Arbuskularna mikoriza i maslina Žgomba Maksimović, Ana; Bolarić, Snježana; Vokurka, Aleš ...
Glasnik Zaštite Bilja,
05/2021, Letnik:
44, Številka:
3
Journal Article, Paper
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Arbuskularna mikoriza je simbiozni odnos pri kojem gljiva prodire u stanice korteksa korijena vaskularne biljke. Selekcija prikladnog soja gljiva, koja ovisi o uzgajanoj kulturi, jedan je od ...najvažnijih faktora za ostvarivanje uspješne arbuskularne mikorize. Jednom kada se ostvari uspješan simbiozni odnos, koji na određeni način predstavlja most između korijena biljke i tla, dolazi do pozitivnog utjecaja na prinos kao i na kvalitetu maslinova ulja. Dosadašnja istraživanja su potvrdila kako arbuskularna mikoriza može pozitivno utjecati na ishranjenost i poboljšano zdravstveno stanje masline, prinos plodova kao i na kemijski sastav maslinovog ulja. Ovakva saznanja omogućuju poboljšanje te moduliranje različitih parametara proizvodnje u maslinarstvu.
Arbuscular mycorrhiza - a symbiotic relationship in which the fungus invades the cortical cells of the root of the vascular plant. The selection of a suitable fungal strain, which depends on the crop grown, is one of the most important factors in achieving a successful arbuscular mycorrhiza. Once achieved, a successful symbiotic relationship acts as a bridge between the plant roots and the soil that has a positive impact on nutrient transport. Previous research has confirmed that arbuscular mycorrhiza can have a positive effect on olive nutrition, phytosanitary stability, as well as fruit yield and olive oil quantality, and chemical composition. Insight into relationship enables the improvement and modulation of various production parameters in olive growing.
Primjena mikorize u hortikulturi ZRNIĆ, Marija; ŠIRIĆ, Ivan
Journal of Central European agriculture,
09/2017, Letnik:
18, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
U ovom radu dat je pregled znanstvene i stručne literature na temu primjene mikorize u hortikulturi. Definirana je pojava mikoriznih simbioza te su pojašnjene neke od osnovnih značajki simbiotskog ...odnosa između gljive i biljke. Navedeni su najčešći tipovi mikorize u prirodi, njihove karakteristike i razlike s obzirom na domaćine, simbiotske gljive i prirodu odnosa. Cilj je rada literaturnim primjerima
demonstrirati učinke koje kolonizacija mikoriznim gljivama može imati na razna agronomska, fiziološka i biokemijska svojstva hortikulturnih vrsta. Prikazan je pozitivan utjecaj mikorizacije na ishranu bilja i usvajanje pojedinačnih hraniva te rast i prinos kultura. Istraživanja pokazuju da mikorizirane biljke bolje podnose stres uzrokovan nedostatkom hraniva i vode te zaslanjenost i toksične koncentracija teških metala u tlu. Također, pokazan je i pozitivan učinak simbioze na kulture pri napadu folijarnih patogena i nematoda. Navedeni učinci ukazuju na mogućnost primjene mikorize u održivim agroekosustavima, no odnosi između kultura, mikoriznih gljiva i tipova tla zahtijevaju daljnja istraživanja.
The contribution of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) on phosphorus (P) uptake by groundnut was examined in a low P field soil. The fungicide benomyl was applied to eradicate mycorrhizal ...infection. The treatments consisted of three P levels viz. 0, 50 and 400 mg P kg-1 soil, with and without benomyl application. Groundnut as test crop was sown two weeks after the application of benomyl and was harvested four times covering the whole growth period. At each harvest, the shoot yield, shoot P concentration, root length, soil solution P (CLi) and per cent root infection by AM was determined for benomyl treated and untreated soil at all P levels. Benomyl showed no effect on soil solution P concentration. When P was limiting, application of benomyl did reduce early groundnut growth by 40-50% at P-0, and by 25-30% at P-50. At high P supply (P-400), benomyl had little or no effect on dry matter production. Thus, indicate that the effect of benomyl on plant growth was by its influence on P uptake from soil. Phosphorus supply affected percentage of root infected by AM which was 40% of the roots at P-0, and decreased to around 30% and 10% at P-50 and P-400. In the early growing season, the P influx of maize was dependent on P in soil solution and the effect of AM was rather large. At high P supply, the contribution of AM to P influx showed a decrease. Without or low AM infection and at low P level, the P influx was 62% of that with AM. During early growth period groundnut showed a similar behaviour as maize at middle growth stage and without AM reduction of P influx, which was to an extent of 67%. In absolute terms AM is more important at maximum growth in the early growth season for groundnut. It is evident from the present investigation that AM may make an significant contribution by about 35% to the P nutrition of groundnut, but other factors, like P solubilization by root exudates, may be even more important.
Proučevan je bil vpliv samonikle arbuskularna mikorize (AM) na sprejem fosforja (P) pri rastlinah arašida. Fungicid benomyl je bil uporabljen za zagotovitev kontrolnih rastlin brez mikorize. Gnojenje s P je potekalo na treh nivojih in sicer 0, 50 in 400 mg P na kg tal, z oziroma brez uporabe benomyla. Arašidi so bili posajeni dva tedna po tretiranju tal s fungicidom, vzorce so jemali štirikrat tekom obdobja rasti. Pri vsakem jemanju vzorcev je bila določena teža poganjkov, koncentracija P v poganjkih, dolžina korenin, topen P v tleh in odstotek okužbe z mikorizno glivo, na obeh nivojih tretiranja s fungicidom in na vseh nivojih dodatka P. Fungicid ni vplival na vsebnost topnega P v tleh. Ko je bil P omejujoč dejavnik je fungicid zmanjšal zgodnjo rast arašidov za 40 do 50% pri P-0 in za 25 do 30% pri P-50. Pri visokem dodatku P (P-400) je imel fungicid majhen vpliv ali sploh ni imel vpliva na pridelek sušine. Tako kaže, da je fungicid vplival na rast rastlin z vplivom na sprejem P iz tal. Oskrba s P je vplivala na AM, ki je bila 40% pri koreninah skupine rastlin P-0 in se je znižala na okoli 30% in 10% pri P-50 in P-400. Pri visokih odmerkih P se je zmanjšal pomen AM za oskrbo rastlin s P. Brez AM in pri nizkem nivoju P je bil dotok P v rastline samo 62% tistega, ki je bil pri rastlinah z AM. AM je najpomembnejša za zagotovitev maksimalne rasti v začetku rastne sezone arašidov. Raziskava je pokazala da je AM značilno prispevala z okoli 35% deležem oskrbe rastlin arašidov s P, da pa so lahko celo bolj pomembni tudi drugi vplivi, kot na primer, da izločki korenin prispevajo k povečanju topnega P v tleh.
Arbuskularna mikoriza se je razvila v koevoluciji s kopenskimi rastlinami. Čeprav predstavlja eno najbolj razširjenih simbioz na kopnem, še vedno obstajajo številna odprta vprašanja o biologiji ...arbuskularnih mikoriznih gliv ter njihovi ekološki vlogi v različnih ekosistemih. Z razvojem molekulskih tehnik so raziskave arbuskularne mikorize dobile nove razsežnosti, omogočen pa je bil tudi boljši vpogled v procese, ki se odvijajo v rizosferi oz. širše mikorizosferi, če poleg korenin upoštevamo tudi zunajkoreninski micelij mikoriznih gliv v tleh. V prvem delu članka je predstavljen pregled novejših objav s področja raziskav arbuskularne mikorize s poudarkom na ekološkem in funkcionalnem vidiku, v drugem delu pa tudi kratek pregled metod s poudarkom na tistih, ki se uporabljajo v mikrobni ekologiji.
PDF
