated plants than in non-melatonin-pretreated plants under cold stress. Gene expression analyses showed that exogenous melatonin substantially promoted expression of cold-responsive genes, including SlICE, SlCBF and SlP5CS, under cold condition. Notably, SlSBP, a gene encoding a Calvin cycle enzyme sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase), was considerably induced in melatonin-treated plants under cold stress, consistent with the observed increase in photosynthetic carbon assimilation. Analyses of metabolites revealed that levels of polyamines, sucrose, and proline were significantly enhanced following cold treatment in melatonin-pretreated plants. Collectively, our data provide evidence for the ameliorative effects of melatonin on cold-induced damage to tomato plants. Our work also provides a case study that exogenous application of melatonin may be potentially employed as a strategy to improve cold tolerance in tomato production.
Mushroom consumption has grown extraordinarily owing to their high nutritional value, desirable taste, and aroma. Mushrooms continue generating lots of interest chiefly in their consumption as food, ...as a cure for different ailments, as well as important goods for commerce throughout the globe owing to their dietary, antioxidant, and therapeutic values. Higher Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes mushrooms have different properties with anticancer and immunological potential. They as well provide vital health benefits and display a wide-ranging continuum of pharmacological effects. The antioxidant activity of different mushrooms was reviewed for different radicals including DPPH, ABTS, OH, Nitrite, metals, and lipid peroxidation. The present review presents pharmacological activities of different species of edible and medicinal mushrooms. This review provides tangible evidence that these mushrooms are an excellent source of natural constituents and antioxidants with potential application in pharmaceuticals and in treating and managing different diseases.
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•Mushroom consumption has grown extraordinarily owing to their high nutritional value, desirable taste, and aroma.•Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes mushrooms have different properties with anticancer and immunological potential.•Extracts from mushrooms show moderately strong antioxidant effects on different radicals.•Edible and medicinal mushrooms are excellent sources of antioxidants with natural constituents.•These mushrooms can be applied in pharmaceutical purposes to treat and manage various diseases.
Background
Triticum spelta L. (family Poaceae) is an ancient grain, which had been used for nutrition in the past but was eventually substituted, together with other related grains, for bread wheat ...(Triticum aestivum L.). The main reasons for its substitution are higher yield and economic gain in favor of bread wheat. With the belief that the extract of young spelt grass contains a sufficient amount of key nutrients, which contribute to beneficial effects on human health, research was conducted on 27 samples of young spelt grass extracts. For each sample extracted from young spelt grass cultivated under different conditions (irrigation, lighting, harvest), its nutritional composition, the content of biologically active substances and antioxidant activities were determined, with a comparison of the obtained results.
Results
In this two‐year study several nutrients, the content of major and trace minerals, antioxidant activity and pigment, and polyphenolic and flavonoid contents were analyzed and how the different growth factors influence them. Young spelt grass extract has a relatively high amount of functional ingredients, such as potassium, phosphorus, manganese, chromium, polyphenols and flavonoids. Chlorophyll a and b and pheophytin were the main pigments in the young spelt grass extract. All of these constituents exhibit antioxidant activity, which is important for a healthy lifestyle and protection against diseases.
Conclusion
This extract is a rich source of some major (potassium and phosphorus) and trace (manganese and chromium) elements, pigments, polyphenols and flavonoids. The antioxidant potential of the young spelt grass extract was positively correlated with their phenolic and flavonoid content. Accordingly, this composition of biologically active substances offers various ways of using this extract in the field of nutrition‐like dietary supplements.
•Chitosan derivatives-based films crosslinked by heat-treatment and MR were prepared.•Functional and structural properties of films were influenced by heat treatment.•The higher extent of MR was ...obtained by lower Mw-CDP-based films.•Antioxidant activities of the films were improved due to MR products development.
This work focused on studying the physicochemical and antioxidant properties changes of varying molecular weight (Mw) chitosan-depolymerization products (CDP)-based films occurring after crosslinking by heat-treatment and Maillard reaction (MR). Based on color properties and browning index, an enhancement of films properties was observed after treatment at 90 °C with a reduction in their water content, solubility and contact angle. Brown MR products were developed in heated films containing glucose thus improving their barrier properties. This effect was more pronounced in lower Mw-CDP based films. In addition, according to TGA, EAB and TS analyses an improvement in heat-treated films thermal stability and mechanical properties was detected and further confirmed through FTIR, X-ray and SEM analyses. The evaluation of the antioxidant potential through four different assays allowed to conclude that glucose addition, thermal treatment and the use of low Mw-CDP highly enhanced the MR-modified films antioxidant capacity. Consequently, MR crosslinked chitosan-based films could be potentially used as an alternative for bioactive and functional packaging effective in food oxidation inhibition, especially using low Mw chitosan derivatives.
•Oleic acid and terpenes are used to prepare DESs composed of safe and edible ingredients.•DESs recover about 60% of the astaxanthin produced by H. pluvialis.•DESs extract astaxanthin directly from ...H. pluvialis culture, by-passing dewatering.•Thymol confers excellent light stability to astaxanthin formulations.•Thymol and astaxanthin contribute to creating powerful antioxidant formulations.
Three novel hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on oleic acid and terpenes (thymol, dl-menthol, and geraniol) were prepared, characterized, and used to extract astaxanthin from the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis without any pre-treatment of the cells. The three DES were composed of Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) and edible ingredients. All the tested DESs gave astaxanthin recovery values of about 60 and 30% in 6 h if applied on freeze-dried biomass or directly on algae culture, respectively. The carotenoid profile was qualitatively identical to what was obtained by using traditional organic solvents, regardless of the DES used; the monoesters of astaxanthin with C18-fatty acids were the main compounds found in all the carotenoid extracts. The thymol:oleic acid DES (TAO) could preserve astaxanthin content after prolonged oxidative stress (40% of the astaxanthin initially extracted was still present after 13.5 h of light exposure), thanks to the superior antioxidant properties of thymol. The capacity of improving astaxanthin stability combined with the intrinsic safety and edibility of the DES components makes the formulation astaxanthin-TAO appealing for the food ingredients/additives industry.
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