Effectively addressing the impact of aviation on climate change may prove a major challenge for policymakers. Τhe European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is one of the main instruments used ...to reach the statutory reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. This paper examines policy issues regarding the implementation of the EU ETS in aviation. A two-round Delphi study was undertaken based on a sample of 31 experts from Airlines and the International Air Transport Association; Air Navigation Service Providers; Civil Aviation Authorities; Government Institutions; and informed individuals (consultants and academics). The different allocation methods of allowances; the linking of EU ETS to similar schemes in other counties/continents; and the interconnection of the scheme with related environmental policies in Europe are found to significantly affect the efficiency of the EU ETS. Simpler monitoring, reporting and verification processes; streamlining and increased transparency of the auctions and penalties revenue policy; and achievement of balance in the allowance market are recommended to rectify caveats of the EU ETS from a policy perspective.
•The inclusion of aviation in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) has not realised its full potential so far.•Issues of concern are the: allowance allocation; implementation process; Monitoring, Reporting and Verification mechanism.•The linking of EU ETS to other emission schemes is feasible if grounded on factors identified in the paper.
Design/methodology/approachThis paper used pervious related to aviation literatures to summarise and viewpoint the current aviation environment and conduct the risks, value, and resilience of ...grounded aircraft-value in the post-pandemic era.PurposeThroughout 2020 to date, this major event, known as SARS CoV-2, has had a decisive impact on global air transport. Since the outbreak began, passenger travel has declined due to infection risks and new laws and travel restrictions. Dependent Surveillance-Despite the recent recovery in demand from the airline industry, risks posed by new models remain a concern for many airlines. From the data of Broadcasting (ADS-B) is helpful for preliminary observation and judgment of the value level of a certain type of aircraft.FindingsThis paper not only focuses on the aviation environment, but discusses aviation highlights such as international perspectives, domestic (i.e. Taiwan) perspectives, and several issues between industry and academic perspectives.Research limitations/implicationsThe next phase of research needed in this area is a closer assessment of the value of aircraft in the development of global networks, which could have important policy implications for aircraft manufacturers and the aviation industry.Originality/valueThis paper provides a contemplative perspective about the aviation industry.
The issues related to the problem research of conformity assessment of airbuses and airliners quality are considered. The aim of the study is to identify characteristic scientific and technical ...trends in the development of standardization and certification of aviation equipment for the needs of civil aviation. The material of the study was widely known information on the development, proposal and implementation of quality standards and quality marks since the beginning of the development of the aviation industry. In carrying out the proposed research procedures were used to compare and analyze the most important events in world history that contributed to the development of aviation technology. Comparison and analysis of the most important events in world history that contributed to the development of aviation technology for the needs of civil aviation was performed using various methods of system analysis, proven by successful research in various fields of science and technology, closely related to the development of avionics. Theoretical basis is the set of applied methods of the analysis based on practical use of digital computer technology. The results of the study revealed the development trend of standardization and certification of aviation equipment for the needs of civil aviation.
항공기 제작 및 운송 기술 발달로 국내 항공산업은 비약적인 발전을 이루었으나, 항공안전 사고는 지속해서 발생하고 있다. 관리 감독기관에서는 위험기반 항공안전데이터를 기반으로 위해 요인과 위험도를 분류하고, 운송사업자별 안전 경향성 파악과 취약분야를 도출하여 사전점검을 수행함으로써 사건·사고를 사전 예방중에 있다. 그러나 자연어 형식으로 기술된 ...항공안전데이터의 휴먼 분류는 지식과 경험, 성향에 따라 서로 다른 분류 결과를 초래하고, 이벤트 내용의 의미 파악 및 분류를 위한 작업에 상당한 시간을 소요케 한다. 이에, 본 논문에서는 KoBERT 모델을 fine-tunning하고 5천 건 이상의 항공안전데이터를 기계학습 시켜 신규 데이터의 분류 값을 예측한 결과 79.2%의 정확성을 보였다. 그리고 유사 이벤트에 대해 동일한 결과 예측과 fail 된 데이터 중 일부는 휴먼 에러에 의한 오류임을 확인할 수 있었다.
Although the domestic aviation industry has made rapid progress with the development of aircraft manufacturing and transportation technologies, aviation safety accidents continue to occur. The supervisory agency classifies hazards and risks based on risk-based aviation safety data, identifies safety trends for each air transportation operator, and conducts pre-inspections to prevent event and accidents. However, the human classification of data described in natural language format results in different results depending on knowledge, experience, and propensity, and it takes a considerable amount of time to understand and classify the meaning of the content. Therefore, in this journal, the fine-tuned KoBERT model was machine-learned over 5,000 data to predict the classification value of new data, showing 79.2% accuracy. In addition, some of the same result prediction and failed data for similar events were errors caused by human.
Abstract
Aviation emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO
x
) alter the composition of the atmosphere, perturbing the greenhouse gases ozone and methane, resulting in positive and negative radiative forcing ...effects, respectively. In 1981, the International Civil Aviation Organization adopted a first certification standard for the regulation of aircraft engine NO
x
emissions with subsequent increases in stringency in 1992, 1998, 2004 and 2010 to offset the growth of the environmental impact of air transport, the main motivation being to improve local air quality with the assumed co-benefit of reducing NO
x
emissions at altitude and therefore their climate impacts. Increased stringency is an ongoing topic of discussion and more stringent standards are usually associated with their beneficial environmental impact. Here we show that this is not necessarily the right direction with respect to reducing the climate impacts of aviation (as opposed to local air quality impacts) because of the tradeoff effects between reducing NO
x
emissions and increased fuel usage, along with a revised understanding of the radiative forcing effects of methane. Moreover, the predicted lower surface air pollution levels in the future will be beneficial for reducing the climate impact of aviation NO
x
emissions. Thus, further efforts leading to greater fuel efficiency, and therefore lower CO
2
emissions, may be preferable to reducing NO
x
emissions in terms of aviation’s climate impacts.
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