This article examines conflicts concerning urban space, focusing on relationships between autonomous space and neoliberal urbanism through the empirical example of the cultural centre AKC Metelkova ...Mesto in Ljubljana, Slovenia. Through a thematic discourse analysis of activist interviews and collective statements by activist groups connected to Metelkova, research questions concern how urban conflict is constructed from the vantage point of autonomous space; what role autonomous space is assigned in relation to such conflict; and how tensions and antagonisms within the autonomous space can be understood. Theoretically we engage in a reinterpretation of the notion of heterotopia in conjunction with critical urban theory, analysing Metelkova as an autonomous heterotopia. Further, we argue that theoretisations of autonomous spaces need to consider experiences from Central and Eastern Europe, in which the conditions are shaped and constructed in conjunction with particular configurations of abruptly implemented neoliberal governance and the rise of the authoritarianism.
What was participatory culture’s role in advancing critical PR ideals through community placemaking for UK City of Culture 2021 (UKCoC) bids? To answer this question, 20 semi-structured interviews ...were conducted across five UKCoC contender locations, paying particular attention to presentation of professional self. Reported events were theorised using the academic concepts of critical PR and participatory culture. It is argued that two elements to proceedings created conditions for critical PR ideals to be advanced at intervals. The first was a low barrier to inclusion and artistic expression – although this had the opposite effect for some arts people. The second was, due to the low barrier, the possibility for the emergence of autonomous space for participants, facilitated by the organisational, cultural curator, PR role. The low barrier is key to the definition of participatory culture. However, its relevance to critical PR has been un-theorised until now, despite growing interest in the intersection between the disciplines of participatory culture and critical PR. This is the first such work to examine UKCoC using critical PR and participatory culture theories. The community placemaking activities under scrutiny are presented as embodiments, in parts, of critical PR ideals, made possible by participatory culture. In summary, it is demonstrated that the PR role provided the potential for residents to be empowered, and to gain an enhanced love of place or topophilia. This was a bottom-up and anti-neoliberal effect of the top-down and time-limited undertaking of bidding for UKCoC status, highlighting the value of participatory culture principles to critical PR.
•This study extends a small body of work highlighting participatory culture’s potential to advance critical PR ideals.•It emphasises participatory culture’s low barrier to involvement in the context of critical PR, to benefit the common good.•The study highlights the limitations of the low barrier to involvement, for participants with experience in the arts.
ABSTRACT In addition to radio navigation, optical navigation has been used successfully in deep-space missions since the launch of the Voyager spacecraft, in the 1970s. In the 1990s, the NASA’s Deep ...Space-1 mission successfully tested an autonomous optical navigation system which allowed great reduction in mission costs, and maximized scientific results. The ASTER mission, the first Brazilian deep space mission, shall count on the support of optical navigation for all its phases. The platform of the probe is the Russian Pilgrim spacecraft developed by the Russian Space Research Institute for the Finnish-Russian mission to Mars (MetNet). As such, besides the scientific camera on board (which may also be used for navigation purposes), the probe will also dispose of a navigation camera (NAVCAM). This study is related to the formulation of a general proposal of optical navigation, that can be used in the ASTER mission, which takes into account the equipment available on board, especially the NAVCAM, along with tracking software suitable for the conduction of optical navigation. The description of an appropriate navigation algorithm together with its successful application to simulated and real images (from NASA’s New Horizons mission) is carried out.
In addition to radio navigation, optical navigation has been used successfully in deep-space missions since the launch of the Voyager spacecraft, in the 1970s. In the 1990s, the NASA’s Deep Space-1 ...mission successfully tested an autonomous optical navigation system which allowed great reduction in mission costs, and maximized scientific results. The ASTER mission, the first Brazilian deep space mission, shall count on the support of optical navigation for all its phases. The platform of the probe is the Russian Pilgrim spacecraft developed by the Russian Space Research Institute for the Finnish-Russian mission to Mars (MetNet). As such, besides the scientific camera on board (which may also be used for navigation purposes), the probe will also dispose of a navigation camera (NAVCAM). This study is related to the formulation of a general proposal of optical navigation, that can be used in the ASTER mission, which takes into account the equipment available on board, especially the NAVCAM, along with tracking software suitable for the conduction of optical navigation. The description of an appropriate navigation algorithm together with its successful application to simulated and real images (from NASA’s New Horizons mission) is carried out.
There are emergent interests on the dynamics of counter-terrorism measures (CTMs) at global, regional and national levels, particularly with respect to how CTMs intersect with and shape state–civil ...society relations. Using a descriptive research design, this study examines how the implementation of CTMs influences the dynamics of state–civil society relations in Nigeria. The stratified random sampling was used to select 205 programme officers of civil society organizations (CSOs), while purposive sampling was used to select 29 executive directors of CSOs for in-depth interviews. The descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to analyse the data. The findings show that the capacity of CSOs to contribute to CTM is shaped by the politics that places CSOs in the service of the government. Their positioning helps establish an environment of conviviality in which CSOs advance the interest of the state in the context of counter-terrorism, and in turn, the state engages and endorses CSOs. The paper argues that CTMs are increasingly impinging on the operations of CSOs in Nigeria, thus constraining the autonomous space that defines CSOs that lie at the intersection of state and society.
L’intérêt envers les dynamiques des mesures de lutte contre le terrorisme aux niveaux mondial, régional et national est en croissance. Il porte surtout sur la façon dont ces mesures croisent les relations entre l’État et la société civile et les modulent. À l’aide d’une recherche descriptive, la présente étude examine comment la mise en œuvre de mesures de lutte contre le terrorisme influence les dynamiques des relations entre l’État et la société civile du Nigeria. Un échantillonnage stratifié randomisé fut utilisé pour sélectionner 205 responsables de programmes d’organismes de société civile (OSC), tandis qu’un échantillonnage dirigé a permis de sélectionner 14 directeurs d’OSC et 15 fonctionnaires à des fins d’entrevues détaillées. Les données furent analysées à l’aide d’une analyse statistique descriptive et de contenu. Les résultats démontrent que la capacité des OSC à contribuer aux mesures de lutte contre le terrorisme est influencée par les politiques qui mettent ces dernières au service du gouvernement. Leur positionnement crée un environnement de convivialité où les OSC font évoluer l’intérêt de l’État dans le contexte du contre-terrorisme et en retour, l’État engage et appuie les OSC. Le présent article avance que les mesures de lutte contre le terrorisme empiètent de plus en plus sur les activités des OSC au Nigeria, étouffant ainsi l’espace anonyme qui définit les OSC à l’intersection de l’État et de la société.
Es besteht ein wachsendes Interesse an der Dynamik von Anti-Terror-Maßnahmen auf der globalen, regionalen und staatlichen Ebene, insbesondere dahingehend, inwiefern sich diese Maßnahmen mit den Beziehungen zwischen Staat und Bürgergesellschaft überschneiden und diese prägen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht mit Hilfe eines deskriptiven Forschungsdesigns, wie die Implementierung von Anti-Terror-Maßnahmen die Dynamik der Beziehungen zwischen Staat und Bürgergesellschaft in Nigeria beinflusst. Mittels einer stratifizierten Zufallsstichprobe wurden 205 Programmbeauftragte aus Bürgergesellschaftsorganisationen und 15 Regierungsbeauftragte für umfassende Interviews ausgewählt. Die Daten wurden anhand der deskriptiven Statistik- und Inhaltsanalyse analysiert. Den Ergebnissen zufolge ist die Kapazität der Bürgergesellschaftsorganisationen, zu Anti-Terror-Maßnahmen beizutragen, von der Politik geprägt, die die Bürgergesellschaftsorganisationen in den Dienst der Regierung stellt. Ihre Position trägt zur Schaffung eines freundlichen Umfelds bei, in dem die Bürgergesellschaftsorganisationen die Interessen des Staates im Zusammenhang mit der Bekämpfung des Terrorismus fördern und im Gegenzug vom Staat engagiert und unterstützt werden. Der Beitrag argumentiert, dass Anti-Terror-Maßnahmen verstärkt auf die Tätigkeiten von Bürgergesellschaften in Nigeria einwirken und so die Autonomie, durch die sich die Bürgergesellschaften in ihrer Position zwischen Staat und Gesellschaft definieren, einschränkt.
Existen intereses emergentes en la dinámica de las medidas contra el terrorismo (CTM, por sus siglas en inglés), a nivel mundial, regional y nacional, en particular con respecto a cómo las CTM se cruzan con, y dan forma a, las relaciones estado-sociedad civil. Mediante la utilización de un diseño de investigación descriptiva, el presente estudio examina cómo la implementación de las CTM influyen en la dinámica de las relaciones estado-sociedad civil en Nigeria. Se utilizó el muestreo aleatorio estratificado para seleccionar a 205 ejecutivos de programa de organizaciones de la sociedad civil (CSO, por sus siglas en inglés) para seleccionar a 14 directores de CSO y 15 funcionarios del gobierno para realizar entrevistas en profundidad. Se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas y análisis de contenido para analizar los datos. Los hallazgos muestran que la capacidad de las CSO para contribuir a las CTM está conformada por la política que sitúa a las CSO al servicio del gobierno. Su posicionamiento ayuda a establecer un entorno de cordialidad en el que las CSO promueven el interés del estado en el contexto de la lucha contra terrorismo y a su vez, el estado se compromete y respalda a las CSO. El presente documento argumenta que las CTM están afectando cada vez más a las operaciones de las CSO en Nigeria, constriñendo de este modo el espacio autónomo que define a las CSO que se encuentran en la intersección del estado y la sociedad.
Space 2.0 is a promising frontier for scientific exploration and the advancement of commerce, security, and technology 1. To effectively harness this potential, it is imperative to establish a ...multifunctional, resilient, and sustainable infrastructure that enables the maintenance and production of space-based systems. This capability is a driver for mission success on-orbit and for interplanetary travel to other celestial bodies. Central to this infrastructure is the establishment of orbital manufacturing facilities, referred to as 'factories-in-space' (FiS) 2, which serve as critical nodes in the supply chain for the servicing, assembly, and production of systems essential for space-based operations. This paper presents a framework for understanding the key principles and design considerations underpinning FiS.
Community gardens include many benefits, and different motivations seem to underline citizens’ choices to participate. In Italy, political motivations are considered one of the main reasons for ...participation in community gardens (known as orti urbani). Drawing from the orti urbani experience in Palermo (the largest city in Sicily, Southern Italy), this study aims to understand the main motivations that influence citizens’ participation and to measure the effects of these motivations on fruit and vegetable consumption among participants. Findings reveal that orti urbani attract middle‐class participants who possess high amounts of cultural capital but relatively less financial capital. Among the motivations affecting the citizens’ participation, eating safe food is the most important one. Orti urbani represent a solution to the increasing concerns about the safety of food and the urban environment.
The paper outlines the long-term space robotics projects as well as recent results in DLR's robotics laboratory. The driving force behind all the efforts made in hardware and software development is ...to
design highly integrated robot systems which can be utilized in space, especially for extravehicular activities. Our envisaged field of application reaches from servicing satellites in low Earth and geostationary
orbit to space stations as well as planetary exploration robots, all of them fully ground controlled from Earth. The ground control concept is based on the MARCO architecture, which was verified in a few
space robotics projects over recent years. It includes taskoriented programming capabilities for autonomous robot control at the remote site as well as methods for direct telemanipulation by means of virtual
reality and telepresence techniques, which allows a realistic feeling for the ground operator via visual and haptic feedback devices. In addition to the control techniques, a new generation of ultra-lightweight
robot arms with articulated hands is required to give the space robot systems the necessary dexterity. A number of experiments will verify and consolidate the usage of space robots. First, the ROKVISS experiment
aims at the verification of DLR's lightweight robotics components under realistic mission conditions. Second, the TECSAS experiment will show the feasibility of autonomous as well as telepresence methods
for further satellite servicing tasks. Third, a strong cooperation with industry will create the first business case in on-orbit-servicing: by attaching a tugboat to a satellite, whose propellant is declining,
the lifetime of valuable telecommunication satellites could be prolonged for several years.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Earth-orbiting satellites experience a partial or full eclipse when they pass through the night side of the Earth. These eclipse events can have significant impacts on the satellite due to the ...dramatic change of the solar radiation incident. It is therefore essential to propose a high-precision eclipse prediction algorithm or even a space-borne algorithm applied to the satellite to predict the eclipse events autonomously. This paper proposes two eclipse prediction algorithms based on an atypical eclipse condition. The first is the numerical variable-step algorithm whose computation efficiency is superior to the previous fixed-step algorithm due to adopting multiscale step sizes. The other is the autonomous space-borne algorithm, which, based on the analytical solution of the eclipse condition, predicts the penumbra and umbra. Both algorithms have been implemented to the Sun-synchronous orbit and the prediction results are compared with that of the Satellite Tool Kit software. It is indicated that the numerical variable-step algorithm is of high prediction accuracy, whereas the autonomous space-borne algorithm is more suitable for the on-board processor to predict the eclipse due to its reduced computational demands.
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